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Topic: Linguistic competence

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	ETHNOLINGUISTIC NOTE 40
		But contemporary linguistic theory assumes otherwise.One of the cornerstones of contemporary theory is the assumption that to learn a language is to construct a grammar (here understood as including a lexicon--i.e., to construct a linguistic description) of the language.
		Linguistic description is the primary concern of linguistic theory, where the central problem might be described as that of determining the characteristics of the ideal linguistic description--its formal and substantive properties.
		But if traditional linguistic descriptions do not fit natural linguistic competence, neither can they be said to fit the sum of natural plus cultural linguistic competence, because there is no reason to imagine that the contribution to linguistic competence made by other cultures is necessarily at all similar to that made by the monoculture.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~grace/eln40.html (4734 words)

	Asian EFL Journal: English Language Teaching and Research Articles
		Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-hearer, in a completely homogeneous speech community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory limitations, distractions, shifts of attention and interest, errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in actual performance (Chomsky, 1965, p.
		Hymes` other motive for his development of the theory of communicative competence on the criticism that Chomsky`s linguistic competence is a limitation in perspective is his consideration that the acquisition of competence for use can be stated in the same way as the acquisition of competence for grammar.
		There is, however, good evidence that competence for use is not part of the same developmental matrix as competence for grammar and that the acquisition of the competence for use cannot be stated in the same terms as acquisition of competence for grammar.
	www.asian-efl-journal.com /September_05_ac.php (2306 words)

	Knowledge, Competence And Communication
		Strategic competence consists of verbal and non-verbal strategies of communication that may be employed to compensate for communication breakdown attributable to “performance variables or to insufficient competence.” Communication strategies are of two kinds: those that are relevant, mainly to grammatical competence and those that relate more to socio - linguistic competence.
		And while they state that they have examined linguistic competence, found its scope to be too narrow and resorted to devising a broad version within which it is included, inclusion is not logically admissible.
		Linguistic imperialism alters, in subtle fashion, the expectations, and attitudes of persons who are impeded from appreciating and actualising the full potential of indigenous languages.
	radicalpedagogy.icaap.org /content/issue3_3/2-walcott.ixml (10485 words)

	Language theory and language technology; competence and performance.
		We thus see a complementary relation between theoretical linguistics and language technology; the theory is concerned, often in an informal way, with the general structure of linguistic competence and Universal Grammar; in language technology one tries to specify, in complete formal detail, descriptively adequate grammars of individual languages.
		The competence consists in the knowledge of language which the language user in principle has; the performance is the result of the psychological process that employs this knowledge (in producing or in interpreting language utterances).
		Linguistic research which is committed to this interesting but very difficult implementation environment does not do justice, therefore, to the potential of the statistical perspective on cognition, which emphasizes data and perception rather than rules and reasoning.
	iaaa.nl /rs/LeerdamE.html (6101 words)

	Neurolinguistics of bilingualism and the teaching of languages
		The grammars that linguists attempt to construct are systems inferred from the systematic verbal behavior of speakers, but they have no way to know whether these constructs remotely resemble the actual computational procedures activated to generate sentences.
		Linguistic competence is used automatically in that it is not under conscious control: speakers could not control something of which they were not aware.
		Thus, whereas deficits in implicit linguistic competence have long been commonly referred to as aphasia (or, more etymologically accurate, and still current in British English, dysphasia) there was no label to refer to impairments in the ability to infer what is meant from the contexts in which something is said.
	www.semioticon.com /virtuals/talks/paradis_txt.htm (2407 words)

	[No title]
		Hymes criticizes such a statement of linguistic theory as irrelevant as far as the language problems of disadvantaged children are concerned: From the standpoint of the children we seek to understand and help such a statement may seem almost a declaration of irrelevance.
		Competence for use and competence for grammar Hymes` other motive for his development of the theory of communicative competence on the criticism that Chomsky’s linguistic competence is a limitation in perspective is his consideration that the acquisition of competence for use can be stated in the same way as the acquisition of competence for grammar.
		The theory of communicative competence has been taken as an aim within the communicative approach, an aim of making a non-native communicatively competent in the target language. It also presented an understanding of the language content to be used in the selection and grading of language items to be taught and learned.
	www.asian-efl-journal.com /sept_05_ac.doc (2399 words)

