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	L-system
		An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a set of rules and symbols (a formal grammar) very similar to a semi-Thue grammar[?] (see Chomsky hierarchy).
		Lindenmayer systems are also popular in the generation of artificial life.
		Lindenmayer Systems are very often self-similar and thereby fractals.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/l-/L-system.html (795 words)

	lsystem
		In basic form, a Lindenmayer system consists of a starting string of symbols from an alphabet, and has repeated transitions applied to it, specified by a list of transition search-and-replace rules.
		Lindenmayer systems are found in artificial intelligence and artificial life and can be used to generate fractal patterns (usually via mapping symbols from the alphabet to turtle commands), organic looking patterns that can simulate plants or other living things, or even music.
		Lindenmayer systems consist of strings of symbols from an "alphabet"; in this case, the alphabet is all 8-bit characters.
	www.alcyone.com /pyos/lsystem (609 words)

	Grammatical evolution to design fractal curves with a given dimension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In 1968, Aristid Lindenmayer [10] defined a new class of grammars [11] (Lindenmayer systems or grammars, or, in short, L systems), similar to Chomsky grammars.
		Grammatical evolution [23–30] is a grammar-based, linear genome system.
		Other authors [33–35] evolve parametric L systems (an extension of Lindenmayer grammars) [36] and encounter the important problem that parametric systems are not closed under the action of genetic algorithms.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/474/ortega.html (4394 words)

	Forschung 1999/2000
		Lindenmayer systems were introduced by A.Lindenmayer for describing parallel cell growth.
		In multiple-limited Lindenmayer systems all identical cells of an organism are fed by a common limited resource like light or water that bounds the fully parallel growing of those cells.
		The last tree was generated by a multiple-limited Lindenmayer system where the limit for left branching cells was ten times smaller than those limits for the remaining types of cells.
	www.iti.cs.tu-bs.de /FuL/99/Forschung-old.html (662 words)

	Introduction
		L systems are string rewriting mechanisms that Lindenmayer introduced to model the development of multicellular organisms [3,4].
		In parametric systems, if a numerical parameter is associated with a turtle graphics symbol, it controls the turtle's movements [6], and the system controls factors like the size of branching angles and the length of turtle steps.
		We designed systems based on known characteristics of the growth and morphology of filamentous fungi to investigate mechanisms that may be involved in the formation of circular colonies.
	journal-ci.csse.monash.edu.au /ci/vol02/f_soddel/node1.html (607 words)

	Lyndenmeyer Systems
		Lindenmayer systems (L-systems) were initially conceived by Aristid Lyndenmeyer as a mathematical theory of elementary plant development.
		Lindenmayer's original work (Lindenmayer 1982) was restricted to a basic topological model.
		The first formal definition of such a system was given at the beginning of this century by Thue [128], but a wide interest in string rewriting was spawned in the late 1950s by Chomsky's work on formal grammars [13].
	www.avatar.com.au /courses/Lsystems/History.html (633 words)

	Lindenmayer Systems :: Artificial Life : Gourt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a formal grammar (a set of rules and symbols) most famously used to model the growth processes of plant development, though able to model the morphology of a variety of organisms.
		L-systems were introduced and developed in 1968 by the Hungarian theoretical biologist and botanist from the University of Utrecht, Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989).
		As a biologist, Lindenmayer worked with yeast and filamentous fungi and studied the growth patterns of various types of algae, such as the blue/green bacteria Anabaena catenula.
	computers.gourt.com /Artificial-Life/Lindenmayer-Systems.html (548 words)

	4.1 Aristid Lindenmayer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Aristid Lindenmayer, a biologist in the 1960’s, was interested in modeling the growth pattern of a type of algae using a grammar.
		Lindenmayer proposed a grammar system that took an initial string and rewrote it using a set of rules.
		Lindenmayer was able to confirm his prediction by comparing the grammars his system produced with algae under a microscope.
	www.alesdar.org /oldSite/IS/chap4-1.html (177 words)

	Mike's Weblog
		Lindenmayer systems are similar to Markov or Semi-Thue systems (both are very simple text replacing systems), with the exception that at each production step, all matching rules are applied, whereas Markov or Semi-Thue systems apply only one rule at a time.
		Markov systems further have special terminating rules (unlike Semi-Thue) and rules have a specific order in which they are tried (Semi-Thue systems may apply the rules in random order).
		A Markov system is incorrect if no more rules are applicable, it must terminate by explicitly "calling" the terminating rule (usually denoted as dot).
	www.ntecs.de /blog-old/Tech/ComputerScience/Lindenmayer.rdoc (458 words)

