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Topic: Linezolid

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	Linezolid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linezolid (INN) (IPA: [lɪˈnɛzəlɪd]) is a synthetic antibiotic, the first of the oxazolidinone class, used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
		Linezolid is a weak monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and cannot be used with tyramine containing foods or pseudoephedrine.
		Linezolid is toxic to mitochondria (probably because of the similarity between mitochondrial and bacterial ribosomes).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linezolid (368 words)

	Linezolid - an oxazolidinone antibiotic
		This is the molecule of linezolid - Zyvox
		In humans, approximately 30% of a linezolid dose is excreted in the urine as the parent drug [19].
		It is known that linezolid is a weak and nonselective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase [27], yet no cardiovascular events associated with this action were observed.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /motm/linezolid/linezolid.htm (1197 words)

	Zyvox 600 mg Film-Coated Tablets, 100 mg/5 ml Granules for Oral Suspension, 2 mg/ml Solution for Infusion , SPC from ...
		Linezolid reversibly decreased fertility and induced abnormal sperm morphology in adult male rats at exposure levels approximately equal to those expected in humans; possible effects of linezolid on the human male reproductive system are not known (see section 5.3).
		Linezolid is a synthetic, antibacterial agent that belongs to a new class of antimicrobials, the oxazolidinones.
		Linezolid is primarily metabolised by oxidation of the morpholine ring resulting mainly in the formation of two inactive open-ring carboxylic acid derivatives; the aminoethoxyacetic acid metabolite (PNU-142300) and the hydroxyethyl glycine metabolite (PNU-142586).
	emc.medicines.org.uk /emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=9857 (5178 words)

	Howstuffworks "Linezolid: A Profile of an Antibiotic"
		Linezolid is an antibiotic that is used to treat a variety of serious or difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
		To prevent this, it is very important to avoid foods that are high in tyramine (including foods that are aged, fermented, pickled, or smoked to increase their flavor, such as cheeses; air-dried, fermented, or smoked fish, meat, or poultry; sauerkraut; soy sauce; red wine; or tap beer).
		It is important to continue to take linezolid for the entire time prescribed by your doctor (usually five to ten days), even if the symptoms disappear before the end of that period.
	health.howstuffworks.com /define-linezolid.htm (1134 words)

	Linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin: novel antibiotics for gram-positive infections of the skin Journal of Drugs in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Oxazolidinones, and specifically linezolid, are theorized to act by inhibiting the initiation phase of translation and thus interfering with bacterial protein synthesis (4).
		Linezolid is bacteriostatic against most susceptible organisms, but has shown bactericidal activity against Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, and some strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (10).
		Linezolid is currently FDA-approved for the treatment of various Gram-positive infections, including nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonias, complicated and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infections.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PDG/is_4_2/ai_106732267 (771 words)

	Infectious Disease News - Be aware of serotonin syndrome when giving linezolid
		Linezolid is gaining popularity for use in skin and skin structure infections and health care–associated pneumonia.
		The interaction with linezolid and the SSRIs is now classified as a “major” drug interaction (interaction that is significant and has supportive documentation) by most of the vendors of drug interaction screening programs used by inpatient and outpatient pharmacies.
		A more practical approach may be to begin linezolid to a stable SSRI regimen and for the prescriber and patient to be alert to the early symptoms of serotonin syndrome (cognitive and behavioral changes and autonomic instability).
	www.infectiousdiseasenews.com /200412/pharmconsult.asp (850 words)

	Linezolid is the first of a new class of antibiotics - Tips - oxazolidinone antibiotics American Family Physician - ...
		Linezolid is metabolized by oxidation, and its pharmacokinetic characteristics are not affected by renal or hepatic dysfunction.
		Linezolid is currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in treating, among others, the following infections: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia caused by penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus, and skin infections caused by S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
		However, the cost per dose for linezolid is relatively high: approximately $53 for one 600-mg oral dose and $72 for a 600-mg intravenous dosing vial.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_1_68/ai_104620051 (595 words)

