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	Philosophy of language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philosophy of language is the branch of philosophy that studies language.
		The philosophy of language was so pervasive that for a time, in analytic philosophy circles, philosophy as a whole was understood to be a matter of mere philosophy of language.
		He also disagreed that language was of fundamental significance to philosophy, and saw the project of developing formal logic as a way of eliminating all of the confusions caused by ordinary language, and hence at creating a perfectly transparent medium in which to conduct traditional philosophical argument.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philosophy_of_language (5531 words)

	Gellner E
		Linguistic Philosophy is naive to insist on the neutrality of concepts and of their accounts of them.
		Linguistic Philosophy is often peculiarly hostile to sociology, despite any particular acquaintance with it [Winch is exempted from this last criticism].
		Linguistic Philosophy is a domesticated and gentlemanly philosophy, avoiding argument and demands for justification, quite like the '[aristocratic view that] nobility lies in being' (278).
	www.arasite.org /gellner.htm (2354 words)

	Dallas Willard ARTICLES
		Linguistic philosophy is rumored to be dead and gone, its passing unnoticed until long after the fact, and largely unmourned.
		Semantic ascent is a methodological strategy in philosophy in which one turns (or "ascends") from speaking—or attempting to speak--of certain apparently non-linguistic matters to speaking of correlated entities, events, or structures that are constituents of language, or are in some sense linguistic.
		However, the manner and the extent in which language may be fundamental to philosophy as a whole is surely at present still a highly speculative matter, to be settled only by the progress of investigations in linguistics and the philosophy of language—and possibly the progress of human knowledge in general.
	www.dwillard.org /articles/artview.asp?artID=72 (6291 words)

	[No title]
		Hence, at the end of the course students should be able not only to interpret the relevant texts serving as course material, but also to get an outline of the system of "linguistic philosophy" in antiquity and (as an addition) to compare it with the methods in which language is analyzed in contemporary Western philosophy.
		The semantics of the verb 'to be' in Greek philosophy.
		Plato and Wittgenstein on falsity of linguistic expression.
	www.ceu.hu /crc/Syllabi/alumni/philosophy/grintser.html (730 words)

	20th WCP:
		According to this received view Analytical Philosophy is born out of a Linguistic Turn establishing the study of language as the foundation of the discipline; this primacy of language is then overthrown by the return of the study of mind as philosophia prima through a second Cognitive Turn taken in the mid-sixties.
		In the wake of the initial Linguistic Turn the concept of mental intentionality is first supposed to have been in large part reduced to that of linguistic reference (the aboutness of linguistic units), thereby becoming at worst a superfluous notion, at best a derivative and secondary one.
		Indeed, the first step reduces linguistic aboutness to the intentionality of a mental state, while the second one reduces the intentionality of a mental state to a kind of aboutness which is in essence identical with the linguistic one, because it is assumed that a mental representation is just a mental word.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Cogn/CognRoy.htm (3468 words)

	Language, philosophy of : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		When studying a human language, linguists seek systematic explanations of its syntax (the organization of the language’s properly constructed expressions, such as phrases and sentences; see Syntax), its semantics (the ways expressions exhibit and contribute to meaning; see Semantics), and its pragmatics (the practices of communication in which the expressions find use; see Pragmatics).
		Human linguistic capacities, he holds, issue from a dedicated cognitive faculty whose structure is the proper topic of linguistics.
		Tools from the philosophy of language make available quite a number of views about what these statements mean and in general about how they do their expressive and communicative work; and these views inform and support philosophical positions on the real objects of philosophical interest.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/U017 (1907 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Analytic and Linguistic Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Analytic and Linguistic Philosophy, 20th-century philosophical movement, dominant in Britain and the United States since World War II, that aims to...
		Analytic philosophy rose to prominence in the United Kingdom after the end of World War I (1914-1918).
		Austin, John Langshaw (1911-1960), British philosopher, one of the prominent figures in 20th-century analytic and linguistic philosophy.
	encarta.msn.com /Analytic_and_Linguistic_Philosophy.html (290 words)

