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Topic: Linear polarization

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Circular polarization

Polarization

Phased array

Radar

Doppler

World War II

Pulse Repetition Frequency

	Polarization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The property of (linear) birefringence is widespread in crystalline minerals, and indeed was pivotal in the initial discovery of polarization.
		Polarization is principally of importance in chemistry due to the circular dichroism and "optical rotation" (circular birefringence) exhibited by optically active (chiral) molecules.
		Related to the sky compass is the "polar clock", invented by Charles Wheatstone in the late 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polarization (3951 words)

	Polarization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In electrodynamics, polarization is a property of waves, such as light and other electromagnetic radiation.
		All radio transmitters and receivers are intrinsically polarized, special use of which is made in radar.
		Sky polarization has been exploited in the "", which was used in the 1950s when navigating near the poles of the Earth's magnetic field when neither the sun nor stars were visible (e.g.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Polarization (2803 words)

	Polarization of Light
		Beside linear polarization, light can also be circularly and elliptically polarized; in which electric field vector rotates in a helical path as it moves forward.
		Linear polarizers such as Polaroid plates are used for producing linearly polarized light.
		When two polarizers are crossed for minimum light, place a 3rd polarizer between the two, rotate this polarizer and observe the light intensity on the photometer for various angles and, record its value of light output and the angle for maximum light output.
	www2.potsdam.edu /PHYS/islamma/Phys305LightPolarization.html (569 words)

	Linear polarization resistance measurement
		The Linear polarization resistance technique measures corrosion-rate continuously in real-time, from a probe permanently installed in the corrosive fluid.
		Linear polarization instrumentation converts the current measured to corrosion rate readings in mils per year (mpy).
		All Cortest Linear polarization resistance probes are used in conjunction with a set of three screw-on electrodes.
	www.cortest.com /polar.htm (668 words)

	IRAF/STECF imaging linear polarimetry simulation and reduction package
		In addition there can be substantial instrumental effects such as non-perfect polarizers and reflections which require to be considered in combining the input images to accurately measure and map linear polarization and its position angle.
		The polarization variation is specified by a power law and the position angles are orinted at right angles to the direction to the centre (centro-symmetric situation).
		Polarization vector map of the bipolar reflection nebula CRL 2688 ("Cygnus Egg"), which surrounds an AGB star, overlaid on the Stokes I image.
	www.stecf.org /~jwalsh/softpol (669 words)

	[No title]
		The performance of the polarimeter in astronomical observations was tested by simultaneously measuring the linear polarization of the J = 2--1 transition of SiO in the v = 0 and 1 states at 86 GHz toward VY Canis Majoris.
		The observation revealed that the J = 2--1 emission in the v = 0 state of the object is highly linear polarized, which suggests that the emission originates through maser action in the circumstellar region.
		In observing linear polarization, this error introduced a 2% uncertainty in measuring the degree of polarization P, which means 100% linear polarized radiation is observed to be P=98%, using the system.
	www.cv.nrao.edu /~awootten/mmaimcal/widgetpolzn.txt (1711 words)

	Experiment 8: Polarization
		The polarization direction is indicated by a mark near the exit aperture.
		The polarization properties of light are changed upon reflection from a surface, as dictated by the Fresnel equations of reflection.
		Note that the large aperture polarizers are free to rotate within their mounts; be careful not to rotate the polarizer unintentionally.
	www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr /~ee428/manual/html/node12.html (941 words)

	POLARIZATION
		The polarization of an electromagnetic wave is defined as the orientation of the electric field vector.
		The polarization is described by the geometric figure traced by the electric field vector upon a stationary plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation, as the wave travels through that plane.
		Linear polarization may be further classified as being vertical, horizontal, or slant.
	www.kyes.com /antenna/navy/polarization/polariza.htm (992 words)

	Generalized Faraday rotation
		Figure: (a) The Poincaré sphere, with the circular polarizations indicated at the poles and the linear polarizations at the equator; (b) the parameters
		For linearly polarized modes the axis defined by the two modes is in the equatorial plane of the Poincaré sphere.
		It is apparent from this example that if the wave modes are elliptical or linear, then radiation that is initially linearly polarized develops a circularly polarized component as the polarization changes in a periodic manner along the ray path (e.g., Pacholczyk and Swihart 1970).
	www.atnf.csiro.au /pasa/15_2/kennett/paper/node2.html (822 words)

	Myths and truths about polarized sunglasses and glare
		Although the light from the sun is not polarized, it can be separated into two polarized components that are reflected and transmitted in different amounts by the surface of the water (Fresnel laws).
		The polarized sunglasses used by fishermen have polarized filters with the transmission axis oriented vertically to block the light reflected by the water surface.
		The rule is that the polarization is tangential to a circle centered on the sun.
	www.polarization.com /water/water.html (1260 words)

