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Topic: Lion capital of Ashoka

	Emblem of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Emblem of India is a replica of the Ashoka Capital
		The Emblem of India is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
		The abacus is girded by four smaller animals - guardians of the four directions: the lion of the north, the elephant of the east, the horse of the south and the bull of the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emblem_of_India (282 words)

	Lion Capital of Asoka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture, originally atop the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath, of four lions standing back to back.
		The Lion capital is the national emblem of India.
		The capital contains four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/l/li/lion_capital_of_asoka.html (208 words)

	Ashoka: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Lion Capital at Sarnath of Ashoka Lion Capital at Sarnath of Ashoka The State emblem is an adaptation from...Lion Capital of Ashoka.
		Ashoka (also Asoka; reigned 273 BC - 232 BC) was the son of Bindusara, who ruled the Mauryan empire[?] from 269 to 232 B.C. Ashoka reigned over most of the Indian subcontinent, from present day Afghanistan to Bengal and as far south as Mysore.
		While the early part of Ashoka's reign was apparently quite bloodthirsty, he became a committed Buddhist after his conquest of Kalinga[?], on the east coast of India in the present day state of Orissa.
	www.encyclopedian.com /as/Ashoka.html (415 words)

	Maurya Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lion Capital of Asoka at Sarnath, is the emblem of India.
		From Ashokan edicts, the names of the four provincial capitals are Tosali (in the east), Ujjain in the west, Suvarnagiri (in the south), and Taxila (in the north).
		Ashoka sent a mission led by his son and daughter to Sri Lanka, whose king Tissa was so charmed with Buddhist ideals that he adopted them himself and made Buddhism the state religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mauryan (3312 words)

	Lion Capital of Asoka - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It was originally placed atop the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath, now in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
		The capital contains four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus, with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion, separated by intervening spoked chariot-wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
		Lion Capital of Asoka, Symbolic significance, National emblem of India, External link, Indian art, Indian culture and National symbols.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Lion_Capital_of_Asoka (380 words)

	THE EIGHT PLACES
		To each direction he proclaimed as with a lion's roar: "I am the first, the best of all beings, this is my last birth.'' He looked down to predict the defeat of Mara and the benefitting of beings in the lower realms through the power of his teachings.
		The museum's entrance is dominated by the famous lion capital from Ashoka's pillar, which--an indication of the Indian Government's renewed interest in Buddhism--has been adopted as the national emblem.
		Ashoka later erected a stupa in honour of this First Council at the place a distance west of Shrataparna Cave where at the same time the mahasanghikas, regarded by some as proto-mahayanists, compiled their canon.
	members.porchlight.ca /blackdog/places.htm (11319 words)

	Turning the Wheel
		Emperor Ashoka became a convert to Buddhism when he witnessed a massive slaughter on the battlefield while ruthlessly invading a neighbouring Indian kingdom in 260 BC to further expand his recently inherited empire.
		Thanks to the chance conversion of Ashoka, the dharma became a strong moral force in 3rd century India, with Sarnath becoming one of the main destinations for newly converted Buddhist pilgrims.
		The museum's entrance is dominated by the famous lion capital from Ashoka's pillar, which incidentally, has been adopted as the Indian national emblem.
	members.porchlight.ca /blackdog/sarnath.htm (661 words)

	PIB Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The State Emblem of India is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Emporer Ashoka, who ruled from 272 BC to 232 BC.
		The frieze of the abacus is adorned with sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening Dharma Chakra (Wheels of Law).
		The profile of the Lion Capital showing three lions mounted on the abacus with a Dharma Chakra in the centre, a bull on the right and a galloping horse on the left, and outlines of Dharma Chakras on the extreme right and left has been adopted as the State emblem of India.
	pib.nic.in /feature/feyr2002/fnov2002/f081120021.html (1135 words)

	Indian Flags and Emblems
		It consists of four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying culptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
		The Government of lndia adopted the Lion Capital as the National Emblem on 26 January 1950.
		Only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view being behind the lion which faces the viewer.
	members.tripod.com /~Manikandan_D/MANIFE.HTML (339 words)