	LINGUISTIC UNDERSTANDING AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A grammar either fits the linguistic facts or not and, even allowing that 'fit' may be a matter of degree, it is not difficult to imagine circumstances under which the degree of fit is so low as to constitute a refutation of a particular grammar as an adequate model of English.
		No doubt, methodological naturalism is the correct methodology for empirical linguistics but the claim that the correct account of method is identical in both science and philosophy is a harder one to establish, presupposing, as it does, that empirical knowledge is the only kind of knowledge to be had.
		Churchland's assumption of the correctness of Chomskian linguistics is as integral to Churchland (1994) as it is to Churchland (1984).
	www.ul.ie /~philos/vol4/chomsky.html (9930 words)

	RECENT PHILOSOPHY: Logical Positivism & Analytic Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Logical positivism is a 20th-century philosophical movement in the tradition of analytic and linguistic philosophy.
		With the elimination of metaphysics, the business of philosophy was seen as the logical clarification of scientific statements and theories -- for example, putting informally stated theories in strict axiomatic form, so as to distinguish clearly their analytic from their empirical elements.
		In contemporary philosophy, especially in the United States, the spirit of logical positivism can be seen in the respect for science, distrust of high-flown jargon (or what is thought to be such), and insistence on clarity and rigorous argument.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphilogicalpositivism.htm (1703 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": "Neopositivism: Linguistic Philosophy & Critical Rationalism" by Andras Gedo
		The general crisis of bourgeois philosophy, however, made itself felt in the quickly disappearing self-confidence of the succession of philosophical fashions, in the tottering of schools that yesterday seemed to have conquered the world.
		This linguistic positivism caused him to make ordinary spoken language the subject of his "analysis," in order to drive out the ghost of "metaphysics"; in line with his first beginnings, he reduced himself to this method, completely rejecting philosophical problems, thus demonstrating in himself the crisis and deterioration of late-bourgeois philosophy.
		Quine's philosophy tends to renew positivism; his views suffering from the limitations of linguistic philosophy (the problematic of society is mentioned only where Quine delves into the social nature of language) and the nebulous character of his questions kept his influence relatively limited.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/gedoco2a.html (6102 words)

	Husserl,
		Excerpt: The critique mounted by linguistic philosophy against a philosophy of the subject‑a critique that has been so predominant in 20thcentury thought‑is often interpreted as the manifestation of a far‑reaching philosophical paradigm shift namely, as a shift from a philosophy of subjectivity to a philosophy of intersubjectivity.
		Although the critics of a philosophy of the subject have readily been able to agree that it has to be replaced by an intersubjective alternative, the very concept of "intersubjectivity" has remained conspicuously unthematized.
		However, the fact that our critical confrontation with linguistic pragmatics comes only at the end of the volume does not at all mean that it is only introduced in passing, for as we shall see, the linguistic pragmatic account, and the critique stemming from it, was decisive for the structure of our interpretation of Husserl.
	www.wordtrade.com /philosophy/german/husserl.htm (5606 words)

	Philosophy, Introduction
		This apparently analytic and linguistic understanding arises from the explicit recognition that all expression and communication, in particular all works of philosophy, the body of Principia Cybernetica, and this article itself, exist in a physical form as a series of symbol tokens in a particular modality and interpretable in a specific language and interpretational framework.
		In that respect, philosophy must be understood as a process of philosophizing in which linguistic symbol tokens are produced and received.
		Philosophy per se is simply the result of philosophizing in an unrestricted domain of discourse.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /PHILOSI.html (454 words)

	00:2 Newsletter on Philosophy and Law
		Philosophy would be out of business, except perhaps as the abstract, reflective branch of empirical science.
		Despite this methodological infirmity at the core of the seminal work of twentieth-century jurisprudence, legal philosophers continue with a priori conceptual analysis and appeals to intuition as though the philosophical landscape of 2001 were that of 1961.
		If there's a lesson taught by the history of philosophy, it is that the only sound reason to prefer a proposed conceptual analysis is not because it seems intuitively obvious (think of Kant and the Euclidean structure of space) but because it earns its place by facilitating successful a posteriori theories of the world.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/publications/newsletters/v00n2/law/06.asp (2394 words)