	Haidinger's brush: the unknown sense
		Thus, horizontal polarization causes a vertical (with respect to the ground) yellow brush irrespective of the inclination of the head.
		The way of distinguishing between circular polarized light and slanted linearly polarized light is, of course, to lean the head sidewise and note if the brush is fixed with respect to the source of light or to the eyes.
		Alternatively, if only one polarizer handedness is available, you can replace the second one by a linear polarizer oriented to produce the opposite brush and thus enhance the contrast of the first brush.
	www.polarization.com /haidinger/haidinger.html (1697 words)

	MMA Memo #208 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Calibration of interferometers with circularly polarized feeds is only weakly affected by the polarization of typical calibrators whereas interferometers using linearly polarized feeds suffers from significant coupling of calibrator polarization and the determination of gains.
		Short term variations in polarization channel phase offsets mix total intensity and linear polarization in interferometers with linearly polarized feeds and total intensity and circular polarization with circularly polarized feeds.
		Linearly polarized feeds require a wide range of parallactic angle for the determination of the calibrator linear polarization.
	www.alma.nrao.edu /memos/html-memos/abstracts/abs208.html (270 words)

	Linear polarization filter for Mamiya 645
		The lightmeter should work okay with a linear polarizer as long as it does not use a beamsplitter in the optical path to the detector.
		Polarizer's are usually used to darken skies, so if you want the sky darker than a midtone you will need to use your judgement and compensate accordingly.
		Hi, Tom I extensively use polarizers of both kind (sometimes I find strange that lenses are made or sold without :-) and I've never had a metering problem with linear polarizers, nor with my dismissed 35mm Nikon F4 (matrix meter), nor with my actual RZ with AEII prism finder (center weighted/spot or both).
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=001tut (252 words)

	Light and Polarization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If two polarizers are set up in series so that their optical axes are parallel, light passes through both.
		Consider two light waves, one polarized in the YZ plane and the other in the XY plane.
		If the waves reach their maximum and minimum points at the same time (they are in phase), their vector sum leads to one wave, linearly polarized at 45 degrees.
	plc.cwru.edu /tutorial/enhanced/files/lc/light/light.htm (564 words)

	Catalogue of Polarization Measurements and Related Data of Extragalactic Radio Sources
		Linear extrapolation of the angle of polarization at wavelength = 0 cm, in degrees.
		The polarization index PI(*) is defined as a power law analogous to the spectral index for the flux density measurements.
		The Catalog of Polarization Measurements and Related Data of Extragalactic Radio Sources was sent to the Astronomical Data Center (ADC), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, by the Centre de Donnees Astronomiques, Strasbourg (CDS), in July 1980.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /niagara/data/nasa/7006.xml (1347 words)

	Polarization Movies
		Polarization is a description of how the direction of the electric field vector changes with time at a fixed point in space.
		File Size: 202 KB The x- and y-components of the electric field have the same magnitude and are oscillating 90 degrees out-of-phase.
		File Size: 201 KB The x- and y-components of the electric field have the same magnitude but are oscillating 45 degrees out-of-phase, which makes it elliptically polarized instead of circularly or linear.
	www.ee.iastate.edu /~hsiu/descriptions/polar.html (336 words)

	HSTPOLIMA (V1.00) --- April99 --- HSTPOLIMA (V1.00) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The polarizer and or colour filter name in the header is matched with values found in the instpoltab table file and these are used to set the instrument specific polarization parameters required to compute the Stokes parameter and linear polarization data.
		FOC polarization data usually consist of a set of three images taken at the three rotation angles of the polarizer of 0, 60 and 120 degrees at approximately the same orientation (ORIENTAT).
		NICMOS polarization data usually consist of a set of three images taken at the three rotation angles of the polarizer which are close to 0, 120 and 240 degrees (depending on the polarizer used short (S) or long wavelength (L)) at a similar ORIENTAT.
	ecf.hq.eso.org /software/stecf-iraf/impol/hstpolima.help.html (1252 words)

	test.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		polarized perpendicular to the plane of the scattering
		This is why polarized sunglasses reduce the glare from reflection.
		If the incoming radiation from the left and top are of equal intensity, the result is no polarization in the outgoing direction.
	background.uchicago.edu /~whu/intermediate/Polarization/polar1.html (159 words)

	[2.54] H$\alpha$ Linear Polarization Observations of Solar Flares: The Search for Proton Beams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One such distinguishing emission is the production of linear polarization in the core of the H\alpha emission line during the impulsive phase of a solar flare.
		This linear polarization is produced as accelerated, directed, protons collide with ambient hydrogen atoms in the solar chromosphere.
		The geometry of the situation is such that the linear polarization should be strongest at the limb of the Sun and vanish at disk center, while the orientation of the polarization should always be along the line between the flare location and disk center.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v32n2/spd2000/86.htm (306 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 355, 1168-1180 (2000)
		The polarization profiles appear to be antisymmetric, with the sense of circular polarization being changed at the pulse centre.
		Such frequency evolution of the antisymmetric polarization profiles is compatible with the observed one (see, e.g., the frequency sets of V-profiles for PSR 1451-68 and PSR 1857-26 in Rankin 1983).
		The polarization of normal waves originating in the magnetospheric plasma is certainly connected with the local orientation of the magnetic field.
	aa.springer.de /papers/0355003/2301168/sc3.htm (3103 words)

