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	Perspective (graphical) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perspective (from Latin perspicere, to see clearly) in the graphic arts, such as drawing, is an approximate representation on a flat surface (such as paper) of an image as it is perceived by the eye.
		Perspectives consisting of many parallel lines are observed most often when drawing architecture (architecture frequently uses lines parallel to the x, y, and z axes).
		Typically, mathematically constructed perspectives are "linear" in that the ratio at which more distant objects decrease in size is constant (ie, graphing the drawn size of a one-foot object versus the distant from viewer will form a straight line).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perspective_(graphical) (3974 words)

	Perspective projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perspective projection is a type of drawing, or rendering, that graphically approximates on a planar (two-dimensional) surface (e.g.
		A perspective projection drawing must be made according to an established geometric protocol.
		All perspectives on a planar surface have some degree of distortion, similar to the distortion created when portraying the earth's surface on a planar map.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perspective_projection (239 words)

	Mathematics and Art
		Leonardo distinguished two different types of perspective: artificial perspective which was the way that the painter projects onto a plane which itself may be seen foreshortened by an observer viewing at an angle; and natural perspective which reproduces faithfully the relative size of objects depending on their distance.
		The phrase "linear perspective" was invented by Taylor in this work and he defined the vanishing point of a line, not parallel to the plane of the picture, as the point where a line through the eye parallel to the given line intersects the plane of the picture.
		The main theorem in Taylor's theory of linear perspective is that the projection of a straight line not parallel to the plane of the picture passes through its intersection and its vanishing point.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Art.html (4272 words)

	Problems in the Perception of Linear Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Thus, one-point perspective is possible when drawing of three-dimensional object in position where the side planes are not visible, or it can be justified, e.g., in depiction of room [13] or townscape where the objects are positioned at a considerable distance from viewer [14].
		In certain types of perspective drawing, the back of the sofa and the edge of the table, which are at right angles to the floorboards, would be drawn along the same horizontal line.
		The essence of problem is that neither in case with the description of laws of perspective construction, nor in explanation of three-point perspective not all of the authors emphasize the significance of location of object toward the field (or cone) of vision.
	www.generativeart.com /papersga2003/b02.htm (3818 words)

	Perspective Lesson for Visual Artists - Nancy Doyle Fine Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Perspective is also a good thing for an artist to learn, even if their work is not concerned with realistic representation, for it teaches students about the element of space in two-dimensional art.
		As it is a mathematical theory, linear perspective is sometimes presented with a technical approach, with formulas and the language of geometry.
		The concept of atmospheric perspective is also described and illustrated, as are the subject areas of perspective in still life, the human figure and landscapes, including foreshortening and viewing circles and cubes in perspective.
	www.ndoylefineart.com /perspbuy.html (983 words)

	What Is Perspective?
		Linear perspective is a mathematical system for projecting the three-dimensional world onto a two-dimensional surface, such as paper or canvas.
		Linear perspective soon emerged as the tool for artists to capture the world around them in a remarkably illusionistic manner (this was the same time that cartographers were mapping the surface of the earth using a similar system of mathematical projection).
		Curvilinear perspective is an alternate to linear perspective.
	www.artic.edu /aic/students/sciarttech/2d1.html (1292 words)

	3 dimensional linear perspective for drawing
		"Exact" means: you can basically produce an image in linear perspective that in foreshortening is the same as a photograph taken of the same scene from the same standpoint from which the image is drawn.
		To be able to draw 3 dimensional foreshortened volume in linear perspective, first imagine the space as a 3 dimensional Cartesian coordinate, i.e.
		Perspective drawing can be said to be the translation of the 3 dimensional volume onto the 2 dimensional plane done from the translator's particular stance.
	www.geocities.com /easternhistory/perspective.html (555 words)

	Exploring Linear Perspective
		Linear perspective is a mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and distance on a flat surface.
		To use linear perspective an artist must first imagine the picture surface as an "open window" through which to see the painted world.
		Straight lines are then drawn on the canvas to represent the horizon and "visual rays" connecting the viewer's eye to a point in the distance.
	www.mos.org /sln/Leonardo/ExploringLinearPerspective.html (312 words)

	handprint : elements of perspective
		Linear perspective is the artist's slide rule, an antique technology that has been replaced by film or digital photography, opaque projectors, and computer assisted design and animation software.
		During the 16th and 17th centuries linear perspective diffused across Europe and was honed through the analysis of specific representational problems: illusionistic frescos, foreshortened human figures, architectural scenery for plays and operas, anamorphic projections, and the visualization of intricate geometrical solids (often realized as engravings or as inlaid wood designs called intarsa).
		By the 18th century perspective was ensconced as a core study in art academies, which turned perspective techniques into a tedious orthodoxy that drove the methods to extinction.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/tech10.html (2433 words)