	[No title]
		To this time students are to be acquainted with the main ideas and the key figures of American Pragmatism, Philosophy of Language (Linguistic Philosophy), Existentialism, Continental Philosophy etc. This knowledge is considered to be the minimum basis for the given course.
		Rorty on the nature of "the Linguistic Turn" in philosophy (his evaluation of importance of linguistic method in philosophy in different periods).
		Role of philosophy and activity of philosopher in modern culture from R. Rorty's point of view (philosophy as fiction and as scientific activity, turn of philosophy "from theory to narrative", philosopher as original thinker and philosopher as commentator).
	www.ceu.hu /crc/Syllabi/alumni/philosophy/samsonova.html (384 words)

	Criticism: The Linguistic Turn in Hermeneutic Philosophy. - Review - book review
		The author analyzes the linguistic turn in the German tradition of the philosophy of language to critique and extend Habermas's theory of communicative rationality.
		According to Lafont, the linguistic turn in the German tradition of the philosophy of language begins in the "Hamann-Herder-Humboldt" tradition, a tradition that emphasizes the "world-disclosing" function of language.
		A shared thesis of this tradition is that "linguistic expressions are held to determine, if not what there is, at least what there can be for a linguistic community-what such a community can say (i.e., believe) that there is" (xii); in other words, for writers in this tradition, meaning determines reference.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2220/is_3_42/ai_73356137 (1126 words)

	Logical Positivism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Until 1950s logical positivism was the leading philosophy of science; today its influence persists especially in the way of doing philosophy, in the great attention given to the analysis of scientific thought and in the definitely acquired results of the technical research on formal logic and the theory of probability.
		Philosophy is the activity by means of which the meaning of statements is clarified and defined.
		Neurath proposed a linguistic theory of science, according to which scientific statements are not judged by means of the empirical evidence, but they are verified with respect to all other statements: true is thus replaced with coherence.
	www.iep.utm.edu /l/logpos.htm (9274 words)

	Conceptions of Analysis in Analytic Philosophy: A Supplement to Analysis
		The emergence of logical analysis as the distinctive form of analysis in early analytic philosophy is outlined in §6 of the main document.
		Yet as suggested in §6 of the main document, what characterizes the founding by Frege and Russell of (at least one central strand in) the analytic movement was the use made of logical analysis, in which a crucial element was the formalization of ordinary language statements into a logical language.
		Reductive and connective, revisionary and descriptive, linguistic and psychological, formal and empirical elements all coexist in creative tension; and it is this creative tension that is the great strength of the analytic tradition.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/analysis/s6.html (5543 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		But amidst all their differences, linguistic analysts are united by their common belief that philosophical issues must be approached, first and foremost (if not exclusively) from the point of view of their roots in human language.
		However, because of his firm belief in the universal and exclusive validity of analytic logic, Wittgenstein was forced to conclude that the proper response to this mystical realm is to remain silent.
		The foundation-stone of ordinary language philosophy (replacing logical positivism's verification principle) is the principle that the meaning of a word or proposition is determined by its use.
	www.hkbu.edu.hk /~ppp/top/top13 (3352 words)

	Analytic philosophy -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		also called Linguistic philosophy a movement, dominant in Anglo-U.S. philosophy in the 20th century, distinguished by its method, which has focused upon language and the analysis of the concepts expressed by it.
		Analytic philosophy, the prevailing philosophy in the Anglo-American world in the 20th century, has its origins in symbolic logic on the one hand and in British empiricism on the other.
		This is a summary of the political philosophy of John Locke.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9108676&query=analytic (885 words)