	IDSA: Linezolid Equivalent To Vancomycin In Treating Neonates, Children \
		Of those patients clinically evaluable, 89.3 percent of linezolid patients were clear of infection compared with 84.5 percent of the vancomycin patients; of the patients who underwent microbiological evaluation, 88.2 percent of linezolid patients and 87 percent of vancomycin patients were disease-free.
		With linezolid, he said, neonates are a lot like adults in metabolism of linezolid until their kidneys are developed, then they act like children.
		In the intention to treat analysis, 77.5 percent of the linezolid babies were cures of their infections, compared with 61.1 percent of the vancomycin-treated children.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/014FD1ED27B1182685256C60006104CD (695 words)

	ACS :: Cancer Drug Guide: linezolid
		Linezolid is an antibiotic that belongs to a group of drugs called oxazolidinones, a new class of antibiotics.
		Linezolid is used to treat gram–positive organisms, especially those that are resistant to other antibiotics such as vancomycin.
		Linezolid is a pill or liquid taken by mouth with an 8 oz glass of water twice a day for 10 to 14 days.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CDG/content/CDG_linezolid.asp (553 words)

	linezolid - Hartford, Connecticut CT
		Linezolid is used to treat different types of bacterial infections, such pneumonia and skin infections caused by bacteria.
		Linezolid is often used to treat infections that may not respond to other antibiotics.
		Linezolid is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether linezolid will be harmful to an unborn baby.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /19136.cfm (1548 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Linezolid is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak plasma concentrations within 1 to 2 hours and having a mean absolute bioavailability of 100%(2).
		coli, Kleb-siella pneumoniae and Proteus are not susceptible to Linezolid.
		Linezolid is an excellent alternative to vancomycin for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including ventilator associated pneumonia(6,7).
	www.indianpediatrics.net /nov2004/nov-1129-1132.htm (1450 words)

	Mayo Clinic Proceedings
		Linezolid is the first drug in a new class of synthetic antimicrobials, the oxazolidinones, to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
		Linezolid is the first drug in a new class of synthetic antimicrobials, the oxazolidinones, to receive approval from the Food and Drug Administration.
		Linezolid is a new synthetic antimicrobial agent that has clinical utility in the treatment of infections due to aerobic gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains.
	www.mayoclinicproceedings.com /inside.asp?AID=599&UID= (2322 words)

	In Vitro Activity of Linezolid against Key Gram-Positive Organisms Isolated in the United States: Results of the LEADER ...
		The modal linezolid MIC was 2 µg/ml for all three populations.
		faecium, the modal linezolid MIC of 2 µg/ml is
		Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: characterization and stability of resistant phenotype.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/49/12/5024 (3124 words)

	Linezolid (Systemic)
		Linezolid (li-NE-zoh-lid) belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics.
		Linezolid can lower the number of white blood cells in your blood temporarily, increasing the chance of getting an infection.
		To avoid this, do not eat large amounts of foods or drink beverages that have a high tyramine content (most common in foods that are aged, fermented, pickled, or smoked to increase their flavor, such as aged cheeses; air-dried, fermented, or smoked fish, meat, or poultry; sauerkraut; soy sauce; red wine; or tap beer.
	allnutritionals.com /drugs/l/linezolid-systemic.shtml (1164 words)

	Linezolid is superior treatment for drug-resistant pneumonia
		Linezolid was about 15 percent more effective in eradicating the infection than vancomycin (49 percent versus 34 percent), and overall survival rates in this population were marginally better with linezolid compared with vancomycin.
		In this group, linezolid was more than 40 percent more effective in curing the infection (60 percent were cured with linezolid compared to 22 percent with vancomycin).
		Patients treated with linezolid were more than 22 percent more likely to survive than those given vancomycin (84 percent survived with linezolid versus 62 percent with vancomycin).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-03/wuso-lis030204.php (698 words)

	Zyvox - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest
		Linezolid kills or stops the growth of certain bacteria that cause certain infections.
		Linezolid is used to treat infections of the skin, bone, blood, lung and respiratory tract, and other tissues.
		Linezolid can interact with certain foods that contain tyramine to produce severe headaches, a rise in blood pressure, or irregular heart beat.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,5004\|Zyvox,00.html (756 words)