	Linear Polarization
		If linearly polarized light goes through a second polaroid sheet (called the "analyzer" when it comes second), only the component of the amplitude along the new axis is transmitted.
		Here "component" means in the sense of linear algebra: project the polarization direction of the light perpendicularly onto the new axis.
		In particular, if A is 0 degrees, meaning the polarizer and analyzer have their axes in the same direction, then all of the polarized light goes through the analyzer, and if A is 90 degrees, meaing the polarizer and analyzer are "crossed", then none of the polarized light goes through the analyzer.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~mpeterso/classes/phys301/geomopti/polar.html (1053 words)

	Linear Polarization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This little note is based on discussions with Adam Szczepaniak, Jeff Gunter and others and is my understanding of why the need for linear polarization in Hall D. There are others who understand the subtleties of spin analysis far better than I do - so this is a 'layman's understanding" of the problem.
		The classic paper by Schilling et al that many of us refer to makes the statement that in photo-producing vector states linear polarization allows one to isolate natural and unnatural parity exchanges.
		But if you have x - polarized photons the amplitude is the difference of the m = +1 and m = -1 or just the ampltidue for the unnatural parity exchange and if you have y-polarized photons you have the sum which is the ampltidue for the natural parity exchange.
	dustbunny.physics.indiana.edu /~dzierba/Linear (415 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 360, 777-788 (2000)
		Furthermore, the measured angular distributions of the degree of linear polarization for unpolarized incident light is compared with observational data of comets and asteroids in Sect.
		7 (left panel) the maximum polarization of olivine sample S increases with wavelength, because the polarization contributed by the small particles increases due to more Rayleigh-like scattering, while the polarization contributed by the large particles changes little, because the value of k is very small for olivine.
		Thus, for the Allende sample, the increase in polarization for the small particles is, apparently compensated by the decrease in polarization for the larger particles.
	aa.springer.de /papers/0360002/2300777/sc4.htm (2040 words)

	whittet92 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ABSTRACT:New observations of the wavelength dependence of interstellar linear polarization, p(lambda), which were performed to investigate the influence of the environment on the effective size distribution of the aligned polarizing particles, are presented.
		The contention that variations of K and lambda-max are correlated is confirmed, and the empirical linear relationship between K and lambda-max found by Wilking et al.
		The same linear dependence of K on l-max seen overall provides a consistent representation of the systematic polarization in changes within individual regions with rather differing environments.
	www.cita.utoronto.ca /~mamd/BIB/whittet92.html (199 words)

	MEASURING LINEAR POLARIZATION OF REAL PHOTONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A survey of known methods of analyzing linear polarization of high-energy photons is presented.
		The method of measurement of photon linear polarization using azimuthal asymmetry of the recoil electrons from pair photoproduction on electron (triplet photoproduction process) is considered in details.
		Possibility of using CLAS for the measurement of linear photon polarization by analyzing the recoil-electron distribution in triplet photoproduction process (when shielding magnet is turned off) is considered.
	fizika.hfd.hr /fizika_b/bv99/b8p101.htm (133 words)

	Classification of Polarization
		Circularly polarized light consists of two perpendicular electromagnetic plane waves of equal amplitude and 90° difference in phase.
		Circularly polarized light may be produced by passing linearly polarized light through a quarter-wave plate at an angle of 45° to the optic axis of the plate.
		Elliptically polarized light consists of two perpendicular waves of unequal amplitude which differ in phase by 90°.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/phyopt/polclas.html (272 words)

	Dual Band
		It is linear polarized in S-band and has two orthogonal circular ports in C-band.
		It is linear polarized in S-band and has one linear port in Ku-band.
		The polarizations of the C-band and Ku-band port are remotely changed using a standard, patented probe servo motor.
	www.seaveyantenna.com /catalog/p84/pg84_86.htm (559 words)

	Semiconductor photosensors of the linear-polarization radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The polarization is related to the main characteristic of optical radiation.
		However, all world produced semiconductor photosensors are "blind" to the polarization state of the optical radiation that limits the application possibility in up-to-date optoelectronics using polarization radiation.
		The high effective semiconductor photosensors with the polarization quantum efficiency 0.2 A/Wt·grad at 300 K have been made in A.F.Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute.
	www.ioffe.rssi.ru /RT/IWRFRI2000/b17p.html (246 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A general quantitative description is given of the bremsstrahlung linear polarization on the basis of experimental data and theoretical calculations.
		Theoretical estimates of the polarization were calculated from the SommerfeldKirkpatrick-Wiedmann results for the non-relativistic energy region, the Olson-Maximon results for the extreme relativistic energy region, and the GlucksternHull (Born approximation) results for the intermediate energy region.
		Results are expressed in terms of the peak polarization and the corresponding peak angle as a function of the electron and photon energies.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4192279 (248 words)

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