	Cultural/Linguistic Competence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cultural competence is a dynamic, ongoing, developmental process that requires a long-term commitment and is achieved over time.
		MCH training projects address issues of cultural competency by including cultural competence training in the curriculum, administrative procedures, faculty and staff development, and recruiting and retaining racially and ethnically diverse faculty and students.
		The goal of the series is to increase the capacity of DRTE-funded programs to incorporate principles and practices of cultural and linguistic competence into all aspects of their leadership training.
	www.mchb.hrsa.gov /training/gl_culturallinguisticcompetence.asp (409 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Linguistic competence - the capacity of an organization and its personnel to effectively communicate with persons of limited English proficiency, those who are illiterate or have low literacy skills, and individuals with disabilities.
		This month's EPA Topic of Interest cites two rationale for the provision of linguistically competent services in primary health care which are: (1) to effectively serve linguistically diverse populations, and (2) to comply with statutory requirements regarding equal access to persons with limited English proficiency (LEP).
		Professional development activities should assist dental faculty to understand, articulate and advance the role of cultural and linguistic competence in teaching models, clinical skills, critical inquiry and research, and advocacy for underserved populations.
	www3.georgetown.edu /research/gucchd/nccc/topic2.html (1090 words)

	Scott Sommers' Taiwan Weblog : Linguistic Competence versus Communicative Competence
		Although communicative competence is not the term used by Dr. Krashen, it is the one generally used in discussions of this sort, and its use creates a number of problems for my understanding.
		Communicative competence, on the other hand, includes linguistic/formal/grammatical competence(knowledge of grammar, phonology, etc.), sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence and competence in communication strategies.
		I think though that communicative competence is a very useful concept in discussing language teaching despite the problems of determining who says what is sociolinguistically appropriate.
	scottsommers.blogs.com /taiwanweblog/2006/03/linguistic_comp.html (1520 words)

	NOVES SL. SUMMER 2003. VITALITY AND USE OF VALENCIAN AT THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF SAGUNT (2)
		To know whether the linguistic knowledge of the workers is adequate for the work they do (according to the category or group they belong to, if they have to deal with the public and the functions they carry out) we can provisionally establish preliminary standard linguistic profiles.
		The formulating of some basic guidelines by which to define linguistic profiles is necessary above all if we wish to have a practical guide with which to orientate the management of a given company when deciding the degree of linguistic competence that a worker needs to occupy a given post.
		On the other hand there are attitudes among the population (8) (and we need to include the Town Hall workers of Sagunt in the latter) in favour of the fostering and promotion of Valencian: the population and their institutions are predisposed to the use of Valencian to increase in all ambits.
	www6.gencat.net /llengcat/noves/hm03estiu/a_sagunt2_3.htm (1731 words)

	ETHNOLINGUISTIC NOTE 39
		Minimal competence is by definition the minimal amount of knowledge ("knowledge" being understood as including linguistic skills and capabilities of all kinds) which we can assume all normal speakers of human languages to possess--the minimal knowledge required to qualify as a native speaker of any language.
		First of all, the characterization of ideal competence is necessarily also a characterization of the nature of language as the characterizer supposes it to be.
		I think it is possible that what they have failed to understand is the nature of minimal linguistic competence (and minimal linguistic competence--an immature stage of it at that--is the only competence which can safely be assumed for all students).
	www2.hawaii.edu /~grace/eln39.html (1607 words)

	Chomsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Chomsky changed the direction of linguistics away from empiricism and towards rationalism in a remarkably short space of time.
		Chomsky suggested that the corpus could never be a useful tool for the linguist, as the linguist must seek to model language competence rather than performance.
		Competence both explains and characterises a speaker's knowledge of a language.
	bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk /monkey/ihe/linguistics/corpus1/1chom.htm (262 words)

