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Topic: Lip-rounding

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Lip Lip piercing Lip piercing is the practice of lip with a stud (barbell) or ring. Lip gloss Lip gloss is a substance used for making the lips appear, as the name suggests, more glossy. Lip synchronization Lip synchronization is the video signals so that there is no noticeable lack of simultaneity between... www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/lip.html

Dynamics of Speech Production Lip rounding in the the word, “construe,” begins as early as the nasal /n/ or sibilant /s/, in anticipation of the final rounded vowel. In the case of the syllable, /su/, lip rounding is achieved while we are producing the sibilant, /s/. In this situation, consonants that are neutral for lip rounding take on a rounded posture in anticipation of a rounded vowel that will occur later in the sequence. gozips.uakron.edu /~jlynn/iss/coartic.htm

Lip rounding is an important visual component in the perception of speech. Lip rounding is an important visual component in the perception of speech. Where lip movements become really important is in the process of lip reading, which as I said, we all do. If he says the word with no lip or jaw movement and at the same time vividly manipulates the mouth of a puppet, the movement will draw our attention visually. www.csun.edu /~vcoao0el/de361/de361s71_folder.100/tsld067.htm

Lip rounding is more essential for lip reading than for sound production. Lip rounding is more essential for lip reading than for sound production. In English, there is a general tendency to round the lips for the back vowels. Alternately, we relatively draw the lips back for the front vowels. www.csun.edu /~vcoao0el/de361/de361s71_folder/tsld066.htm

Labial consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lip rounding, or labialisation can also accompany other articulations. Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips (bilabial articulation) or with the lower lip and the upper teeth (labiodental articulation). For example, the Spanish consonant spelt b or v is pronounced as a voiced bilabial approximant between vowels. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Labial_consonant

Speech Therapy Three normal lip patterns are lip rounding, lip spreading, and lip closure. Lip retraction - This is an abnormal pattern in which increased abnormal tone pulls the corners of the lips up and back. Oral - motor functioning is the area of assessment which looks at normal and abnormal patterns of the lips, tongue, jaw, and cheeks for eating, drinking, facial expression and speech to determine which functional skills a person has to build on, and which abnormal patterns need to be inhibited or for which compensation is needed. www.geocities.com /AutismPages/slp2.htm

Speech Synthesis by Rule Thus, for example, lip rounding during, say, [y] in French is crucial to the articulatory realisation of that segment, but the same feature is not at all crucial (and in fact may be realised as + or -) for the English consonantal segment [k]. If the contextualist position is correct then the electromyographic activity associated with lip rounding through the [k] in [uk], particularly with respect to its duration and off-set rate would be different from the lip rounding contraction associated with [k] in [uki]. It seems to me that it is wrong to way there is lip rounding or lip spreading for the [k] — rather there is lip rounding and lip spreading associated primarily with the adjacent segments and quite simply this parameter is irrelevant for [k] — hence the hierarchical marking of features. www.essex.ac.uk /speech/archive/lingor/lingor.html

Context Sensitive Effects in Speech This means that there is no significant change in the controlled muscle contraction for lip rounding associated with [u] between items in the pairs [uka] vs. [uki] and [aku] vs. [iku] although the change from [a] to [i] requires a change from neutral to spread for the lips at least during the [i]. H1: Muscle contraction associated with lip rounding in the utterances [uka] and [aku] will be longer in duration than during the utterances [uki] and [iku] paired respectively. Lip-rounding can be observed before and during [k] in [ku], and lip spreading before and during [k] in [ki] — where [k] is taken to be that portion of the utterance corresponding to the velar stop. www.essex.ac.uk /speech/archive/explain/explain.html

New Page 1 Oral-motor/feeding therapy has been used effectively for improving lip closure and lip rounding as a means of improving speech clarity. This sequence of eleven progressively more difficult straws is used to teach the coordination necessary for safe swallowing and to improve jaw stability, lip rounding and tongue retraction. In the area of feeding, the lips are used to : breast feed, drink from a bottle, drink from a cup, remove purees from a spoon, retract food back over the tongue to initiate a safe swallow, drink from a straw and control saliva (i.e., drooling). www.ciaccess.com /moebius/talktoolstm.htm

Read My Lips: Facial Animation Techniques One of the attributes not denoted in the chart is lip rounding. There are several places of articulation (see Figure 2) involving the lips, teeth, tongue, and stuff in the back of the mouth (the palate, velum, and glottis) for the consonants. [boat] - very round lips, slight dropped jaw. www.gamasutra.com /features/20000406/lander_pfv.htm

