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Topic: Linoleic acid

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	CLA Conjugated Linoleic Acid
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally-occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid.
		Conjugated linoleic acid increases the differentiatino of porcine adipocytes in vitro.
		Trans-vaccenic acid is desaturated to conjugated linoleic acid in mice.
	www.advance-health.com /cla.html (6150 words)

	Linoleic Acid Information on Healthline
		Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, which means that the body cannot produce it, so it must be obtained in the diet.
		Linoleic acid is an important fatty acid, especially for the growth and development of infants.
		Linoleic acid is believed to be helpful because myelin is composed of lecithin, which is made of linoleic and other fatty acids.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/linoleic-acid (852 words)

	CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID : MORE THAN AN ANTICANCER FACTOR
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term describing a mixture of positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2) involving a double bond at positions 8 and 10, 9 and 11, 10 and 12 or 11 and 13 (Eulitz et al., 1999).
		Conjugated linoleic acid is an intermediate in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by rumen bacteria with potent anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic and antidiebetogenic actions in rodents and humans.
		The trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid downregulates stearyl CoA desaturase 1 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
	www.animal.ufl.edu /dairy/2001ruminantprodconf/badinga.htm (3362 words)

	Essential Fatty Acids - Omega 3 and Omega 6
		Both omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid) are bountiful in the leafy plants consumed by roaming animals, providing nearly equal ratios of these EFAs.
		Fatty acids are composed of long carbon chains with a methyl group at one end, and an acid group at the other.
		Linoleic acid is found in sunflower, and safflower oils, while GLA is found in evening primrose and borage oils.
	www.barfworld.com /html/learn_more/efa.shtml (1413 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid
		The structure of CLA is very similar to that of linoleic acid, except that it has two double bonds separated by a single bond.
		Conjugated linoleic acid is produced naturally in the rumen of animals by the bacterial metabolism of both linoleic and linolenic acids.
		Conjugated linoleic acid is purported to reduce early plaque formations, common in the development of atherosclerosis.
	www.supplementnews.org /conjugated-linoleic-acid/index.htm (1156 words)

	Omega-6 (Linoleic Acid, Gamma linolenic acid, Dihommagamma-linolenic Acid, Arachidonic Acid)
		the fatty acid known as linoleic acid may reduce the risk of strokes, especially those caused by blood clots...
		The children were given either a supplement containing 186 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 480 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 96 mg of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), 864 mg of linoleic acid, and 60 IU of vitamin E per day, or a placebo...
		acid (saturated, 18:0) and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with greater risk of cognitive decline...
	qualitycounts.com /fpomega6_linoleic_acid.htm (1405 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid by David Tolson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term used to describe a set of 28 distinct positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (18:2) [1-3].
		CLA is formed when reactions shift one or both of the double bonds of linoleic acid so that the two double bonds are no longer separated by two single bonds [4].
		Influence of conjugated and conventional linoleic acid on tumor growth and lipid peroxidation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma in hamster.
	www.goendurance.com /a45_Conjugated_Linoleic_Acid.html (1825 words)

	[No title]
		Humans are unable to synthesize this fatty acid; therefore, it is considered essential.
		Linoleic acid is in a category of essential fatty acids called omega-6 fatty acids.
		Sources of Linoleic acid include canola, peanut, sunflower, soybean, safflower, and cottonseed oil.
	www.nutritiondynamics.com /encyclopedia/Linoleic_Acid.htm (112 words)

	CLA - Eat Wild
		Conjugated linoleic acid is unique because it is present in food from animal sources, and its anticancer efficacy is expressed at concentrations close to human consumption levels.
		Conjugated linoleic acid was 3.8 and 3.9 mg/g of milk fatty acids in normal and high oil treatments, respectively.
		Conjugated linoleic acid was 8.9, 14.3, and 22.1 mg/g of milk fatty acids in the one-third, two-third, and all pasture treatments, respectively.
	www.eatwild.com /cla.html (1010 words)

	Cla (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)
		Splenocyte blastogenesis was increased by conjugated linoleic acid.
		Analyses of the fatty acid composition of liver by gas chromatography revealed that dietary CLA was incorporated into neutral and phospholipids at the expense of linoleate in Diets B, C, and D; oleate increased and arachidonate decreased in neutral lipids of CLA diet groups.
		Conjugated linoleic acid is a collective term used to designate a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid in which the double bonds are conjugated.
	www.lef.org /prod_hp/abstracts/php-ab153.html (6584 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid An Update (Illini DairyNet)
		Briefly, CLA is a fatty acid that is synthesized in the rumen during biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (C18:2), the predominant fatty acid in vegetable oils.
		The trans 18:1 fatty acid was increased when grease was included in the ration, but was also increased when the high concentrate ration was fed. Conjugated linoleic acid is a direct precursor of trans 18:1 and there was a high correlation between the amount of trans 18:1 in the milk fat and CLA.
		Linoleic acid was decreased, apparently being converted to trans 18:1 and CLA.
	www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu /dairynet/paperDisplay.cfm?Type=Both&ContentID=307 (1167 words)

