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Topic: Linking R

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	Linking R - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The linking R is a phonological phenomenon of most (but not all) non-rhotic dialects of English.
		In a dialect with intrusive R, an epenthetic [ɹ] is added after a word that ends in a non-high vowel or glide if the next word begins with a vowel, regardless of whether the first word historically ended with /ɹ/ or not.
		For example, intrusive R would appear in Asia[ɹ] and Africa or the idea[ɹ] of it: Asia and idea do not historically end in /ɹ/, but the [ɹ] is inserted "intrusively" to prevent a hiatus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linking_R (253 words)

	Rhotic and non-rhotic accents - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rhotic speakers pronounce written "r" in all positions (although many educated rhotic speakers omit it in French loan words where "r" is silent, such dossier).
		This so-called "intrusive R" is frowned upon by those who use the non-rhotic Received Pronunciation but even they frequently "intrude" an epenthetic [ɹ] at word boundaries, especially where one or both vowels is schwa; for example the idea of it becomes the idea-r-of it, Australia and New Zealand becomes Australia-r-and New Zealand.
		The accent of the western southern states, Texas and Oklahoma is rhotic, with sharply pronounced Rs in all positions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents (920 words)

	LabPhon 8 - Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Alternating /r/ in non-rhotic English dialects (etymological "linking r" and non-etymological "intrusive r") is a process relevant to a number of theoretical debates.
		Approximately 15 tokens of word-initial and 20 of linking [r] occur in the corpus.
		These results strongly suggest that both uncontestable onset [r] (eg "to Ron's") and linking [r] (eg "for us") can be considered as phonologically identical in a non-rhotic accent based on evidence from the magnitude of their component gestures and their phasing relations.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu:16080 /labphon8/Poster_Abstracts/Mullooly.html (896 words)

	The rule/s for linking/intrusive "r" \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		That is, "standard" American English preserves the sound of "r" in all occurrences, whereas British English only preserves it when it is followed by a vowel (see rhotic).
		In England, however, when a former syllable final /r/ appeared before a consonant not at a word boundary, a schwa was substituted for it, giving British English a new class of falling diphthongs.
		This phenomenon also partially accounts for the interlocution of 'r' between a word ending in a vowel and one beginning with a vowel (such as "the idear of it") exhibited both in some dialects of Britain and in the Boston (USA) dialect of American English.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/5573.htm (604 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Linking the R DLL into other applications ========================================= The file rtest.c provides an example of linking the R engine into another front end.
		An alternative to linking the import library would be to explicitly load the DLL from a known location or after searching for it.
		A R proxy DLL ============= Files bdx* and rproxy* are used to build a proxy DLL (by Thomas Baier) for use with his automation server StatConnectorSrv.exe.
	www.cs.uiowa.edu /~luke/classes/248/R-1.8.1/src/gnuwin32/front-ends/readme (337 words)

	Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W) [1/1] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Linking is a very important and tricky task, which can cause various problems both at physical and logical level.
		Linking precision is therefore 4 times higher and loss-less linking is the only method allowed by the standard, which guarantees no space waste.
		Also since the linking occurs after the first sync, the second sync frame (and possibly the third one) will also be lost, since the sync words will not be correctly spaced in the ECC block.
	www.cdfreaks.com /article/113/1 (5141 words)

	AUE: FAQ excerpt: Rhotic vs non-rhotic, intrusive "r" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Many nonrhotic speakers (including RP speakers, but excluding most nonrhotic speakers in the southern U.S.) use a "linking r": they don't pronounce "r" in "for" by itself /fO:/, but they do pronounce the first "r" in "for ever" /fO: 'rEv@/.
		Linking "r" differs from French liaison in that the former happens in any phonetically appropriate context, whereas the latter also needs the right syntactic context.
		A further development of "linking r" is "intrusive r".
	www.alt-usage-english.org /excerpts/fxrhotic.html (149 words)

	[No title]
		Linking claims and the inventions they link together are usually either all directed to products or all directed to processes (i.e., a product claim linking properly divisible product inventions, or a process claim linking properly divisible process inventions).
		The linking claims must be examined with>, and thus are considered part of,< the invention elected**>.
		When all claims directed to the elected invention are allowable,< should any linking claim be >allowable<, the restriction requirement >between the linked* inventions< must be withdrawn.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/0800_809.htm (271 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bob Poe and other residents who live west of Interstate 4 off S.R. 46 think linking the road to the northern leg of the beltway would be a disaster.
		The state road is flanked by several large- lot neighborhoods, and residents have fought to maintain the rural character of the area.
		Word that S.R. 46 won't be used for a beltway link is reassuring, Poe said, but that doesn't mean residents will let their guard down.
	www.expresswayauthority.com /pdf/429extension/110899.html (406 words)