Lionel Reveret - ICP The whole 3D surface of the lips is represented as a parametric surface which interpolates the control points by means of cubic splines. Secondly, the lip motion of a speaker is learned from the geometric modeling of 10 selected key shapes. The 3D geometric lip model based on 30 control points interpolation, and a smooth shading rendering. www.icp.grenet.fr /~reveret/icp.html

Vowels Another aspect of vowel classification is the presence or absence of lip rounding. , are formed with a high degree of lip rounding. , are formed without such rounding, and are called unrounded vowels. www.ic.arizona.edu /~lsp/Phonetics/Vowels/Phonetics4d.html

Acoustic enhancement Lip rounding exaggerates the acoustic effect of backness, and helps make the back vowels more easily distinguishable from front vowels. Retroflex approximants, pharyngeal approximants, and lip rounding are so often performed simultaneously because all three have the same desired acoustic effect -- lowering F3. In fact, lip rounding will lower every formant, since all possible standing waves have a maximum point at the opening of the tube. www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/linguistics/russell/138/sec4/enhance.htm

The specific nature of speech coherence between acoustics and optics A classic example of anticipation in lip rounding was first given by Benguerel and Cowan who observed an articulatory influence of the /y/ on the first /s/ in /istrstry/ which occurred in the French sequence une sinistre structure [14] (though this has since been revised by Abry and Lallouache [3]). Lip control is therefore much more constrained for /y/ than for /i/, leading to an anticipation of lip rounding in /i/ In French, for instance, the /s/, which is considered a non- rounded consonant, is spread in /si/, but protruded in /sy/, due to regressive assimilation; on the opposite, /i/, which has the phonological status of a spread phoneme, is protruded in /Si/, due to progressive assimilation (which is less frequent). hwr.nici.kun.nl /~miami/taxonomy/node40.html

Observing your articulators You may not be able to see the tongue for boat because of lip rounding, so try this: While saying the vowel of boat, stick a bamboo skewer (blunt end first, of course!) into your mouth until it touches your tongue. If you pronounce the vowel aloud, and it is rounded, then you will hear it change as you unround your lips and may unconsciously compensate for that by moving your tongue. Another method is to make the vowel, hold it, and de-round your lips until you can see your tongue. www.unc.edu /%7Emoreton/Materials/Observing.html

Lip Reading and Speech Reading -- References & Resources on Acoustic Neuroma r may be accompanied with lip rounding in many dialects of English Lips cannot be read exactly, but the visible movements of the lips and tongue can be a clue to what sounds a speaker is making. A good lip reading book will coach you on all the subtle, visible means of distinguishing sounds in English (or other languages, for that matter). anseattle.org /refresspeechlipreading.html

Olle Engstrand Rather, the rounding was interrupted during that interval such that there was a 'trough' in the lip rounding pattern, the duration of which was proportional to the number of consonants in the cluster. Attenuation of sibilant noise also occurs in the case of coarticulated lip rounding, i.e., when lip-rouding pertaining to a rounded vowel is anticipated in or carried over to a sibilant. Thus, in utterances such as at school, the feature 'round' (manifested as lip rounding for the vowel /u/) will be 'spread to the left' across the entire consonant cluster because the consonants /tsk/ are supposed to be 'unmarked for rounding'. www.ling.su.se /staff/olle/REVIEW.html

Special Child: Information Avenue Archives Before she could move to No. 3 for lip rounding, she had to complete 25 repetitions on No. 2. Nancy's plan includes a number of tactics to improve jaw-tongue dissociation, tongue retraction and lip rounding as well as to increase jaw stability. Based on evaluation of Nancy's skills, the therapist and parent were instructed to begin with bubble exercise No. 5 out of eight to build jaw stability and develop lip rounding. www.specialchild.com /archives/ia-051.html

MSU TEAM Program Such description is based on the position of the tongue and the degree of lip rounding which accompanies the production of vowels. Most typically, back vowels will involve a greater degree of lip rounding than front vowels. Vowels are generally classified in terms of articulation (e.i., the position and shape of major articulators, such as tongue, lips, velum, etc.) and/or their acoustic properties (usually by means of the so-called frequency formats f1 and f2). www.msu.edu /~teamprog/vowels_intro.htm

Table of Contents The results revealed that the relative amounts of time devoted to onset and offset of EMG activity for lip rounding are disorganized in apraxia of speech. The timing of lip muscle activity was investigated in monosyllabic words embedded in phrases and in syllable word stems as a function of changes in word length. Specifically, the onset and offset of EMG activity of lip muscles used for production of /u/ in the monosyllables and word stems were examined. www.asha.org /about/publications/journal-abstracts/jslhr/41/04?articleabstract=786

