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	Linear Accelerators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The linear particle accelerator is an extension of Wideroe's idea to a long linear array of accelerating "cells" powered by a radio frequency source in the megawatt power range and in the gigahertz frequency range.
		Present linear accelerators attempt to optimize the acceleration by shaping the waveguide cavity of the accelerator so that the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave matches the particle speed at the locations where acceleration occurs.
		A linear accelerator is used as the second stage of the accelerator chain leading to the Tevatron at Fermilab.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/particles/linac.html (315 words)

	Stanford Linear Accelerator Center - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is a United States Department of Energy National Laboratory operated by Stanford University under the programmatic direction of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science.
		The 3.2 kilometer (2.0 mile) long underground accelerator is the longest linear accelerator in the world, and is claimed to be "the world's straightest object."
		In the early-to-mid 90's, the Stanford Linear Collider or SLC, investigated the properties of the Z boson using the SLAC Large Detector.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stanford_Linear_Accelerator_Center (751 words)

	Linear Accelerator
		A linear accelerator (LINAC) is the device most commonly used for external beam radiation treatments for patients with cancer.
		The linear accelerator can also be used in stereotactic radiosurgery similar to that achieved using the gamma knife on targets within the brain.
		The linear accelerator uses microwave technology (similar to that used for radar) to accelerate electrons in a part of the accelerator called the "wave guide", then allows these electrons to collide with a heavy metal target.
	www.radiologyinfo.org /en/info.cfm?pg=linac (680 words)

	Nuclear Services LINAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The acceleration takes place in three stages: an ion source produces negatively charged ions having a velocity of a few tenths of one percent of the velocity of light, the tandem Van de Graaff accelerator then accelerates these ions up to about 10% of the velocity of light.
		The Florida State University accelerator laboratory began operation in 1960 following the instillation of a 6 million volt tandem Van de Graff, the second of its type in the U.S. The laboratory and the accelerator were funded by the Florida Legislature.
		Preparations for the superconducting linear accelerator began in 1980 with a study of the most cost-effective way to improve the capabilities of the laboratory.
	www.physics.fsu.edu /Nuclear/Brochures/SuperconductingLinearAcceleratorLaboratory/default.htm (2087 words)

	Stanford Cancer Center - Linear Accelerator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Linear accelerators are the newest radiation technology available today.
		Linear accelerators at the Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center are able to interface with computers to create advanced, targeted radiation therapy treatments such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT).
		Because the linear accelerators are so accurate, it is important that you remain very still during treatment, which usually lasts about 10 minutes.
	cancer.stanfordhospital.com /forPatients/services/radiationTherapy/linearAccelerator (210 words)

	Linear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In a linear accelerator, an ion is injected into an accelerating tube containing a number of electrodes.
		Intensive work on linear accelerators was carried out in many laboratories in the early 1930s.
		The linear accelerator did not receive much further attention until after World War II, when the availability of high-power microwave oscillators made possible acceleration to high energies in relatively small linear accelerators.
	www.lbl.gov /nsd/education/ABC/wallchart/chapters/11/3.html (225 words)

	Accelerator: Copper Structure
		are accelerated in the copper structure of the linac in much the same way as a surfer is pushed along by a wave.
		The 2-mile SLAC linear accelerator (linac) is made from over 80,000 copper discs and cylinders brazed together.
		The size of the cavities in the accelerator is matched to the wavelength of the microwaves so that the electric and magnetic field patterns repeat every three cavities along the accelerator.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/accelerators/structure.html (381 words)

	Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The 172-hectare (426-acre) Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is a high energy research facility owned and operated by Stanford University under contract to the Department of Energy.
		The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center was established in 1962 as a research facility for high energy particle physics.
		The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center coordinates staging and ultimate disposal of low-level waste and mixed waste with the Department of Energy at Hanford, a licensed disposal facility for radioactive waste.
	web.em.doe.gov /bemr96/slac.html (3231 words)

	Linac Systems - Linear Accelerator Basics
		Linear Accelerators (linacs) are linear devices used to accelerate atomic and sub-atomic particles to high velocities.
		Accelerators employ electric and magnetic fields to accelerate, focus and steer the particles.
		In rf linacs, very high electric and magnetic fields are produced by injecting rf energy from a powerful rf system, similar to a radar transmitter, into a confined region of space (cavity) bounded by conducting materials (usually copper) to keep the energy from radiating away (as in radio, television or radar transmissions).
	www.linac.com /basics02.html (210 words)

	The CESR Linear Accelerator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Electrons emitted from a heated filament are accelerated in a special 30 meter long vacuum pipe under the action of a microwave electric field.
		The positrons are selected, focused, accelerated in the remaining length of the linac up to the 200 MeV final energy, and injected into the synchrotron.
		RF Accelerator Cutaway (2500 kbyte MPEG) shows a cut away of one of the eight Acceleration Cavities in the Linear Accelerator, where the oscillation of the powerful electric field from a radio wave accelerates the electron or positron beam.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /public/lab-info/linac.html (188 words)

