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Topic: Linguistic divergence

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	Anthropological linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anthropological linguistics is the study of language through human genetics and human development.
		Whatever one calls it, this field has had a major impact in the studies of visual perception (especially colour) and bioregional democracy, both of which are concerned with distinctions that are made in languages about perceptions of the surroundings.
		This study includes the study of linguistic divergence and language families, comparative linguistics, etymology, and philology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linguistic_anthropology (355 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Linguistic anthropology - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Descriptive (or synchronic) Linguistics Describing dialects (forms of a language used by a specific speech community).
		Historical (or diachronic) Linguistics Describing changes in dialects and languages over time.
		This study includes the study of linguistic divergence and language families.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/li/Linguistic_anthropology (109 words)

	Regions Central Asia - IIAS Newsletter Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1962, Morris Swadesh (1907-1967), the linguist, anthropologist and prominent McCarthy era victim best remembered for his much-debated theory of dating linguistic divergence by a cognate count on a word list of 'core vocabulary' known as 'glottochronology', wrote a paper entitled 'Linguistic relations across Bering Strait' (American Anthropologist, 64).
		Linguistics, 1.2 (1959); not quoted) has to be sharply distinguished from megalocomparativism in the vein of Ruhlen and his followers.
		The book may therefore be regarded as a well-balanced plea for the further integration of linguistic typology into the study of historical linguistics, and, with its inclusion of archaeological data, as an enlivening interdisciplinary approach to 'long-range' linguistics beyond the prevailing internecine atmosphere.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /iiasn/24/regions/24CA1.html (1336 words)

	John's Maverick Gospel
		Without linguistics to break the approach, the many literary critics (structuralists, post-modernists, deconstructionists) claimed that the social system whose meanings were realized in the wording level of language, in "texts" as they like to designate these documents, is not knowable at all.
		Now linguists tell us that what persons talk about is meaningful to their conversation partners not so much because these partners do not know what a speaker (or writer) is going to say, but because the partners do know.
		Divergence acts as a form of self-disclosure to indicate that certain norms and spheres of knowledge and behavior are not shared with the outgroup, and that ingroup interactions are at a premium.
	www.earlychristianwritings.com /info/john-maverick.html (11868 words)

	Can Reading Failure be Reversed? - Title
		On the other hand, linguists familiar with the Creole languages of the Caribbean came to the conclusion that AAVE was itself a Creole language, similar to the English-based Creoles of Jamaica, Guyana and Trinidad (Bailey 1965; Stewart 1967, 1968; Dillard 1972).
		The linguistic case for the plaintiffs was assembled by Geneva Smitherman; testimony of linguists and psychologists established a position that eventually adapted by Judge Joiner in his decision for the plaintiffs.
		A reduction in the basic causes of linguistic divergence can only be brought about by a re-organization of the residential patterns of the large cities, or a re-organization of the school system that brings speakers of AAVE into contact with speakers of other dialects.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /phono_atlas/RFR.html (10140 words)

	Ethnologue: Bibliography of Ethnologue Data Sources
		Anceaux, J. The linguistic situation in the islands of Yapen, Kurudu, Nau, and Miosnum, New Guinea.
		Linguistic field notes from Banda and language maps of the Guang speaking areas of Ghana, Togo, and Dahomey.
		The linguistic situation in the Highlands Districts of Papua and New Guinea.
	www.ethnologue.com /ethno_docs/bibliography.asp (7065 words)

	TEFL Articles: Accommodation Theory (EnglishClub.com)
		As is flagrantly obvious, the respondents diverged from the speech style and language of the person addressing them because they felt threatened and denigrated.
		That "non-convergence" or divergence may act as a symbol whereby members of an ethnic group can signal their intention of maintaining their distinctiveness is further exemplified by the decision of the Arab nations to issue an oil communiqué to the world in Arabic, thus making a political statement.
		As a matter of fact, there are cases where divergence between groups is expected, its absence being construed as a token of dissociation from intergroup values and norms and thus as a signal of unwarranted friendliness and allegiance to the opposing group.
	www.englishclub.com /tefl-articles/accommodation-theory.htm (2911 words)

	Abstracts
		The message of this paper is to contest the functioning of language as the central symbol of ethnic boundaries, since the subjective feeling of social exclusion is at the very core of Macedonian identity in Greece.
		A divergence was still possible in the realm of religion, but the latter was dominated by the Sefaradim, the Spanish-speaking newcomers - and thus not sufficiently Romaniote.
		In considering convergences and divergences in the history of the Balkans we tend to think of shared cultural, religious and historical experiences in the past and of conflicts in the present.
	www.flwi.ugent.be /czes/abstracts.htm (8014 words)

	Chin Woo Kim, Linguistics Faculty, UIUC
		In Gugohak-yon'guui Saemt'o [A fountain of Korean Linguistics], pp.
		Harvard Workshop in Korean Linguistics VII, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
		Linguistics Seminar, Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois.
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /cwkim (934 words)