	Implementation of an L-System Modler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Lindenmayer-Systems (hereafter referred to as L-Systems) are string rewriting techniques developed by Astrid Lindenmayer in 1968 which can be used to model the morphology of a variety of organisms.
		The underlying problem with this implementation of a bracketed system is that it prevents the correct interaction which could occur between the lines involved in the process.
		Since drawing of the main axis essentially stops while the entire branch is drawn in bracketed L-Systems (since it is being drawn in a depth first fashion), any interaction which would normally occur between the branch and points higher on the segment is impossible.
	shakti.trincoll.edu /~bhorling/lsystems/paper.html (2032 words)

	Fractals and Fractal Architecture - Lindenmayer-Systems/Midpoint Displacement Method/Strange Attractors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Put into other words an attractor is a preferred position for the system to which it evolves no matter what the starting position is. Once such a position is reached it will then stay on the attractor in the absence of other factors.
		The existence of an attractor[02]in general means for a scientific process that it possesses the characteristic either to run in a stable, periodical or quasi-periodical way.
		‘Stable’ means that the system aims at a certain end condition, called point attractor or the fixed point of the system.
	www.iemar.tuwien.ac.at /modul23/Fractals/subpages/35Lsystems.html (1311 words)

	Fractals & Lindenmayer Systems (L-Systems)
		The results demonstrated that this generative system (the combination of L-systems and evolutionary algorithms) produced solutions faster with higher fitness than the non-generative encoding that it was compared against.
		Other systems (such as direct encoding and using graph structure as the generative encoding) were able to produce creatures that had at most 50 components, while this system produced creatures with up to hundreds of parts that were able to behave in an interesting way.
		The authors demonstrated that the creatures that were developed by this system were able to move throughout the environment in a variety of different ways.
	www.itee.uq.edu.au /~pennyd/LandFSummaries.htm?print=1 (3297 words)

	Lindenmayer Systems
		Lindenmayer System are the geometric representation of formal grammars.
		Astrid Lindenmayer was impressed by the complexity that emerges from a simple grammar like this.
		He believed these systems captured a mathematical principles of biological development.
	www.lewisbowen.uklinux.net /program/lsystem (455 words)

	An Introduction to Lindenmayer Systems
		L-systems are a mathematical formalism proposed by the biologist Aristid Lindenmayer in 1968 as a foundation for an axiomatic theory of biological development.
		Lindenmayer systems were conceived as a mathematical theory of development.
		In his work, Lindenmayer, introduced a notation for representing graph-theoretic trees using strings with brackets.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e28_3/lsys.html (1288 words)

	Basic definitions
		Lindenmayer systems, or L-systems for short, are a particular type of symbolic dynamical system with the added feature of a geometrical interpretation of the evolution of the system.
		They were invented in 1968 by Aristid Lindenmayer to model biological growth.
		Because of the elegance of the systems and the beauty of the fractals, they are extremely popular and there are several fine resources for learning about them on the web, including the following:
	www.math.okstate.edu /mathdept/dynamics/lecnotes/node13.html (262 words)

	Aristid Lindenmayer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aristid Lindenmayer (November 17, 1925 – October 30, 1989) was an Hungarian biologist.
		In 1968 he developed a formal language that is today called L-systems or Lindenmayer Systems.
		Using those systems Lindenmayer modelled the behaviour of cells of plants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aristid_Lindenmayer (106 words)

	Lindenmayer Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Lindenmayer systems (L systems) were first introduced in 1968 by Lindenmayer as a mathematical theory of plant development (Lindenmayer 1968a; 1968b).
		They attracted the attention of computer scientists who investigated them through formal language theory (Prusinkiewicz and Hanan 1989), and Smith (1984) proposed using L systems as a tool for creating computer generated images of plants.
		Lindenmayer A (1968a) Mathematical models for cellular interaction in development I. Filaments with one-sided inputs.
	ironbark.bendigo.latrobe.edu.au /staff/fran/lsys/lsys.html (154 words)

	L-systems in PostScript
		L-system is short for Lindenmayer System, after Aristid Lindenmayer who, interestingly enough, was a biologist from Sweden.
		He used these systems to model the growth of plants, and published papers both in biology and computer science journals.
		Those systems have been extended to 3D and widely used in plant biology and computer graphics.
	www.cs.unh.edu /~charpov/Programming/L-systems (951 words)