	1cvsp introduction to linguistics competence performance linguistic levels
		I initially want to concentrate on competence, "those aspects of a speaker's knowledge of language that allow him or her to produce grammatical utterances..." (p.
		Competence he compared to the measured ingredients, which ideally should be the same every time the dish is made, but which of course are not ever exactly the same.
		Linguists are concerned with discovering speakers’ linguistic competence and describing it using descriptive rules.
	www.hamline.edu /personal/ferku/linguisticsfall2002/1cvsp.html (862 words)

	Cultural and Linguistic Competence
		'Competence' implies having the capacity to function effectively as an individual and an organization within the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors, and needs presented by consumers and their communities".
		Second, although there is a plethora of information relating to cultural competency at the individual and organizational level, it is impossible to determine the effectiveness of any approach simply because there has been little or no validating research to demonstrate the effectiveness of one approach over another.
		Organizational Cultural Competency: In general, it is easier to develop organizational policies and programs for specific ethnic groups or special populations than it is to develop and implement organizational cultural competence.
	www.nhchc.org /competency.html (2637 words)

	Definition of Logical Model
		Linguistic competence — the capacity of an organization and its personnel to communicate effectively and convey information in a manner that is easily understood by diverse audiences including persons of limited English proficiency, those who have low literacy skills or are not literate, and individuals with disabilities.
		Some public health organizations are responding to this call by incorporating culturally and linguistically competent policy, structures, and procedures such as those used in their hiring practices, employee evaluations, and merit increase criteria.
		The principles and practices of cultural and linguistic competence have to be integral to any model adopted by public health leadership to be both equitable and effective.
	www.nccccurricula.info /documents/publichealth.doc (11529 words)

	[No title]
		In short, the relationships found between linguistic competence and report card grades reveal that having command over a language is directly linked to school success not only in the beginning of school life, but in the years to come as well.
		That fact that the level of Turkish competence displayed by the second graders is the highest among all the other groups is a reflection of the impact of schooling.
		Throughout this study it was observed that differences in the Turkish linguistic competence of children was related to environmental factors represented by the province variable, as well as the age / schooling factors represented by subject status.
	www.acev.org /english/researches/research/need_assesment.doc (4422 words)

	Computing Papers on Competence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Issues of expertise, automaticity, and competency are explored in a case study of a 8th grader in the domain of algebra equation solving.
		This notion of Competence and of a Competence model turns out to be an appropriate conceptual analysis for much of the early efforts in AI, as well as current work in the field.
		To hypothesize what this linguistic knowledge is, it is attractive to distinguish idealized language knowledge from how that knowledge is used in practice.
	computing.breinestorm.net /Competence (2725 words)

	Translation Services USA - Page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As for TTBS, Liu holds the idea that linguistic competence should be trained with a view of a holistic language: linguistic competence is based and accompanied with thinking; “no language skill is taught in isolation.
		We might say the lexical-grammatical competence, textual competence, and sociocultural competence are the same core shared by the two.
		Shei's integrated computational approach is an attempt to find a bridge to connect translation and language learning, to achieve the goal of fostering linguistic competence and translation competence at the same time.
	www.leosam.my.proz.com /pb4.html (957 words)

	Cultural and Linguistic Competence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This document synthesizes and examines the state-of-the-art of measurement of cultural competence, particularly related to health care and provides a basis for decisions about the scope, content, and value of the measurement profile to be developed as part of a larger project.
		Literacy is likely to be one of the major pathways linking health and education and may be a contributing factor to the wide disparities that have been observed in the quality of the health care that many receive.
		Culled from expert interviews, this report was created to capture the perspectives, knowledge and expertise of health and evaluation leaders on culturally competent evaluation, as well as elicit implications for advancing this new approach to evaluation.
	www.izcoalitionsta.org /category.cfm?id=3 (386 words)