	MACHINE TRANSLATION: A CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE
		This required the achievement of three main computational linguistic tasks: (1) the development of an Arabic parser; (2) the development of a lexical-semantic processor; (3) the development of an automatic generator of the vowelized text.
		Linguistic diversity can be explained as variation in the setting of certain values for a principle of UG.
		Although languages usually exhibit broad disparity at the morphological and syntactical levels, such linguistic disparity is greatly diminished at the semantic level, at which various syntactical forms are converted to their corresponding logical forms.
	www.unesco.org /comnat/france/ali.htm (3076 words)

	Linguistics and the Peopling of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The use of linguistics is a great example displaying the necessity of analyzing contemporary aboriginal culture in the study of their people's ancestral past.
		This occurrence is interpreted as linguistic groups migrating from unglaciated areas into areas that were uncovered by the retreating ice, and not having sufficient time to differentiate in the deglaciated area.
		It is certain that linguistics has played a key role in the overthrowing of the conventional paradigm of American prehistory, and further developments in the study of aboriginal languages can only support the archaeological evidence for the early origins for the ancestors of today's native cultures.
	www.ualberta.ca /~nativest/pim/zazula.html (5722 words)

	Language Log: Dating Indo-European
		The paper dates the initial divergence of the Indo-European language family to 8700 years ago, with Hittite as the first language to split off.
		The main approach to assigning dates to linguistic divergence events is known as glottochronology or lexicostatistics, proposed in the early 1950s.
		Gray and Atkinson used an existing database of words compiled by linguist Isidore Dyen (an advocate of glottochronology) and colleagues and used techniques and software developed for work in genetics to construct a family tree and assign dates to it.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000208.html (2093 words)

	Samogitians: the development of a word-ending
		Earlier investigations have demonstrated that the chronology of Samogitian divergence can be ascertained with greater exactness by the evolution of the inflexional endings since it is the only thing which can be broken into distinct layers resembling geological or archaeological strata.
		Thus, we may state that the Samogitian tribal language turned into a dialect of the Lithuanian language not in the process of linguistic divergence – their present closeness to High Lithuanians was conditioned by the processes of convergence.
		The university’s Department of General Linguistics, headed by Professor Girdenis, is jokingly called the department of Samogitian linguistics: most of his colleagues are from Samogitia and speak their native dialect among themselves.
	samogitia.mch.mii.lt /KALBA/girdstr.en.htm (1234 words)

	MCSD Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This paper reconsiders the convergence and divergence controversy in an analysis of semantic and syntactic properties of tense and aspect marking in African American English (AAE).
		The convergence and divergence controversy, which began in the 1980's, centered around claims about the movement of AAE toward and away from varieties of English.
		The data and analysis presented here are based on an ongoing study of AAE in the framework of current linguistic theory, in which the goal is to explain the semantic and syntactic patterns of AAE (Green 1997).
	www.utexas.edu /coc/csd/multicultural/network/resource/papers/green.htm (1255 words)

	Call For Papers - The French Language and Questions of Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Our choice of linguistic code is one of the most fundamental ways open to us of establishing our sense of belonging to some groups and our distance from others.
		However, the relationship between language and identity is both complex and unpredictable: in some communities language may be the predominant emblem of 'group identity', in others it may be one of several such indicators, while in some it may lack this function completely.
		The role of language in the construction of national identity: nationhood and linguistic purism; the preservation, codification and standardisation of language as a marker of national identity.
	www.mml.cam.ac.uk /french/news/papers.html?printer (322 words)

	ANT 570 Article Critiques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He does this through the use of archaeological, linguistic, and ethnohistorical evidence; as well as comparisons with modern populations.
		Using phylogenetic trees representing genetic distance between human populations, the authors were able to compare the rates of LDC in these populations with their respective cultural and environmental conditions, and infer the historic evolutionary relationship between these variables.
		Human populations with high levels of LDC are divergent from what is considered the normal mammalian pattern.
	www.as.ua.edu /ant/bindon/ant570/critiques/microev_articles.htm (9613 words)

	Linguistic divergence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linguistic speciation, or linguistic divergence, is the fissioning of language groups.
		Like biological evolution, there are several factors which contribute to linguistic divergence.
		This page was last modified 04:34, 3 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linguistic_divergence (70 words)

	Ervin's ESL Net - Guest Author: Dimitrios Thanasoulas, "Speech: Convergence and Divergence"
		As often as not, speech convergence signals that speakers are on the same wavelength, whereas speech divergence shows that respondents may deliberately contradict each other in choosing different modes of speech.
		For obvious reasons, a speaker may deliberately diverge from the speech of his interlocutor, thus signalling his intention to disagree with, or even repudiate, him.
		Its aim is chiefly to draw our attention to a wide diversity of factors—socio-political and economic background, sex, age and status, etc.—underpinning language use, as well as to raise some questions that may, in the long run, prove instrumental in opening up new perspectives and methods of investigation.
	angolsuli.education.directnic.com /dimit06.htm (865 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The comparative-historical method applies to linguistic divergence, not, however, to linguistic convergent development.
		The present state of research in this matter suggests to list first diachronic divergent developments by means of an adapted comparative-historical method in regard to different proto-levels of the languages.
		The deployment of (preliminary) classifications as conceptions for a relative chronology of a language group or language family, with regard to the application of the comparative-historical method is the subject of chapter 3.
	www.koeppe.de /katalogE/3-89645-071-9.html (360 words)