	Speculations on the Origin of Linear Perspective by Richard Talbot in the Nexus Network Journal vol. 5 no. 1 (Spring ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He does this not by using perspective purely as a device for creating an illusion, but by employing the matrix of constructional lines and the format of a geometric perspective construction as part of the creative and imaginative, image-forming process.
		This, in effect, would create a module that corresponded to the units within the matrix and to which all the other dimensions in the building would then be related.[27] He would then be able to create a real space in which receding elements would appear to coincide with elements from the two-dimensional surface.
		One of these is that the end towards which an invention is directed should be considered desirable, which in the case of linear perspective he identifies as the 'systematic recording of visual phenomena'.
	www.emis.de /journals/NNJ/Talbot-pt03.html (3784 words)

	Geometry in Art & Architecture Unit 11
		The earliest surviving use of linear perspective in art is attributed to Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (1386-1466), called Donatello, who is considered by many to be the greatest sculptor of the early Renaissance in Italy, and perhaps one of the greatest sculptors of all time.
		Perspective is the method of sketching a front with the sides withdrawing into the background, the lines all meeting in the center of a circle.
		Perspective is an example of the geometric operation of projection and section where projection lines from the outline of an object to the eye are sectioned or cut by a picture plane.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~matc/math5.geometry/unit11/unit11.html (2653 words)

	CUIN 7317, The Visual Representation of Information
		A perspective drawing is a representation of a three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional surface.
		In one point perspective, remember that the horizon line exists where the viewer's line of sight is. Also, in one point perspective, all parallel lines which are perpendicular to the horizon line will converge at a point on the horizon line called the vanishing point.
		Perspective drawings possess four major characteristics, which are utilized to portray a sense of space, depth and the third dimension within the limits of a two-dimensional drawing:
	www.coe.uh.edu /courses/cuin7317/students/perspective/perspective_how.html (352 words)

	mike king \| writings \| The Tyranny and Liberation of ThreeSpace
		Linear perspective plays a key role in our perception of the outside world, and the discovery of its mathematical basis was one of the triumphs of the Renaissance.
		Where colour had been subordinated to the task of sculpting three-dimensional objects in linear perspective, and to enhancing the sense of depth with all the cues of aerial or non-linear perspective, it was now free to play a direct role in its impact on the senses and emotions.
		While the development of perspective in Renaissance times is seen as a part of the rationalistic Enlightenment project, by the start of the 20th century it was associated with the subjugation of art to church, and was part of the 'baggage' (Brancusi's term) that had to be thrown off.
	www.jnani.org /mrking/writings/earts/cade99.html (6441 words)

	\| A R T C Y M R U \|
		Perspective is the foundation of most painting practice, even those of us who wish to ignore the profound influence of perspective should understand the the principles of its application.
		Filippo Brunelleschi is now generally credited with 'inventing' linear perspective around 1413, although Giotto's works of the previous century bears witness to a sustained, orderly, and deeply considered attention to the representation of figures and space.
		(2) Edgerton S.Y.Jr., 'The Renaissance Rediscovery of Linear Perspective' p.XV.
	www.welshartsarchive.org.uk /perspect1.htm (607 words)

	Descarte sand Linear Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Perspective in painting projects a plane onto its object of study and creates a one-to-one correspondence between points on the plane and points on the canvas.
		The interest in a coordinate system and in bodies in a "general sense" developed through linear perspective corresponds to Descartes founding of a coordinate system for mathematics and his translation of corporeal bodies into geometric figures.
		The spacing of space founded by linear perspective and Cartesian philosophy facilitate technology's transformation of nature into an object to be possessed.
	www.lcc.gatech.edu /~broglio/1102/desc_paint.html (1102 words)

	Design Notes: Perspective
		It was in Europe during the Renaissance that the concept of linear perspective was finally formalized.
		Linear perspective is a system for drawing objects that use lines and vanishing points to determine how much an object's apparent size changes with space.
		Linear perspective makes more distant details too small to see but it is low contrast that tends to flatten distant objects.
	daphne.palomar.edu /design/space2.html (1954 words)

	Sanford & A Lifetime of Color: Study Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Perspective is a technique for representing three-dimensional space on a flat surface.
		Linear perspective is based on the way the human eye sees the world—objects which are closer appear larger, and more distant objects appear smaller.
		In one-point perspective, the forms are seen face on and are drawn to a single vanishing point.
	www.sanford-artedventures.com /study/g_perspective.html (149 words)

	perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1527, the year of Machiavelli's death, Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (which was neither holy, nor Roman, nor much of an empire!!) sacked, raped, and partially destroyed Rome, which fell on hard days until the Counter-Reformation and the beginning of the Baroque Era brought revival late in the century.
		The theory of perspective was entirely an application of Euclidean plane and solid geometry, with a bit of trigonometry and knowledge of the so-called conic sections thrown in.
		Linear perspective "elevated the craft of painting to the level of a mathematical science; it rationalized and systematized the visible world, giving man yet another means of simplifying, understanding, and thereby controlling the world around him" (Art of the Western World, Study Guide, p.
	unr.edu /homepage/nickles/wthonors/perspective.htm (2809 words)