	Welcome to the Homepage of Shaikh Sadaqathullah (VU2 SDU) from India
		Government of India Adopted this emblem, from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Asoka, on 26th of January 1950 as the national emblem.
		The Lion Capital was erected in the third century BC by Emperor Ashoka to mark the spot where Buddha first proclaimed his gospel of peace and emancipation to the four quarters of the universe.The National emblem is thus symbolic of contemporary India's reaffirmation of its ancient commitment to world peace and goodwill.
		The abacus is girded by four smaller animals - guardians of the four directions: the lion of the north, the elephant of the east, the horse of the south and the bull of the west.The abacus rests on a lotus in full bloom, exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative inspiration.
	www.qsl.net /vu2sdu/india12.html (829 words)

	Indian National Emblem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The National Symbol is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka, who ruled from 272 BC to 232 BC.
		In the original pillar, there are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
		In the State Emblem adopted by the Government of India on January 26 1950, only three lions are visible, while the fourth is hidden from view.
	www.indiaforum.org /india/national-eblem.htm (164 words)

	Excelsior... Nation
		The magnificent lion capital of Emperor Ashoka as the national emblem of India has long seeped into the nation’s.....
		The magnificent lion capital of Emperor Ashoka as the national emblem of India has long seeped into the nation’s consciousness yet the image of the Emperor himself had remained shrouded amid the ruins of his vast empire.
		He said the ear pendants, the Chhanavira-Patta or Uttariya draped around the neck through shoulder to the chest, the Katibandhas (waist bands) and the valayars are unique in nature and could be described as one of the earliest sculptures found in Orissa.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /01nov08/national.htm (2722 words)

	Sarnath city of Uttar Pradesh - India
		The Dharmarajika Stupa was built by Ashoka, and it was expanded and enlarged several times upto the 12th century CE.
		It was originally adorned by a capital of four lions, now housed in the Sarnath museum.
		The Ashoka pillar and its famous lion capital were discovered in 1904.
	www.bharatheritage.in /uttar-pradesh/sarnath.htm (871 words)

	The Tiranga
		The spoked Ashoka Chakra (the "wheel of the law" of the 3rd-century BC Mauryan Emperor Ashoka) replaced the Gandhian spinning wheel to add historical "depth" and separate the national flag from the INC party flag (and Indian political party flags are another tale).
		The Ashoka Wheel in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma.
		One of the spurious meanings of the Indian flag according to http://www.trimurtisolutions.com/india/index.html states the color of saffron/kesaria stand for patriotism (balidaan), white is for simplicity and peace, green is for agriculture (kheti) farming (kisan) and greenery (hariyali), the navy blue wheel in the center is the "Ashoka chakra", the wheel of progress.
	www.tiranga.sankalpindia.net /mainpages/tiranga.html (1335 words)

	Symbols of India
		Ashoka ruled the land from 272 BCE to 232 BCE.
		The original sculpture shows four lions on a pillar with an elephant, horse, bull, and lion separated by a lotus on the base.
		The official symbol now shows three of the four lions with the Dharma Chakra in the center of the base and a bull and horse on either side.
	greetingindia.tripod.com /symbols.html (719 words)

	About my country - India [Bhaarath]
		The wheel, ("chakra") consists of twenty four spokes.Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
		The National Emblem of India is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath, near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
		The four lions (one hidden from view) - symbolising power, courage and confidence - rest on a circular abacus.
	www.sundararaman.com /aboutindia.html (609 words)

