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Topic: Line and length

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	Usability News - 4.2 2002 -- The Effects of Line Length on Children and Adults’ Online Reading Performance
		Line conditions were compared by having participants read three passages, each with different line lengths.
		It is possible that the benefits of reduced scrolling for the wider condition was offset by its increased line length and, thus, negating any positive effects due to the decrease in its line length.
		Children, on the other hand, indicated their preference for the narrowest line length (45 CPL) and, thus, it may be beneficial to use narrow line lengths when possible.
	psychology.wichita.edu /surl/usabilitynews/42/text_length.htm (1879 words)

	Dan's Mail Format Site \| Body \| Line Length
		Most e-mail users don't give much thought to the length of lines in their messages; they just let their mail programs wrap the lines for them in both incoming and outgoing messages, so they don't even know how long the lines actually are in the message as transmitted.
		For practical purposes, lines should be broken at even less than 78 characters, since when a message is quoted back in a reply it might have angle brackets prefixed to it.
		Lines would be well over 78 characters long, and sometimes even over the "hard limit" of 998 characters.
	mailformat.dan.info /body/linelength.html (2142 words)

	Line Tool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The line length can be specified precisely using the VCB either before clicking the second point or immediately after the line has been drawn.
		The line was traced (middle-image) and the line became thin indicating that the line was reintegrated.
		These lines and points show precise alignment between the line you are drawing and the geometry of your model.
	download.sketchup.com /OnlineDoc/C-Drawing_Tools/DrawTool-Line.htm (1029 words)

	Communiqué // A Case For Shorter Lines
		Line length, in typography, refers to how many characters occupy a single line in a paragraph.
		Line length is also called column width, characters per line, measure, or even words per line.
		Anything from 45 to 75 characters is widely regarded as a satisfactory length of line for a single-column page set in a serifed text face in a text size.
	www.imarc.net /blog/126/a_case_for_shorter_lines (887 words)

	Complex behavior in perceptual line length
		In each trial but the first, in which a standard line was presented, the line presented to an observer was of the same length as they had indicated their subjective estimate of the line length to be on the preceding trial.
		As was mentioned above, line length is often perceived distortedly, as in geometric illusions such as the Müller-Lyer illusion, the Ponzo illusion, the horizontal-vertical illusion, and the parallel-line illusion [5, 22, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 45], four of which are shown in Figure 1.
		The length of the control line, when it appeared on the screen, was set to be the length of the stimulus line (in pixels) plus or minus a random number of pixels between 0 and 40.
	www.complexity.org.au /ci/vol06/henmi/henmi.html (5803 words)

	Max Design - Ideal line length for content
		The ideal line length for text layout is based on the the physiology of the human eye...
		Research shows that reading slows and retention rates fall as line length begins to exceed the ideal width, because the reader then needs to use the muscles of the eye and neck to track from the end of one line to the beginning of the next line.
		This is almost an ideal line length for users who have their fonts set to around 14-16px - normal browser defaults, but less than ideal for users who have their fonts set much larger or smaller.
	www.maxdesign.com.au /presentation/em (918 words)

	The Effects of Line Length on Reading Online News
		No effects of line length were found for comprehension or satisfaction, however, users indicated a strong preference for either the short or long line lengths.
		One such factor that has been studied is line length, or the number of characters presented per line of text.
		Similarly, a line length of 45-60 characters was recommended by Grabinger and Osman-Jouchoux (1996) based on user preferences.
	psychology.wichita.edu /surl/usabilitynews/72/LineLength.htm (1481 words)

	Math Forum: Geoboards - Scavo
		One calculates the length of an arbitrary line segment using the Pythagorean theorem, a concept whose understanding is a primary objective of this unit.
		Using the Pythagorean theorem, the length of line segment AB is found by calculating the square root of the sum of the squares of the lengths of the base and height of the triangle, that is,
		Thus the length of line segment AB is 5 units.
	mathforum.org /trscavo/geoboards/intro2.html (364 words)

	Sarcomere Length Measurements
		Since the spacing of the I-bands is the same as the sarcomere length (since the Z-line is at the center of the I-band, and sarcomere length is from Z-line to Z-line), sarcomere length is then equivalent to d in the grating equation.
		Examples of in vivo applications include the measurement of sarcomere length changes in fish while they are swimming and intraoperative sarcomere length measurements in humans during reconstructive procedures.
		Knowledge of a fiber's sarcomere length is important to determine where you are on the length-tension curve and make sure the muscle is at a length which optimal for the tasks it needs to perform.
	muscle.ucsd.edu /musintro/diffraction.shtml (578 words)