	ThirdAge: Conjugated Linoleic Acid
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of different isomers, or chemical forms, of linoleic acid.
		Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid—a type of fat that your body needs for optimum health.
		Although linoleic acid itself is an important nutritional source of essential fatty acids, there is no evidence that you need to get conjugated linoleic acid in your diet.
	www.thirdage.com /healthgate/files/21676.html (1372 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Mike Hajoway - CLA: Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research.
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of different types of isomers of linoleic acid, primarily position and geometric isomers, which is found preferentially in dairy products and meat [1].
		Conjugated linoleic acid is also unique because it is present in food from animal and dairy sources, and its anti-cancer efficacy is expressed at concentrations close to human consumption levels.
		For instance, linoleic acid stimulates fat formation, which is commonly known as lipogenesis, in adipose tissue, while research suggests that CLA inhibits fat formation.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/mike8.htm (2561 words)

	CLA : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., conjugated linoleic acid benefits cla research
		Dietary FO decreased linoleic acid and increased arachidonic acid in mouse adipose tissue.
		In the CLA group the proportions of stearic, docosatetraenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids increased in serum lipids and thrombocytes, while proportions of palmitic, oleic, and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids decreased, causing a decrease of the estimated delta-6 and delta-9 and an increase in the delta-5 desaturase activities.
		This group of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are building blocks of fat, are similar in structure to the essential fatty acid linoleic acid.
	www.raysahelian.com /cla.html (3810 words)

	MS Trust \| Publications
		Linoleic acid is a naturally occurring essential fatty acid, present in a variety of foods, including the oils of seeds and nuts, such as sunflower, safflower and sesame seeds.
		Linoleic acid did not appear to affect the number of relapses that people had.
		Linoleic acid should be considered in the context of a balanced diet, which is low in total fat and includes 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day.
	www.mstrust.org.uk /publications/factsheets/linoleic_acid.jsp (1208 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Review Alternative Medicine Review - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The biochemical nomenclature for linoleic acid designates this fatty acid as an 18-carbon ("octa-deca") fatty acid containing two double bonds ("di-en"), specifies the location of the double bonds (the 9 and 12 carbon atoms), and identifies the double bonds as being in a cis-isomeric configuration.
		CLA is formed when reactions shift the location of one or both of the double bonds of linoleic acid in such a manner that the two double bonds are no longer separated by two single bonds.
		Unlike linoleic acid, which is a single unique molecule, several dozen different CLA isomers are possible depending on which double bonds are relocated and the resultant isomeric reconfigurations.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FDN/is_4_6/ai_78539417 (853 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
		Conjugated linoleic acid or CLA refers to a group of positional and geometric octadecadienoic acid isomers of linoleic acid.
		In contrast to linoleic acid, all the CLA isomers have conjugated bonds.
		This isomer is produced in the rumen of ruminant animals by microbial metabolism of linoleic and linolenic acids.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/con_0077.shtml (1611 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a slightly altered form of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid.
		Morphological and biochemical status of the mammary gland as influenced by conjugated linoleic acid: implication for a reduction in mammary cancer risk.
		Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Supp/CLA.htm (1060 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Conjugated linoleic acid, or CLA, is a generic term referring to a mixture of geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid in which up to 16 members have been identified.
		Ruminal bacteria are able to convert linoleic acid to CLA while the intestinal bacteria from non-ruminants have a limited capacity to produce CLA.
		Conjugated linoleic acid interacts with and may be incorporated into the body at the expense of other fatty acids, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid, fundamental constituents of many important lipids.
	www.vitaminherbuniversity.com /topic.asp?categoryid=3&topicid=1034 (1501 words)

	Conjugated linoleic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a family of many geometric isomers of linoleic acid (at least 13 are reported), which are found primarily in the meat and dairy products of ruminants.
		Conjugated linoleic acid is a trans fat, though some researchers claim that it is less harmful than other trans fatty acids.
		Unlike most trans fatty acids found in the human diet, CLA occurs naturally, produced by a microorganism in the fore-stomach of ruminants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conjugated_linoleic_acid (461 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid Accumulation via 10-Hydroxy-12-Octadecaenoic Acid during Microaerobic Transformation of ...
		acid as an intermediate of the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid
		Stability of cyclopropane and conjugated linoleic acid during fatty acid quantification in lactic acid bacteria.
		Inhibition of benzo (a) pyrene-induced mouse forestomach neoplasia by conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/3/1246 (3223 words)