	Xuanzang (Hsüan-tsang) [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Born of a family possessing erudition for generations in Yanshi prefecture of Henan province, Xuanzang, whose lay name was Chenhui, was the youngest of four children.
		His great-grandfather was an official serving as a prefect, his grand-father was appointed as Professor in the National College at the capital, and his father was a Confucianist of the rigid conservative type who gave up office and withdrew into seclusion to escape the political turmoil that gripped China at that time.
		An eighteen-day religious assembly was convoked in Harsha's capital of Kanauj during the first week of the year 643, during which Xuanzang allegedly defeated five hundred Brahmins, Jains, and heterodox Buddhists in spirited debate.
	www.iep.utm.edu /x/xuanzang.htm (4283 words)

	NATIONAL FLAG OF INDIA - Nepal Safari - Explore Nepal's Wildlife
		India adopted the tricolor of orange, white, and green with a blue Ashoka Chakra at the center.
		The spoked Ashoka Chakra in the center of the flag replaced the Gandhian spinning wheel to add historical "depth" and separate the national flag from that of the Indian National Congress.
		This Dharma Chakra depicted the "wheel of the law" in the Sarnath Lion Capital made by the 3rd-century BC Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.
	www.nepal-safari.com /india/national_flag.php (751 words)

	Lion Capital of Asoka: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Lion Capital of Ashoka[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] is a sculpture, originally atop the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath Sarnath (formerly also mrigadava, rishipattana, isipatana), located 13 kilometres from varanasi, is the deer park where gautama buddha first taught the dharma, and where the buddhist sangha...
		The Lion capital is the national emblem A national emblem symbollically represents a nation....
		In the emblem adopted by the Government of India[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] on January 26, 1950, only three lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /l/lion_capital_of_asoka (859 words)

	Indian National Flag
		In the centre of the white band is a navy blue wheel which represents the chakra.
		Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
		Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes.
	www.echoindian.com /india/flag.html (158 words)

	Webindia123.com-Government of india-National Symbols
		Its design is that of the wheel which appears on the abacus of Saranath Lion Capital of King Ashoka.
		The state emblem is an adaptation from the Saranath Lion Capital Of Ashoka.
		The wheel appears in relief in the center of the abacus with the bull on right and a horse on left and the out lines of other wheels on extreme right and left.
	www.webindia123.com /government/national.htm (769 words)

	Sare Jahan Se Achcha
		The wheel appears in relief in the center of the abacus with a bull on right and a horse on left, and the outlines of the other wheels on the extreme right and left.The bell-shaped lotus has been omitted.
		In the center of the white band is a navy blue chakra or the wheel which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
		In India the sacred lotus is legendary and much folklore and religious mythology is woven around it.
	web.syr.edu /~asiruvur/bharat/symbols.htm (646 words)

	The Hindi Language Program at UIUC: Hindi 201: Facts about India
		Southern Asia; bound by the Himalayan ranges in the north, Arabian sea in the west, the Indian Ocean in the south and the Bay of Bengal on the east.
		Adapted from Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka in 1950.
		Four lions (one of which is hidden from view) standing back to back with wheel in the center of the abacus; a bull on the right, a horse on the left, and the outlines of the other wheels on the extreme right and left.
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /hindi/courses/hindi201/facts.html (339 words)

	India's Flag
		In the center of the white band is a blue wheel with 24 spokes.
		This is the Ashoka Chakra (or "Wheel of Law").
		The Indian flag was officially adopted on July 22, 1947 by the Constituent Assembly.
	greetingindia.tripod.com /flag.html (211 words)

	BUDDHISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Samrat Ashoka elevated Buddhism to the level of a state religion and sent missionaries not only to all parts of India but also to Sri Lanka, West Asia, Central Asia and China.
		During the reign of Ashoka the third Religious Council was held at Pataliputra which was the capital of Ashoka's vast empire.
		But that Ashoka was not inimical to Hinduism is evident from one of the titles that he took viz.
	www.hindubooks.org /sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/buddhism.html (3729 words)

	Embassy of India
		Horizontal tricolor in equal proportion of deep saffron on the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion.
		In the center of the white band is a navy blue wheel which represents the chakra.
		Its diameter approximates to the width of the white band and its has 24 spokes.
	www.indianembassy.nl /ie_india_profile.htm (261 words)

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