	Linear Accelerator text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The building of the Linear Accelerator (Linac) was not a random event but rather the result of a series of developments on campus.
		When the construction of the Linear Accelerator was announced in the fall of 1961, it was portrayed as the next logical step on the University’s research path.
		The cost of the $1,750,000 facility was split between the National Research Council and the University of Saskatchewan with the NRC meeting the cost of the equipment and the University assuming the costs of the building.
	scaa.usask.ca /gallery/uofs_buildings/text_linac.htm (328 words)

	Linear Accelerator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In spring 2003, the C.R. Wood Cancer Center will add a new Varian linear accelerator to its state-of-the-art arsenal of weapons in battling cancer.
		This $1.6 million, multi-ton linear accelerator is considered the next generation in radiation therapy technology.
		Using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technology and the accelerator’s multileaf collimator, a series of 120 ‘fingers’ to precisely direct the radiation, a CT Simulator and the linear accelerator essentially "communicate" with each other, automatically positioning each finger to create a more precise pattern to aim the radiation.
	www.glensfallshospital.org /cancer_treatment_linear_accelerator.htm (260 words)

	Radiation Laboratory - University of Notre Dame ( Linear Accelerator at the NDRL )
		An 8 MeV linear electron accelerator is the experimental centerpiece of the radiation chemistry effort.
		This linear accelerator was built by Titan Beta (Dublin, CA) and installed in March, 1995.
		The specifications were chosen to optimize accelerator performance for radiation chemical studies of reactions in the nanosecond-to-microsecond time domain.
	www.rad.nd.edu /facilities/linear_accelerator.htm (291 words)

	The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
		The SLAC accelerator is housed in the longest building in the world, over 3 km long.
		These klystrons accelerate electrons to a maximum of about 50 giga-electron-volts (GeV) energy; the electrons are collided with positrons of comparable energy, for a maximum total of around 100 GeV.
		The round, silvery beam pipe, about 2 cm in diameter, enters from the lower left and is joined to a copper accelerator segment in the middle of the photo.
	www.siu.edu /~pulfrich/Pulfrich_Pages/lit_nonp/phys_astro/2004_SLAC/SLAC.html (918 words)

	Goodwin's Non-Linear Accelerator
		One of the first, formal non-linear models of the cycle was presented by Richard Goodwin (1951) in a model similar in spirit to the Harrod-Hicks multiplier-accelerator model, but entirely different in structure.
		The explanation for the non-linear accelerator related to a familiar problem in the theory of investment: namely, how to reconcile investment (flow) decisions and capital (stock) decisions.
		Obviously, this simplistic piecewise linear accelerator is but a special, extreme case of more general non-linear accelerators as Goodwin (1951) suggests.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/essays/multacc/goodw1.htm (818 words)

	Stanford Neighbors: Visitors' Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The two-mile long accelerator is used to conduct research in elementary particle physics.
		Since its founding in 1962, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) has revolutionized our understanding of the universe.
		Tours of the laboratory generally include an overview of particle physics research conducted at SLAC, a view of the giant detectors required to observe subatomic particles and a stroll down the Klystron Gallery, the world's longest building.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/neighbors/visiting/slac.html (160 words)

	Accelerator: SLAC Virtual Visitor Center
		The higher the energy of the accelerated particles, the more closely we can probe the structure of matter.
		Particle accelerators come in two basic designs, linear (linac) and circular (synchrotron).
		As you might suspect, operating an accelerator as large as the linac at SLAC is a challenging task.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/accelerator.html (172 words)

	Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
		The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) is a national basic research laboratory, probing the structure of matter at the atomic scale with x rays and at much smaller scales with electron and positron beams.
		The laboratory is operated by Stanford University under a contract from the United States Department of Energy (DOE).
		Typically 800 physicists from universities and laboratories around the world participate in the high energy physics program and 800 scientists from universities and industrial laboratories are active in the synchrotron radiation program.
	corporate.stanford.edu /research/programs/slac.html (97 words)

	Gauss Rifle
		By the third frame, the accelerator has sped up so much that the ball that is seen leaving the left side of the device is just a blur as it smashes into the target.
		It has not gained much momentum, because most of the momentum gained is in the last half inch as the magnet pulls much stronger on things that are closer.
		But the ball has enough energy from previous accelerations to release the next ball.
	www.scitoys.com /scitoys/scitoys/magnets/gauss.html (1503 words)