	CDC - Clinical Failures of Linezolid and Implications for the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory
		Initial susceptibility of the MRSA isolate to linezolid was not obtained; however, a previous case report described success in treating MRSA and VRE bacteremia in a patient with MRI (magnetic resonance imagery)–confirmed vertebral osteomyelitis as the primary focus for infection (3).
		Patient 2’s treatment was changed from empiric vancomycin to linezolid for VRE bacteremia without linezolid being part of her initial susceptibility data.
		In a published case series involving linezolid for 15 patients with VRE infections, mortality was noted to be very high at long-term followup (6).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol8no12/02-0139.htm (1518 words)

	Linezolid
		Linezolid may have an effect on the bone marrow.
		This medicine is used to treat a variety of infections including skin infections, pneumonias, and blood infections.
		Linezolid inhibits the bacteria from multiplying and in some cases will kill the bacteria.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsDrugs/Linezolidcd.html (546 words)

	Linezolid - Patient UK
		Linezolid is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections by killing or stopping the growth of the bacteria responsible.
		Linezolid is particularly useful for treating infections which are resistant to other antibiotics.
		Linezolid is available in tablet, oral solution and injection form.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/30003708 (894 words)

	Linezolid(Systemic) - [Medication] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Linezolid is used to treat infections of the blood, lungs, and skin.
		The liquid form of linezolid should be gently mixed by turning the bottle upside down 3 to 5 times before each dose.
		To help keep the amount constant, linezolid must be given on a regular schedule.
	www.luhs.org /HEALTH/kbase/htm/mdx-/drde/5001/65/mdx-drde500165.htm (1335 words)

	Texas Medicaid Vendor Drug Program, Linezolid (Zyvox®) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Linezolid, a synthetic oxazolidinone antibacterial agent structurally unrelated to other available anti-infectives, is indicated for use in the management of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, nosocomial pneumonia caused by susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive and-resistant strains) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only), community-acquired pneumonia caused by susceptible strains of S.
		Linezolid is a reversible, nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
		Linezolid inhibits sympathomimetic metabolism as evidenced by increases in pseudoephedrine plasma concentrations and area under the curve (AUC).
	www.hhsc.state.tx.us /HCF/vdp/Criteria/zyvox.html (454 words)

	Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from a Cord Blood Transplant Recipient -- Dibo et al. 42 (4): 1843 ...
		Multicenter assessment of the linezolid spectrum and activity using the disk diffusion and Etest methods: report of the Zyvox (R) antimicrobial potency study in Latin America (LA-ZAPS).
		Gene dosage and linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
		Resistance to linezolid: characterization of mutations in rRNA and comparison of their occurrences in vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/4/1843 (1437 words)

	Zyvox (Linezolid) Drug Brief / RxPalace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Linezolid is effective against many aerobic gram-positive organisms including Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant strains), Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains), and Streptococcus pyogenes.
		Linezolid is approved for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, nosocomial pneumonia, complicated and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and community-acquired pneumonia.
		The mechanism of action of linezolid involves binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit, thereby preventing the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex.
	www.rxpalace.com /DrugBriefs/Zyvox.htm (272 words)

	Molecular Detection of Linezolid Resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis by Use of 5' Nuclease ...
		Recombination proficiency influences frequency and locus of mutational resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis.
		Linezolid (PNU-100766) versus vancomycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.
		Linezolid resistance in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/11/5327 (2347 words)

	UIC College of Pharmacy Drug Information Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Zyvox, also known as linezolid, is an oxazolidinone antibiotic indicated for the treatment of vancomycin-resistent Enterococcus (VRE), nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia caused by methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and uncomplicated/complicated skin infections.
		This reaction may manifest as confusion, delirium, restlessness, and/or tremors. Recently, several case reports of serotonin syndrome have been published in patients who were concurrently taking linezolid and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). A summary of these cases is presented in the table.
		One week after initiating linezolid therapy, the patient had alterations in mental status. At week 3, the patient developed an elevation in blood pressure, confusion, and tremors.
	www.uic.edu /pharmacy/services/di/SSRIzyvox.htm (351 words)

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