	unsaved:///newpage2.htm
		The linguistic state of affairs in neighbouring countries south of Hungary is remarkable in itself, but it yields some general conclusions as well.
		It is interesting to note that, whereas Western Europe is generally charcterised by a process of linguistic convergence, Eastern European countries (and especially the Balkans) show signs of divergence and disintegriation.
		She presents the linguistic forms and grammatical rules (or rule-like tendencies) that took part in conveying the content of a quotation, she surveys the obligatory and the optional elements making up the structures, as well as the inferences that can be drawn from the changes that occurred in the two periods.
	www.c3.hu /~magyarnyelv/english/abstracts02-1.htm (955 words)

	The nation's top linguists discuss Ebonics (2/98) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He will participate in a panel discussion called Divergence in Linguistic Evolution: Ebonics and Other 20th Century Developments, on Saturday, Feb. 14, at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Philadelphia.
		Diversification or linguistic drift is expected when speakers of different language varieties are isolated or separated, but not when they are in contact.
		While AAVE is simultaneously diverging from white vernaculars in some respects, Rickford added, it is also converging with them, and away from some of its creole predecessors, in others.
	www.stanford.edu /group/news/relaged/980214rickford.html (483 words)

	Human Evolutionary Ecology Group: cultural phylogeny and evolution
		Linguistic divergence occurs after speech communities divide, in a process similar to speciation among biological populations.
		This gives rise to groups of languages that are related in a hierarchical, tree-like pattern.
		Genes and languages tend to diverge in parallel following a population split.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /heeg/culture.htm (808 words)

	ALLC/ACH 2000 Session 5 Abstracts
		Our aim is to detect the type of linguistic information that is useful for discriminating between the early and late works of our poets with the intention of using the techniques applied on the control authors to date Dickinson's work.
		In the past, the application of corpus linguistic methods was limited to the applied branch of this discipline.
		Corpus linguistics is part of the computational linguistics that deals with the problems of compilation, representation, and analysis of large text collections.
	www2.arts.gla.ac.uk /allcach2k/Programme/session5.html (10431 words)

	usc linguistics department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Linguistic semantics maintains links with logical inquiry and with computational theories of mind; above all, it is concerned with the nature of meaning in human language.
		This has raised new questions about linguistic universals and linguistic divergence.
		For instance, tense and aspect systems differ, and an important question is whether it reflects a primitive semantic diversity or differences in syntactic or lexical design.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/linguistics/content/semantics.php (328 words)

	DUSTer
		We resolve some of the most prevalent linguistic divergence cases by using dependency-tree information to transform the sentence structure of one language to bear a closer resemblance to that of the other language.
		A divergence occurs when the underlying concepts or gist of a sentence is distributed over different words for different languages.
		For example, the notion of running into the room is expressed as run into the room in English and move-in the room running (entrar el cuarto corriendo) in Spanish.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /research/CLIP/duster.htm (299 words)

	Network & the ASFLA newsletter
		The Systemic Functional Linguistic Association of Nigeria (SYSFLAN), which was formed in 1998 at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria has been striving to engender a spirit of revival in SFL which had been on a downward trend in the country.
		Systemic functional linguistics is based on the idea that language is a resource that we draw on when we use it.
		Long neglected as a focus of linguistic research, evaluation in its various guises is now being recognized as a crucial aspect of any study of discourse.
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /nlp/network/newsletter/x01/Network_x2001.htm (14538 words)

	Elke Teich
		Towards a model for the description of cross-linguistic divergence and commonality in translation.
		Towards a model of cross-linguistic divergence and commonality in translation.
		Proceedings of the Symposium on Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies, Louvain la Neuve, February 1999.
	www.uni-saarland.de /~sl16eset/pubs/pubs-de-2001.htm (1867 words)

	Sociolinguistics Symposium 15 - Papers & Posters
		In this paper I will present findings of a pilot study in which dialect speakers from different generations and sexes were interviewed yielding data regarding their dialect competence, dialect use, attitude and orientation.
		Linguistic representations of Sheng, a new vernacular language spoken in Nairobi, Kenya.
		The impact of cultural and linguistic contact on language choice in the religious domain: the case of Mauritius
	www.ncl.ac.uk /ss15/papers/paper_details.php?id=204 (2449 words)

	entree AmE vs BrE
		Instead of an American error (my original hypothesis), it looks more like a case of simple reasonable linguistic divergence based on the changing nature of menus over the last century.
		Since the American cookbook I referred to (The Table, (2nd ed) 1895) followed the formal, old fashioned, French usage, it is clear that the divergence happened after that date.
		Michael (whose mind is now at rest on this matter, unless further culinary archeology by others upsets this theory).
	www.cs.cmu.edu /People/mjw/FOOD/entree.html (543 words)

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