	#92 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (1962) - Landmarks
		The Stanford two-mile accelerator, the longest in the world, accelerates electrons to the very high energy needed in the study of subatomic particles and forces.
		Experiments performed here have shown that the proton, one of the building blocks of the atom, is in turn composed of smaller particles now called quarks.
		This research requires the utmost precision in the large and unique electromechanical devices and systems that accelerate, define, deliver, and store the beams of particles and in the detectors that analyze the results of the particle of interactions.
	www.asme.org /Communities/History/Landmarks/Stanford_Linear_Accelerator.cfm (387 words)

	Berkeley Lab to Build Linear Induction Accelerator for DARHT
		Berkeley Lab's Accelerator and Fusion Research Division will build one of the two linear induction electron accelerators for DARHT, an effort that Laboratory Director Charles Shank says is consistent with the Laboratory's legacy of accelerator production excellence.
		The accelerator work here will be unclassified, subjected to rigorous reviews and to publication of results.
		Because of Berkeley Lab's many decades of expertise in building accelerators of this type, it was asked by Los Alamos to examine various approaches for DARHT's second axis.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/DARHT-one.html (1409 words)

	LCRD: Linear Collider Research and Development Working Group
		Linear Collider Forum, a discussion forum concerned with Linear Collider matters.
		Arlington Linear Collider Workshop (UTA; January 9-11, 2003).
		Santa Cruz Linear Collider Retreat (UCSC; June 27-29, 2002).
	www.hep.uiuc.edu /LCRD/html_files/index.html (475 words)

	Linear Accelerator Building (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The linear accelerator is located at the Idaho Accelerator Center.
		The center is a unique research facility that provides opportunities for nuclear physics research.
		The machine is an rf linear accelerator operating at the L-band frequency of 1300 MHz.
	www.isu.edu /departments/isutour/build-descrip/linear-accelerator.html (52 words)

	Stanford Linear Accelerator Center reorganizes structure, senior management
		On May 24, Jonathan Dorfan, director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), announced a complete reorganization of the structure and senior management of the laboratory, which Stanford University has operated for more than 40 years for the U.S. Department of Energy.
		Persis Drell, director of the Particle & Particle Astrophysics Division, oversees the B-Factory [an international collaboration studying matter and anti-matter], the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the International Linear Collider effort, accelerator research and non-accelerator particle physics programs.
		SLAC's particle and particle astrophysics programs are also poised to make discoveries both in accelerator and non-accelerator physics research.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2005/june1/slacreorg-060105.html (885 words)

	Definition of linear accelerator - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
		Definition of linear accelerator - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
		This creates high-energy radiation that may be used to treat cancer.
		Also called linac and MeV linear accelerator (mega-voltage linear accelerator).
	www.nci.nih.gov /Templates/db_alpha.aspx?CdrID=44687 (64 words)

	SJSU Virtual Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Among other things, Alvarez is credited with the development of the microwave beacon, the linear radar antennae, and ground-controlled radar landing approaches for aircraft.
		He participated in the development of radar and the atomic bomb.
		After the war ended, Alvarez worked with others to construct the first linear accelerator for protons (1947) and the bubble chamber for observing electrically charged subatomic particles.
	www.sjsu.edu /depts/Museum/alv.html (244 words)

	Cranfield University, DCMT - Linear Accelerator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Centre for Materials Science and Engineering (CMSE) » Linear Accelerator
		The SL75-10 medical type linear accelerator provides electrons from 4 to 10 MeV or fixed 8 MeV X-ray photons.
		The beam is pulsed with a duration of 2 micro-seconds and repetition rates selectable between 100 and 600 per second.
	www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk /dmms/cmse/linearaccelerator/view?searchterm=None (195 words)

	Laboratories, institutes and universities
		The International Linear Collider Project Team at DESY
		RandD of a drift chamber, TPC for linear collider
		Accelerator Laboratory, Advanced Research Center for Beam Science,
	www.linearcollider.org /cms/?pid=1000008 (129 words)

	ipix linear accelerator page
		The expansion of our cancer center in 2004 enables us to provide the most comprehensive cancer technologies in the region.
		Through an additional linear accelerator we now offer IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy), delivering a higher dose of radiation with pinpoint accuracy, less damage to adjacent structures, fewer side effects, and a better chance of recovery.
		Use your cursor to rotate the image 360°.
	www.lewis-gale.com /CustomPage.asp?guidCustomContentID={3D9162EB-DF5A-4DBF-B83D-E66C65B50D30} (132 words)

	Linear Accelerator
		Office of Basic Energy Sciences national synchrotron x-ray research facility
		Producing brilliant x-ray beams at the APS begins with electrons emitted from a cathode heated to ~1100° C. The electrons are accelerated by high-voltage alternating electric fields in a linear accelerator (linac; photo below).
		Selective phasing of the electric field accelerates the electrons to 450 million volts (MeV).
	www.aps.anl.gov /About/APS_Overview/LINAC/index.html (90 words)

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