	Life Enhancement:: Introducing Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): CLA Reshapes Your Body
		Conjugated Linoleic Acid is a natural polyunsaturated fatty acid found in many foods, including milk, cheese, and meats; the meat that is richest in Conjugated Linoleic Acid is beef, but it is also found in lamb and veal and, to a lesser degree, in pork, chicken, and turkey.
		In a study in which the Conjugated Linoleic Acid content was examined under various feeding regimens, cows allowed to graze freely on the range, and not fed supplementally with corn silage or corn oil, had 500% more Conjugated Linoleic Acid in their milkfat than cows fed typical dairy diets.
		Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene-induced mouse forestomach neoplasia by conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid.
	www.life-enhancement.com /article_template.asp?ID=150 (2738 words)

	Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content
		Fatty acids are made of long chains of carbon atoms and these molecules are rich in energy allowing the body to store and utilize energy when needed.
		The factors that determine the amount of CLA that is available for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract are the dietary intake of Linoleic Acid and the rumen conditions that may affect the growth and activity of these specific bacteria.
		The biology of conjugated linoleic acids in ruminants.
	www.farmprofitability.org /research/beef/linoleic.htm (3259 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Evaluation of the Effects of Dietary Fat, Conjugated Linoleic Acid, and Ractopamine on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pigs fed CLA have an increased proportion of saturated fatty acids in carcass tissues.
		Technical Abstract: An eight week study of the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), rendered animal fats, and ractopamine, and their interactive effects on growth, fatty acid composition, and carcass quality of genetically lean pigs was conducted.
		Dietary CLA increased the concentration of saturated fatty acids and decreased the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids of the belly fat, both layers of backfat, and loin muscle.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=194534 (920 words)

	Linoleic Acid is Carcinogenic (January 2003)
		409-457 that presented overwhelming evidence that linoleic acid (predominantly in vegetable oils) was not only carcinogenic, but also a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and for allergic hyper-reactivity.
		Thus, linoleic acid and insulin surges are combined to devastate the body.
		linoleic acid and its metabolite, arachidonic acid were prominent causes of a variety of cancers, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and allergic hyper-reactivity in Japan with implications for America and the rest of the industrialized world.
	smartlifeforum.org /toolateschmart/linoleic_acid_is_carcinogenic.htm (1860 words)

	Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans -- Gaullier et al. ...
		Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of linoleic acid
		Protection of conjugated linoleic acids against 2-amino-3- methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-induced colon carcinogenesis in the F344 rat: a study of inhibitory mechanisms.
		Effects of short-term administration of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in white and brown adipose tissues of starved/refed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/79/6/1118 (5719 words)

	Fatty Acids and Diet: Omega Fatty Acids, You and Your Pets. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fatty Acids (there are over 70 of them!) are important for a wide array of cell structure components and for many chemical reactions in the body including hormonal and energy activities.
		The Iams Company has pioneered Fatty Acid research in animals and they have found that supplementing a diet with large amounts of Omega3 fatty acids (for example, a diet with nearly equal amounts of Omega6 to Omega3 fatty acids) may lead to health problems in dogs and cats.
		Saturated Fatty Acids are those that have no chemical bonds left unattended, that is, they have no “double bonds” between their carbon backbone waiting to trap such atoms as hydrogen.
	www.thepetcenter.com /gen/fa.html (1926 words)

	GLA - Gamma Linoleic Acid
		Most omega-6 fatty acids are consumed in the diet from vegetable oils as linoleic acid (LA; be careful not to confuse this with alpha-linolenic acid [ALA] which is an omega-3 fatty acid).
		Linoleic acid is converted to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in the body and then further broken down to arachidonic acid (AA).
		Essential fatty acids may also enhance calcium absorption, increase calcium deposits in bones, diminish calcium loss in urine, improve bone strength, and enhance bone growth, all of which may contribute to improved bone mass and, therefore, strength.
	www.pjstory.com /GLA.htm (1327 words)

	CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID (CLA) INFORMATION
		While the supplement--conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)--is no magic bullet, it may prove to be a useful tool in combination with even light exercise, Dr. Jan Wadstein, an associate professor of medicine at Lund University in Sweden and a study author, told Reuters Health in an interview.
		It is not a new discovery (CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID (CLA) was discovered by accident in 1978), but a better understanding of it's effects are leading to potential applications that are extremely new and exciting.
		The fatty acids are returned to the blood stream to be used by muscle cells as an energy source.
	www.peaknutrition.com /conlinaccla.html (1244 words)

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