	MathPAD
		Lindenmayer systems, more commonly known as L-systems, are a mathematical formalism used to describe the developmental growth of organisms.
		The construction of these structures is based on a mathematical formalism developed by Aristid Lindenmayer and the method is therefore dubbed L-systems.
		Although, this new method was initially applied to the growth of multicellular organisms such as algae, L-systems quickly became an essential element in developing models of dynamic systems including the growth of trees, the interaction of plants with the environment and even crop yield prediction.
	www.mupad.com /mathpad/2003_1/raimbert/index.html (670 words)

	CHAPTER 7
		This chapter contains background on Lindenmayer systems (L-systems for short) and description of several different types of L-systems.
		The notion of Lindenmayer systems was conceived in 1968 by Aristid Lindenmayer as a mathematical model of biological development.
		Most of the work behind L-systems is done by Lindenmayer himself and Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz [19, 20], but research has been done by many more [21, 22, 23].
	valhallawebdesign.com /Thesis/chapter_7.html (1984 words)

	Lindenmayer Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Lindenmayer systems are pretty simple to understand and specify.
		This small program will generate a PostScript document from a description of the system.
		An indication of this is the fact that gzip will compress output files by a factor of 50-60.
	www.daimi.au.dk /~plesner/programs/lindenmayer.php (140 words)

	Lindenmayer - Ulli's Fractal Home
		Here is an applet to try out Lindenmayer's language.
		In the year 1968 the german biologist Aristid Lindenmayer developed a model, demonstrating plant's growth with the use of some "construction rules".
		The basic principle is simple: Starting with the axiom as the first element, the construction rules form complex expressions which have to be drawn.
	www.fraktalwelt.de /myhome/lmayer2.htm (353 words)

	Simulating plant growth
		However, a universal system for describing changes in plant morphology at the cellular or modular level has yet to be devised.
		It was also at this time that a biologist, Aristid Lindenmayer, first presented a model for cellular growth using string-rewriting mechanisms [11].
		Figure 5 : A comparison of the Koch construction (a) with a rewriting system preserving the branching topology of the modeled structures (b).
	www.acm.org /crossroads/xrds8-2/plantsim.html (4080 words)

	LMUSe: LSystems to Music
		L-systems recursively tranform a string of symbols according to a set of rules.
		The resulting string of symbols is then interpreted as a sequence of commands to move and turn a 'turtle' (a la the LOGO programming language) which draws (or writes music) as it moves.
		Originally designed by Aristid Lindenmayer and others to model the development of living organisms, L-systems are a fascinating tool for generating
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/8764/lmuse/lmuse.html (673 words)

	Robert M. Dickau - 2D L-Systems
		L-systems (also called Lindenmayer systems or parallel string-rewrite systems) are a compact way to describe iterative graphics using a turtle analogy, similar to that used by the LOGO programming language (about which I know nothing).
		When this system is iterated several times, the result is often a complicated fractal curve.
		The Math Forum is a research and educational enterprise of the Drexel School of Education.
	mathforum.org /advanced/robertd/lsys2d.html (443 words)

	Fractal Patterns, L-Systems and Semantics
		The hungarian professor Aristid Lindenmayer (University of Utrecht; 1925-1989) developed an algorithmic treatment for describing the beauty of plants (3).
		Known as Lindenmayer Systems or L-Systems, this treatment is not strange to psycho-linguistics and to those conducting research in mathematical semantics and cognition.
		It is a reminder of something found in Lindenmayer Theory: the recursive phenomena that at local level give rise to branching structures (i.e., the "push" and "pop" commands).
	www.miislita.com /fractals/fractals-l-systems-semantics.html (2756 words)

	L-system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		L-systems are now commonly known as parametric L systems, defined as a tuple
		It interprets each constant in an L-system model as a turtle command (see turtle graphics).
		"An introduction to Lindenmayer systems", by Gabriela Ochoa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lindenmayer_system (1029 words)

	Java Lindenmayer Systems
		Java Lindenmayer Systems is a desktop program written to process Lindenmeyer Systems.
		The second aspect of Lindenmeyer systems are rules to render the strings graphically.
		Not knowing, where to start, I ended up with a book on Lindenmeyer systems, and I was amazed with beauty of the drawings.
	jlsystem.sourceforge.net (531 words)

	about lindenmayer systems
		This is based on previous code I created that implimented these in postscript.
		Lindenmayer Systems were created by a biologist, Artsid Lindenmayer to model plant growth.
		Starting with a seed string, you iterate several generations each time following very simple rules for growing the string.
	overstimulate.com /projects/canvas/lindenmayer.html (199 words)

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