	Photographic system and novel compounds - Patent 4713313
		The process as defined in claim 11 wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with X, form a ##STR19## group, B is methylene, R.sub.3 is hydrogen and n is 1.
		A composition as defined in claim 22 wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with X, form a ##STR28## group, B is methylene and n is 1.
		A composition as defined in claim 22 wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with X, form a ##STR29## group, B is methylene and n is 1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4713313.html (4442 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		L: graphical front ends R: go over design decisions in popular languages and have the class design a new language L: graphical front ends 2 (how to parse them) B: play with Smalltalk/Boxer 4.
		R: go over graph traversal L: intro to optimizations: identification of control and data flow B: implement a few graph traversal algorithms (given some basic data structures) 6.
		L: Intro to runtime systems, start with GC R: go over stop and copy, mark and sweep L: generational garbage collection B: study how GC works in one language 9.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~abegel/cs302/ps1.txt (651 words)

	B Cell Antigen Receptor-Mediated Activation of Cyclin-Dependent Retinoblastoma Protein Kinases and Inhibition by ...
		Inhibition of BCR-induced Rb phosphorylation by B lymphocytes in response to BCR-Fc R co-cross-linking.
		Cdk4 and Cdk6 immune complexes isolated from BCR-Fc R co-cross-linked B cells are devoid of detectable D-type cyclins.
		Ras signaling linked to the cell-cycle machinery by the retinoblastoma protein.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/163/6/3160 (6839 words)

	XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0
		To create a link that emanates from a resource to which you do not have (or choose not to exercise) write access, or from a resource that offers no way to embed linking constructs, it is necessary to use an inbound or third-party arc.
		Thus, extended links are important for situations where the participating resources are read-only, or where it is expensive to modify and update them but inexpensive to modify and update a separate linking element, or where the resources are in formats with no native support for embedded links (such as many multimedia formats).
		An extended link may indicate rules for traversing among its participating resources by means of a series of optional arc elements.
	www.w3.org /TR/xlink (7505 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.780: Clicks and R-Linking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Given the interpretation as underlying R, ``linking R'' is different from other cases of R-deletion only in a diachronic sense: it appears in words that didn't have an R before.
		It is this diachronic emergence in some words of an R that is realized in only a few positions that must be explained --- specifically, why that R emerges only in languages where other words already have it.
		To me, the phenomenon in English seems to be a classical case of analogy: The distinction between underlying V(:) and Vr is mostly lost, and the underlying R spreads in the lexicon.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/2/2-780.html (376 words)

	Functional Association between the Human Myeloid Immunoglobulin A Fc Receptor (CD89) and FcR [IMAGE] Chain -- Morton et ...
		R could be expressed at the surface of IIA1.6 B cells by itself, but was devoid of signaling capacity.
		R on monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils has been defined as a 55-75-kDa glycoprotein(3, 4), whereas the eosinophil Fc R is more heavily glycosylated (70-100 kDa)(5).
		The cDNA encoding the myeloid Fc R has been characterized and was found to encode a 30-kDa peptide, with two extracellular Ig-like domains, a hydrophobic transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tail devoid of recognized signaling motifs(2, 6).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/50/29781 (6144 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.707: R-Linking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Intrusive r occurs only in dialects of the UK, US, Oz, NZ, that that de-rhoticize /r/ to [schwa] (syllabic or not) in syllable-rimes, so that the distinction between /r/ and /schwa/ is manifested only finally before a vowel, e.g.
		This is true both of the [schwa] from historical /r/ as in `soar' and of the [schwa] from diphthongization as in `saw'.
		Linking "-r" is also sometimes present word-finally >before a pause (my British grandmother said "akapulker" for >"Acapulco" even at the end of a sentence).
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/2/2-707.html (791 words)

	Sudbury and Hay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is well-known that most non-rhotic dialects of English exhibit linking and/or intrusive /r/.
		Maximally 300 tokens of non-prevocalic /r/ and all instances of linking and intrusive /r/ were coded for each speaker.
		Regardless of level of rhoticity or birthdate, an /r/ is consistently produced at word-internal morpheme boundaries.
	www.ling.canterbury.ac.nz /jen/documents/sudburyandhay-nwave.html (310 words)

	[No title]
		Election >of a single invention in reply to a restriction requirement,< combined with a traverse of >only< the nonallowance of the linking claims>,< is an agreement with the position taken by the Office that restriction is proper if the linking claim is not allowable and improper if **>it is< allowable.
		If the Office allows such a claim, it is bound to withdraw the requirement and to act on all linked inventions >which depend from or otherwise require all the limitations of the allowable linking claim<.
		But once all linking claims are canceled 37 CFR 1.144 would not apply, since the record would be one of agreement as to the propriety of restriction.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/pac/mpep/documents/0800_818_03_d.htm (285 words)