	LANGUAGE, CULTURE, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY
		In this regard, it is very difficult to conjecture that any African linguist will accept the assertion by Makinde that, “Hence, the poverty of African languages has led to the poverty of scientific ideas and meaningful contributions to the development of philosophy, science and technology”.
		“Philosophy” as a concept is no exception, as it is not unusual to expect that there would be variations in Makinde’s conception of philosophy and my conception of philosophy.
		The fact that Wittgenstein is highly respected in philosophical circles is used as justification for his determination of the linguistics, psychological and philological limitations of homo verbilis (humans as language using animal).
	www.africaresource.com /afphil/vol1.1/bewaji.html (9272 words)

	[No title]
		The term “analytic philosophy,” however refers to a particular type of philosophy according to which analysis, understood in a sense to be investigated in this course, is the method of philosophy and conceptual clarification its mission.
		Because Moore’s push toward analytic philosophy came as a reaction to idealism, it is important to know about idealism and the reaction to it in England and particularly in this country in various forms of realism.
		GE Moore, "A Defense of Common Sense" in E.D. Klemke, Contemporary Analytic and Linguistic Philosophies.
	www.cas.usf.edu /philosophy/syllabi/f2001syllabi/phi4784wireduf01.htm (2064 words)

	Philosophy
		Philosophy is the structured method by which one uses reason and linear logic to arrive at an understanding of the nature of things.
		Philosophia means "lover of wisdom", and originally Philosophy was the Jnanan Yoga or Knowledge Path to Enlightenment of the West.
		Yet when we look at the history of Western Philosophy we see it represents a long march from wisdom tradition to secular intellectualism.
	www.kheper.net /topics/philosophy/philosophy.htm (372 words)

	Phi 375: Philosophy of Language - Syllabus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This course serves as an introduction to the main issues and theories in twentieth-century philosophy of language.
		In the third quarter we will survey competing general theories of linguistic meaning and compare their various advantages and liabilities.
		Part IV introduces the basic concepts of linguistic pragmatics, speech act theory and metaphor theory.
	www.wfu.edu /~lotterdj/lotter/Phi375-Syllabus.htm (390 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: The Linguistic Turn in Hermeneutic Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The linguistic turn in German philosophy was initiated in the eighteenth century in the work of Johann Georg Hamann, Johann Gottfried von Herder, and Wilhelm von Humboldt.
		Although this study is concerned primarily with the German tradition of linguistic philosophy, it is very much informed by the parallel linguistic turn in Anglo-American philosophy, especially the development of theories of direct reference.
		Part III shows how the shortcomings of German linguistic philosophy can be avoided by developing a consistent and more defensible version of Habermas' theory of communicative rationality.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0262122170 (366 words)

	Bakhtin Circle [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The key views of the circle are that linguistic production is essentially dialogic, formed in the process of social interaction and that this leads to the iteraction of different social values being registered in terms of reaccentuation of the speech of others.
		In the late 1920s the sociological and linguistic turn signalled by Voloshinov's article on discourse had begun to form into a distinct school of thought in which language was the index of social relations and embodiment of ideological worldview.
		While Voloshinov's linguistic studies were undoubtedly crucial to this reorientation, one of the central influences on the group at the time was the work of Ernst Cassirer, whose ground-breaking Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (3 Vols) was published between 1923 and 1929.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/b/bakhtin.htm (8222 words)

	notes by RBJ on: Words and Things; by Ernest Gellner
		My purpose in reading this book is, generally, to help me in the development of my own position on the nature of analytic philosophy, and also to see whether I can glean anything from Gellner for my discussion of rationality.
		Gellner's book exudes through its every pore the sense that "linguistic philosophers" are engaged in intellectual dishonesty on a grand scale and that attempts to confront them are met by an extremely sophisticated kind of cynical evasion.
		Even if I believed Gellner's viewpoint absolutely correct then I would still doubt that the linguistic philosophers concurred, and I would be left with a "puzzlement" about what these philosophers were really trying to do and how they could be so mistaken about the merits of their endeavours.
	www.rbjones.com /rbjpub/philos/bibliog/gelln59.htm (971 words)

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