	Topics in trigonometry: Line values (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		THE LINE VALUE of a trigonometric function is a straight line whose length represents the value of that function.
		As the central angle changes, the line becomes a kind of "graph" of the function during one revolution.
		The line values are the best way for the student to visualize and remember each function's values.
	www.themathpage.com /aTrig/line.htm (750 words)

	The length of a path*
		However, if you increase the number of line segments (decreasing the length of each line segment), the total length of the line segments becomes a better estimate of the slinky length.
		Consequently, the total length of the line segments approaches the slinky length, as shown by L(dt) approaching the red mark on the green slider.
		Equation (3) simply says that the total length of the path traced by the particle is the integral of its speed.
	www.math.umn.edu /~nykamp/m2374/readings/arclength (673 words)

	Line Length
		Sometimes the formula point size x 2 is used to determine the optimum line length.
		Instead of wide line lengths, double or multiple columns of smaller line lengths should be used.
		The actual type on the line may not fill the entire line length.
	www.olle.com /Demo/zwe.html (134 words)

	Calculate electrical length of a line De AC3L & AI3B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is a very useful number since the length of any radio signal can be determined by dividing the speed of the signal by the frequency of the signal.
		Another use of the length of a radio signal is in using transmission line sections (1/2 wave, 1/4 wave, etc.) in order to provide various impedance transformations.
		For the length in meters, this is (299.8 / frequency in MHz) * velocity.
	www.home.earthlink.net /~pittsburghpool3/ElmerHAMletAntenna/ElmerHAMletElectLen/CaleleclenlineNEW.htm (494 words)

	Help: Command Line Length Limits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As the command processor scans the command line and substitutes the contents of aliases user defined functions, and environment variables for their names, the line usually gets longer.
		This expanded line is limited to 16,383 characters.
		If your use of aliases, user defined functions, or environment variables causes the command line to exceed the applicable one of these limits as it is expanded, you will see a Command line too long error and the remainder of the line will not be executed.
	www.jpsoft.com /help/cmdlength.htm (111 words)

	Optimal Line Length (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In their study using 12-point type, the 4-inch line length produced the slowest reading rate and the 7.3 inch line length produced the fastest.
		Dyson and Kipping (1998) found that a line length of 5.5 inches (140 mm) was read reliably faster than a narrower 1.8 inch (46 mm) line length.
		If the line lengths are too short (2.5 inches or less) it may impede rapid reading.
	www.webusability.com /article_line_length_12_2002.htm (861 words)

	Line & Hook Length Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Incorporating a hi-tensile woven outer sheath which is designed to withstand snags, heavy weed, pads and other abrasive underwater obstacles, leadcore is also very effective as an anti-tangle medium and suitable for use with all modern carp rigs.
		We knew no ordinary line, braid or mono, would not withstand the abrasion so we chose Mean Green and it paid off big.
		Our original "salt and pepper" line, TUF-Line® is manufactured with Spectra® fibers and has an amazing 4% stretch which translates into super sensitivity and more powerful hooksets when compared to monofilament.
	www.wackerbaits.com /sf/en-us/dept_88.html (2019 words)

	Line Tools
		The Line tool can be used to convert a Points Along object or dimension line to a line, or it will convert a rectangle or polygon to a series of lines.
		The length of the line may be fixed or variable.
		Note that the centerlines are placed so that the dash patterns are symmetrical about the center of the lines and the line length is set so that it results in a crossing solid piece at the center.
	www.seqair.com /WildTools/Lines/Lines.html (890 words)

	Past Issues - UI Design Newsletter
		Weber (1881) made the first research-based recommendations when he suggested that an ideal line length was 4 inches (100 millimeters).
		Two years later, Cohn (1883) confirmed that 3.6 inches (90 mm) was the best length, and that 4 inches (102 mm) was the longest admissible line length.
		The authors proposed that longer line lengths obviously require greater lateral eye movements, which seemed to make it more likely that users would lose their place within the text.
	www.humanfactors.com /downloads/nov02.asp (1018 words)

	Line length p. 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On the printed page, line length is directly related to font size and leading, according to research <.
		Guidelines from practitioners < for printed line lengths vary quite a bit, but frequently mention line lengths in the range of 4-5 inches or less.
		Be careful not to make printed lines too short, however, or line length will become dysfunctional.
	www.indiana.edu /~vdim/Text/Length/LL1a.HTM (71 words)

	That Darned Content pg 2: Production Graphics with Wendy Peck at webreference.com
		There is an optimum line length for perfect legibility in print, approximately 10-12 words per line (font shape and size differences can require this rule to be adjusted).
		Not only is the line length hard to follow, the changing white space makes it hard to keep the reading rhythm.
		Now, I am telling you to keep line length under control, yet the most common way to keep pages liquid is to let the content columns stretch and contract, because text is much more malleable on a Web page than any other element.
	www.webreference.com /graphics/column51/2.html (994 words)