	Linking Rivers: Mirage or Reality?
		The answer is that it has come up at odd intervals, but there always seem to have been good reasons to shelve it temporarily.
		So Cotton's scheme for a giant series of linked canals was shelved though canals would have carried a greater volume of goods at cheaper rates.
		But, he warns all enthusiasts, his scheme is not necessarily what the Government of India means when it speaks of linking major rivers.
	www.rediff.com /news/2003/feb/20flip.htm (854 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.754: R-Linking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rick Wojcik suggests that I was wrong in my critique of Stampe's arguments for "underlying" /r/ in linking-r dialects since according to Wojcik, Stampe does not raise the issue of automacity, which I refer to in my critique.
		We do not find children in Chicago or LA who spontaneously use linking r and then "suppress" it, as befits a genuine "natural" process.
		My point was and is that Natural Phonology ceases to be a testable theory as soon as we start claiming that a process is "natural" the moment we discover that it is automatic, as in the case before us.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/2/2-754.html (543 words)

	Physical and Functional Association of Fcalpha R With Protein Tyrosine Kinase Lyn -- Gulle et al. 91 (2): 383 -- Blood
		R was a predominant protein band of 75 kD.
		Cross-linking of Fc R with huIgA adsorbed to NC particles induces IL-1ra and IL-8 release in THP-1 cells.
		Lyn is constitutively associated with Fc R in unstimulated cells.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/91/2/383 (6179 words)

	LINK-TRC: GOOD PRACTICE RESOURCE DATABASE - Linking teaching to research and consultancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Linking teaching with research and consultancy in the Built Environment (Project LINK) in 'BE' newsletter of the School of the Built Environment, Oxford Brookes University 2002.
		Jenkins, A. (2003) An introduction to linking teaching and research in the GEES discipline: or conversations amongst a 'community of scholars' with Charles Clarke, Alan Johnson and Liz Beaty.
		Linking teaching and research; promoting scholarly development through discipline based national and international structures and processes.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /schools/planning/LTRC/publications.htm! (1748 words)

	Fc{{alpha}} Receptor Cross-Linking Causes Translocation of Phosphatidylinositol-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 and Protein ...
		R was cross-linked as described and the cells held at 4°C and
		R on wt-ITAM and IIA-ITAM cells was cross-linked with My43 (anti-Fc mAb), followed by a RAM IgM (µ-chain specific), or with RAM alone.
		R (green, FITC) on wt-ITAM and IIA-ITAM cells was ligated at 4°C with anti-Fc R, then cross-linked with FITC RAM IgM at 4°C, as described in experimental procedures.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/166/9/5585 (5760 words)

	R: [SDL] Linking Win32 dll with Watcom C 11.0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		R: [SDL] Linking Win32 dll with Watcom C 11.0
		Previous message: [SDL] Linking Win32 dll with Watcom C 11.0
		The "-ei" option is necessary because if not used the alignement of the struct with enum is wrong (the keyboard event!) The "-5s" says to watcom to use the 586 (pentium) istruction and to use the stack calling convention.
	www.libsdl.org /pipermail/sdl/2002-April/043967.html (188 words)

	/blu: aiz/ or /blu:r aiz/? \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		I say /blu: aiz/ for blue eyes, but there is no linking r in my dialect.
		This is what I say even though there is a linking /r/ in my dialected.
		I don't believe that the linking /r/ ever follows a close vowel*.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/3995.htm (118 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040167101
		In still other embodiments, Y is a chemical bond linking the phosphorus atom to R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.
		In still other embodiments, Y is a chemical bond linking the phosphorus atom to R.sup.1 and R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.
		Thus, compounds of the invention and pharmaceutical compositions thereof may be in the form of an individual enantiomer or diastereomer isomer, or may be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040091710".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040091710&RS=DN/20040091710 (14284 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.730: R-Linking
		This cryptic comment is meant to convey the idea that /w/ and /r/ are constrasting glide elements of the vowel system, and that you can't get both.
		Presumably this evidence would have to overrule the specifics of the r-insertion case in English (where, if the evidence were taken simply on the basis of this one phenomenon, your argument would in fact be circular).
		The objections to David's analysis continues on with a hint at counterevidence: The linking r, as well as numerous other examples (such as the /n/ that shows up between a word-final /t/ and a following word-initial /y/ [and perhaps elsewhere] in Korean), are simply counterexamples to this.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/2/2-730.html (930 words)

	Cross-linking of Fc gamma receptors activates HIV-1 long terminal repeat-driven transcription in human monocytes.
		Elevation of the levels of circulating immune complexes frequently accompanies HIV-1 infection and is a prognostic indicator of clinical progression from asymptomatic infection to AIDS.
		In THP-1 cells, Fc gamma R cross-linking induced NF-kappa B, which is known to bind to the regulatory region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1 and to activate HIV-1 transcription.
		These results indicate that Fc gamma R can mediate a TNF-alpha-dependent induction of HIV-1 gene transcription and suggest that immune complexes may contribute to the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection by augmenting viral replication in monocytes.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1996/may/M9650837.html (409 words)

	<--Home -- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Beghetto, R. Thinking about the outside of the box: A pedagogical framework for thinking critically about creativity.
		Plucker, J. A., and Beghetto, R. Why creativity is domain general, Why it looks domain specific, and why the distinction doesn’t matter.
		Beghetto, R. and Tindal, G. Analysis of reading fluency and comprehension measures for fifth-grade students.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~beghetto/publications_a.htm (417 words)

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