Japanese language - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch The consonant sound {{IPA/ɰ/}} transliterated "w" in Romaji, is not quite a /w/ since it's performed without lip rounding. This vowel is often described as unrounded, but is actually pronounced with "compressed lips", which is a different articulatory gesture from either rounded or unrounded lips: it is unrounded, but with spreading. The "u=" to the right of the diagram are possible narrow transcriptions using IPA, as suggested by Okada (1999). encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /japanese_language.htm

Low Frequency Residual Hearing Revisited For example, it is through hearing the onset of voicing and certain subtle time differences that listeners can distinguish between p, b, and m sounds (which look alike on the lips), or identify which one in the following pairs were spoken, b or p, d or t, k or g, and f or v. Fortuitously, it turns out that many speech sounds which are the most difficult to identify through hearing alone are the easiest to see on the lips and vice-versa, i.e. None of these examples would be visible on the lips. www.hearingresearch.org /Dr.Ross/low_frequency_residual_hearing_r.htm

Why Apriori Phonetic Transcription is Not Possible Lip rounding in Azerbaijani (F. Householder, `Vowel overlap in Azerbaijani' in A. Valdman (ed), Papers...in the Memory of Pierre Delattre (Mouton, 1972). Again vowel harmony based on lip rounding avoids perceptual confusion for speakers (since other vowels in the same word differentiate the words). Two high mid vowels sound the same perceptually yet differ in lip rounding. www.cs.indiana.edu /~lingdept/teach/541/against.transcription.html

[LKS] Scottish QUH In this case you already have the lip rounding in the "oo" sound, so the "w" component is dropped, leaving you with just the aspiration and a pronunciation of Calhoon. In time the heavy breathing aspect was toned down and the lip rounding part came to the fore, so it was written as "wh". (Still, it's not really something one *needs* to be up-to-date on!) The speakers of Old English (or Anglo-Saxon, if you prefer) had a sound the philologists described as a guttural-aspirate with lip- rounding. www.mail-archive.com /lanark-l@rootsweb.com/msg02990.html

AVSP 2003 Abstract: Schwartz et al. Replacing the visual speech cue (the lip rounding gesture) by a nonspeech one with the same temporal pattern (a red bar on a black background, increasing and decreasing in synchrony with the lips) removes the benefit. The experimental trick consists in dubbing the same lip gesture on a number of visually similar but auditorily different configurations, e.g. Recent experiments show that seeing lip movements may improve the detection of speech sounds embedded in noise. www.isca-speech.org /archive/avsp03/av03_019.html

Text-To-Visual/Auditory Speech An example of forward coarticulation is the anticipatory lip rounding at the beginning of the word ``stew''. For example, a consonant could have a low dominance on lip rounding which would allow the intrusion of values of that characteristic from adjacent vowels. In addition to the tongue control parameters, a number of other new (relative to the earlier Parke models) parameters are used in speech control, including parameters to raise the lower lip, roll the lower lip, and translate the jaw forward and backward. www.cis.upenn.edu /~graphics/pelachaud/workshop_face/subsubsection3_8_4_4.html

Secondary articulations (from phonetics) --  Encyclopædia Britannica Added lip rounding is called labialization; it occurs in the formation of several English sounds—e.g., during the pronunciation… A phonetic analysis, for example, will describe how the position of the lips differs when producing the i and u sounds and how the t sound in tar differs from the t in star. In the latter case, if a person holds a tissue before his lips and says tar, the paper will move. www.britannica.com /eb/article-69023

yixu.html In other words, the rate of the lip-rounding movement is constant, but the different shapes of the vocal tract produced by the movement happen to have different acoustic consequences. The aim is to investigate a) how vowel formants relate to the energy peaks in the preceding fricatives, and b) movement patterns of energy peaks in the frication noise as well as in the surrounding vowels. In stage two of the project, two kinds of effects of the rounded vowel on the preceding fricatives, namely, the overall spectral down-shift in the frication noise and the rapid time-varying spectral change will be investigated. web7.mit.edu /HSTSHS/postdocs/yixu.html

Merriam-Webster Online In southern England \ä\ is usually accompanied by some lip rounding and is relatively short in duration. In U.S. speech \ä\ is pronounced with little or no rounding of the lips, and it is fairly long in duration, especially before voiced consonants. As an unstressed vowel before another vowel, \ü\ is often pronounced as a schwa with slight lip rounding that is separated from the following vowel by the glide \w\, as valuing \'val-yand-wi[ng]\. www.m-w.com /help/pronguide.htm

Vocalist.org archive Subject: lip rounding on cardinal vowels (was Re: sustaining high notes) personally don't advocate rounding the [i], [u], and [a] vowels at all. If a little rounding is good, a lot must be better, right? www.vocalist.org /group/vocalist-temporary/message/91.html

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