	Java Style Guide: Formatting: Line Length (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Avoid lines longer than 80 characters When an expression will not fit on a single line of 80 characters, break it according to these general principles:
		Align the new line with the beginning of the expression at the same level on the previous line.
		Lines longer than 80 characters wrap around in the source code printout, making your code harder to read and understand.
	www.cwu.edu /~gellenbe/javastyle/linelength.html (82 words)

	TYPOGRAPHY: Line length
		Magazine and book columns are narrow for physiological reasons: at normal reading distances the eye's span of acute focus is only about three inches wide, so designers try to keep dense passages of text in columns not much wider than that comfortable eye span.
		Wider lines of text require readers to move their heads slightly or strain their eye muscles to track over the long lines of text.
		In the end, the decision to restrict line length is a philosophical one.
	www.webstyleguide.com /type/lines.html (416 words)

	More Line Length Ideas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In this scheme, when the line runs past the edge of its pane, we simply cut it off and show an ellipsis.
		Now here's a truly innovative idea: if a line runs past the edge of its pane, we cut off printing and put a little control arrow at the right edge of the line, indicating that there is more stuff off that edge.
		If your line runs off the edge of the screen, it's your responsibility to clean it up with intermediate variables.
	www.erasmatazz.com /library/Erasmatron_Design_95/More_Line_Length_Ideas.html (182 words)

	CRichEditCtrl::LineLength (Visual C++ Libraries)
		Retrieves the length of a line in a rich edit control.
		Specifies the character index of a character in the line whose length is to be retrieved.
		If this parameter is –1, the length of the current line (the line that contains the caret) is returned, not including the length of any selected text within the line.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/en-us/vclib/html/_mfc_CRichEditCtrl.3a3a.LineLength.asp?frame=true (179 words)

	Line length and readability \| 456 Berea Street
		The Effects of Line Length on Reading Online News, a study published at Usability News, shows that line lengths of 95 characters per line result in higher reading speed.
		Joe Clark has posted some comments on the study in Line lengths when reading from a screen.
		I think there is difference between line readability in print, and line readability on the screen.
	www.456bereastreet.com /archive/200509/line_length_and_readability (462 words)

	Zero Length - Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
		Next: Variable Length, Previous: Hex Floats, Up: C Extensions
		Zero-length arrays are allowed in GNU C. They are very useful as the last element of a structure which is really a header for a variable-length object:
		a length of 1, which means either you waste space or complicate the argument to
	gcc.gnu.org /onlinedocs/gcc/Zero-Length.html (489 words)

	Lee looks to line and length for Test spark - Cricket - Sport - smh.com.au
		Opponents of the science involved in the game these days will be heartened to hear it is line and length.
		While a shorter length works for him in the one-dayers, Lee wants to be more like Glenn McGrath in Tests, patiently attacking the top of off stump and using his bouncers and yorkers more selectively.
		The length I bowl in one-dayers is a bit shorter than a normal [Test] nicking length, but that's the way it works in one-dayers."
	www.smh.com.au /news/cricket/lee-looks-to-line-and-length-for-test-spark/2005/11/01/1130823207020.html (882 words)

	Managing Line Length. - Scala
		As you are designing template pages, you must keep the potential length of the message lines in mind.
		Because the actual message text is not substituted for the @LINE# text elements until the message is published, you don't know exactly how long the lines will be when designing the template.
		Possible minimum line length requirements (some lines may need to be at least a certain number of characters long so that items such as a phone number or URL can appear all on one line)
	www.scala.com /reporter-tutorial/length.html (452 words)

	R+W: Specify the overall length of a Line Shaft - FAQ
		A) R+W line shaft couplings are made to order, and cut to the exact length required by the application.
		The overall length specification for an R+W line shaft is equivalent to the total end-to-end length of the unit.
		Proper selection would include a measurement of the distance between the ends of the connected shafts + the recommended “fit length” of the line shaft hub.
	www.rw-america.com /service/faq-length-line-shafts.php (173 words)

	Design Tip: Limit Your Line Length
		Lines longer than 80 characters are hard to follow.
		When your eye reaches the end of a line, it has trouble finding the beginning of the next line.
		On a 800x600 pixel monitor, a resolution that's rapidly becoming the standard for computer screens, each line is nearly 135 long when the browser is set to use the full screen!.
	www.netmechanic.com /news/vol2/design_no4.htm (433 words)

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