	Perspective Texturemapping
		Linear texturemappers are in common use in the demos of today.
		The method which now will be described relies on the fact that 1/z, u/z and v/z are linear in screen space, and thus can be interpolated linearly without any errors (except for accuracy errors, of course).
		"a is a linear function of xyz" means that linear (constant-velocity) motion along the xyz axes will translate into linear motion along a's coordinate axis.
	www.lysator.liu.se /~mikaelk/doc/perspectivetexture (1172 words)

	handprint : advanced perspective techniques
		The simplest method for transferring the figure into perspective is to make a drawing from life, or trace a photograph, that shows the figure in the correct pose and from the correct point of view to match its orientation in the master drawing.
		In this context, curvilinear perspective seems in some ways to be a conservative reaction, an attempt to bridge the inescapable divide between seeing and knowing by altering the assumptions of three dimensional knowing and complicating the perspective rules of two dimensional seeing.
		The visual experience is accurately captured by a single linear perspective drawing seen from the correct viewpoint and from a single direction of view, because the sides of the drawing are farther from the eye than the center, which creates the necessary visual tapering.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/perspect5.html (6727 words)

	Art and Linear Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		rt and Linear Perspective was orginally taught as a two-week unit in Art 100, Image and Environment, a team-taught introduction to the history of art.
		One lesson here is that the dramaturgy of perspective pictures, which at their best involve the viewer in the "scene" that is seemingly taking place on the other side of the pictorial threshold, is fragile and can be spoiled whenever a viewer veers away from the intended observation point.
		William Hogath's False Perspective (1754) actually makes a joke of it all, as clapboard on one building recede to a different vanishing point from another building, or, a man is seen standing on brick pavement that has parallel line that expand as they move into space, creating a topsy-turvy world.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/rschwart/mac/perspective/index.shtml (989 words)

	Mathematics of Perspective Drawing
		Perspective transformations have the property that parallel lines on the object are mapped to pencils of lines passing through a fixed point in the drawing plane.
		The usual construction is to draw a square around the circle, and then project the perspective view of the square by finding its edges using the vanishing points and measuring points, the center by drawing the diagonals, and then sketching the projected circle by drawing it tangent to the projected square.
		If two artists make perspective drawings of the same object, their drawings will not be the same, for example because different parts of the object will be closer to each of the the two artists.
	www.math.utah.edu /~treiberg/Perspect/Perspect.htm (5252 words)

	Perspective Drawing 1 - Linear and Aerial Perspective
		For 500 years it remained one of the basic principles of Western art until it was challenged by the ideas of the Cubists at the start of the 20th century.
		Whether you are working with conventional materials such as pencils and paints, or contemporary digital media, a knowledge and understanding of perspective drawing is an essential tool to help enhance your drawing technique.
		However linear perspective will be our main focus of study in the rest of this unit on perspective drawing.
	www.artyfactory.com /perspective_drawing/perspective_1.htm (264 words)

	Publications on Drawing in Perspective
		Linear Perspective: Its history, directions for construction, and aspects in the environment and in the fine arts, by Willy A. Bärtschi, 1981.
		Linear Perspective: Its history, directions for construction, and aspects in the environment and in the fine arts
		If the station point is too close to the picture plane, the perspective view becomes overly "distorted"; to prevent this, use the "cone of vision".
	www.lems.brown.edu /vision/people/leymarie/Refs/VisualArt/DrawPerspective.html (565 words)

	Linear Perspective, Introduction
		Linear perspective is at its essence an attempt to depict light.
		That most conceptual of visual art inventions, the picture plane, one of three fundamentals of perspective, is based on the descriptions of optical vision by Al Hazen in his Treatise on Optics.
		A Latin translation of this can be found in the Vatican Library with marginal notes by Ghiberti, one of several founders of the Quattrocento Perspectivi.
	mysite.verizon.net /vze52bnf/id17.html (189 words)

	Linear Perspective
		In 1992, we identified the teaching of linear perspective in Drawing I and II as an area that could profit from computer technology.
		We used Macromedia Action 2.5 to construct 4 different tutorials covering every aspect of linear perspective from basic one-point perspective to the perspective of shadows and reflections.
		Tutorial 1 covers one-point perspective, tutorial 2 covers two and three-point perspective-- including the perspective of inclined planes, tutorial 3 covers the perspective of shadows and reflections, and tutorial 4 is a demonstration of the construction of a room in perspective.
	www.howardcc.edu /arts_and_humanities/perspect.htm (292 words)

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