	Linguistic knowledge(competence) and acquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Hello dear classmates, I hope everybody is doing o.k despite the nightmares is D.C and N.Y.C. We should pray for victims and their families.
		As this is the third week of class and we have a discussion on the schedule,I would like start the discussion with some questions on the relationship between Linguistic knowledge and acquisition.
		This "hidden" knowledge called linguistic competence (potential ability to use language)is revealed through performance (language in use).
	academics.smcvt.edu /sjenkins/_iling2/00000002.htm (144 words)

	Re: Linguistic knowledge(competence) and acquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		I believe that some errors are due to factors such as overgeneralization, fossilization and hypercorrection and the example given by Rebekah shows this kind of performance errors where the output is different from the input.
		In this course, a good L2 speaker is the one who best manages and coordinates between his linguistic competence and his language performance.
		Furthermore, other factors do conduce to an inability to use a second language such as lack of practicing language for communication and other psychological factors such as lack of self-confidence, fear and anxiety.
	academics.smcvt.edu /sjenkins/_iling2/00000005.htm (212 words)

	GHI Providers: CMS Offers Cultural and Linguistic Competence Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cultural competency is the ability to understand and work with patients whose beliefs, values and histories are significantly different from one's own, and includes elements of awareness, knowledge and skills.
		With growing concerns about racial and ethnic disparities in health care and the need for health care systems to manage increasingly diverse patient populations, cultural competence has earned attention and national concern.
		Recent studies have found cultural competence training to be effective in improving patient satisfaction as well as cross-cultural attitudes, knowledge and skills among health care providers.
	www.ghi.com /providers/pr_cultural_ipro.html (260 words)

	Cultural & Linguistic Competence
		Through a variety of programs and projects, the GUCCHD has provided the vision, leadership, knowledge, training and technical assistance to increase the capacity of systems and programs serving a broad array of individuals and families to design, implement and evaluate culturally and linguistically competent service delivery systems.
		In addition, the GUCCHD supports the cultural and linguistic competence of the current and future human services workforce through enhancing professional training
		Infusing Cultural and Linguistic Competence into the Multiple Systems Encountered by Families Following the Sudden, Unexpected Death of an Infant
	gucchd.georgetown.edu /topics/cultural_linguistic_competence (212 words)

	Deane, Paul (1994) Narrowing the Gap: Miikkulainen and the Connectionist Modeling of Linguistic Competence, Psycoloquy: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The major limitation of Miikkulainen's system is its linguistic simplicity (dictated, perhaps, by its focus on providing a model for the psycholinguistic properties of scripts.) Sentence processing is a simple template-matching process in which word forms are mapped onto their semantic representations and word sequences are mapped onto semantic case frames.
		DISCERN models linguistic structure entirely in terms of strings: strings of words, strings of sentences, strings of case frames.
		Similarly, the system for representing scripts has no provision for the embedding of scripts within scripts: by definition, the system is designed to map a finite set of sentence frames onto a finite set of case frames, and these onto a finite set of scripts.
	psycprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk /archive/00000436 (2000 words)

	Oral, Linguistic, and Culturally Competent Services: Guides for Managed Care Plans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Culturally and linguistically diverse groups and individuals of limited English proficiency (LEP) typically experience less adequate access to care, lower quality of care, and poorer health status and outcomes.
		Research suggests a probable link between these disparities and the need for improved cultural and linguistic competence in the provision of health care services.
		It is difficult to reduce health care disparities without first improving the cultural and linguistic competence of the health care services provided.
	www.ahcpr.gov /about/cods/cultcomp.htm (474 words)

	Find in a Library: Linguistic competence in primary health care delivery systems implications for policy makers
		Find in a Library: Linguistic competence in primary health care delivery systems implications for policy makers
		Linguistic competence in primary health care delivery systems implications for policy makers
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/3450ba51187678a0a19afeb4da09e526.html (92 words)

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