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Topic: Lipan Apache

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	MSN Encarta - Apache
		The Apache are closely related to the Navajo (Diné); both peoples separated from other Athapaskans in western Canada and migrated to the southwestern United States sometime between 1200 and 1500.
		Apache raids on settlers and migrants crossing their lands continued into the period of American westward expansion and the United States acquisition of New Mexico in 1848.
		The last band of Apache raiders, active in ensuing years under the Chiricahua chief Geronimo, was hunted down in 1886 and sent first to Florida, then to Alabama, and finally to the Oklahoma Territory, where they settled among the Kiowa-Apache.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552000/Apache.html (707 words)

	Lipan Apache - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lipan Apache are also known as Nde buffalo hunters, called by anthropologists and historians for many years as Eastern Apache, Apache de los Llanos, Lipan, Ipande, and other names.
		Lipan Apache is also an Southern Athabaskan language spoken by Meredith Begay, Ted Rodriguez, and others on the Mescalero Apache Reservation.
		The general consensus of the Lipan Apache Committee on the same reservation is that linguistic and anthropological considerations of their cultural extinction are mistaken and incorrect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lipan_Apache (138 words)

	Apache Nation
		Apache is the collective name given to several culturally related tribes of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak an Southern Athabaskan language.
		The primitive Apache was a true nomad, a wandering child of Nature, whose birthright was a craving for the warpath with courage and endurance probably exceeded by no other people and with cunning beyond reckoning.
		At Apache Pass in 1862, Cochise and Colorado, with 500 fighters, held their ground against a force of 3000 California volunteers under Carleton until artillery fire was brought to bear on their position.
	www.crystalinks.com /apache.html (3191 words)

	Encyclopedia: Apache Tribe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Apache is the collective name given to several culturally related tribes of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak an Apachean language (excluding Navajo).
		The major Apache groups include the Jicarilla and Mescalero of New Mexico, the Chiricahua of the Arizona-New Mexico border area, and the Western Apache of Arizona.
		The Chiricahua Apaches were removed from their reservation in 1876 and sent to prison in 1886.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Apache-Tribe (370 words)

	Southern Athabascan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lipan Apache and Plains Apache are nearly extinct (in fact Lipan may already be extinct).
		Nasal vowels are indicated by an ogonek (or nasal hook) diacritic ˛ (borrowed from Polish orthography) in Western Apache, Navajo, Chiricahua, and Mescalero, while in Jicarilla the nasal vowels are indicated by underlining the vowel.
		In Western Apache, there is a practice where orthographic vowels o and oo are written as u in certain contexts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apache_language (2599 words)

	Lipan Apache (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Castro Family oral history suggests that Cuelga de Castro was born in 1762, in the Lipan Apache village on the banks of the San Saba and Colorado Rivers of Texas.
		For the Lipan Apache this was their spiritual and social center and like most Native American peoples, their villages were always located in the vicinity of their dead.
		Cuelga de Castro was born in the Lipan Apache Band Village on the river banks between the San Saba and Colorado Rivers Texas.
	www.indians.org /welker/lipanap.htm (3446 words)

	Lipan Apaches in Texas
		Lipan Apache scouts knew so much about living closely with the earth, that sometimes they seemed to vanish before their pursuing enemies.
		By the Pueblo revolt of 1680, the Lipan were established by their modern cultural identity as a separate tribe who rode horses: this was the beginning of the "Plains Indians".
		The Lipan Apaches arrived in the Texas Panhandle (Llano Estacado) and the Edwards Plateau by 1680, pushing Caddoan and Algonkian tribes eastward.
	www.texasindians.com /apach.htm (2398 words)

	Frontier Forts > The Passing of the Indian Era
		The Lipan Apache were among several Plains tribes pushed southward as pressure for land and resources mounted across the western frontier.
		The "lower," or "southern," Lipan moved south and east, to the fringes of the Edwards Plateau and beyond.
		They were accompanied onto the southern Plains by the Kiowa Apache, a group linguistically related to the Lipan of Texas and Apache of New Mexico, but who had earlier migrated to the north and attached themselves politically to larger and stronger tribes.
	www.texasbeyondhistory.net /forts/indians.html (5738 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: APACHE INDIANS
		The Apache Indians belong to the southern branch of the Athabascan group, whose languages constitute a large family, with speakers in Alaska, western Canada, and the American Southwest.
		The social unit of the Lipan and Mescalero Apaches was the extended family.
		In January 1762 the new Apache mission, San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz, was established on the upper Nueces River halfway between San Saba and the Rio Grande.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/AA/bma33.html (2723 words)

	Apache
		Interestingly, the Apache people actually called themselves the Dine meaning the People, but by other nations they were called the Apache, which is Zuni for “enemy”. They became fierce fighters; they traveled in small bands and became great hunters of buffalo, deer, lizards, and just about any other plains and desert animals.
		This treaty would place the Apaches on an Arizona reservation leaving only small bands of Apache raiders to defend their territory. The Apache raiders were led by Chief Geronimo, who was considered the last great chief of the Apache nation. He and his raiders, terrorized the Southwest until they were finally captured in 1886.
		The Apache culture is similar to the Navaho Nation due to their shared family line. The center of their culture is self-importance. Because of this self-importance, raiding was not only encouraged but was enjoyed.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/apache.html (513 words)

	Lipan Apache Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In July 1852 the Lipan Apache Band of Texas resided at Fort Belknap, Texas on the Clear Fork of the Brazos River with an estimated number of 150 tribal members.
		In 1905 the Lipan Apache Band of Texas resided on the Mescalero Indian Reservation in New Mexico with an estimated number of 20 to 40 tribal members.
		Kickapoo and Lipan Apache raid upon Duval and Nueces counties during April 1878 results in the dead of eighteen civilians and pursuit by army troops.
	www.indians.org /welker/lipanbib.htm (2753 words)

	My Apache Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The name "Apache" means "people of the mountains" and the word Lipan means "warriors of the mountains", a name quite fitting a tribe known for its bravery in battle and its willingness to engage in hostile action rather than avoid it.
		By 1861, the remaining Lipan were forced to relocate to Fort Belknap, Texas, as a sign of allegiance to the US Government which was secretly planning to exterminate the Apache Nation because of their bloodthirsty rampaging against intruders who were trying to settle their native homelands.
		By 1885, barely 20 Lipan Apache had survived, and those were transferred to the control of the Oklahoma Indian Bureau, signifying the end of a people and a nation.
	canoeman.com /ancestors3.html (948 words)

	Lipan Apache Band of Texas, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Lipan Apache Band of Texas, Inc. is a 501 (c) 3 Federal Non-Profit Native American organization serving the cultural, social, educational, economic, and health needs of the descendants of the Lipan Apaches
		To serve as a cultural and social center for the descendants of the Lipan Apaches.
		On May 26, 1999, the Lipan Apache Band of Texas, Inc. received acknowledgment from the Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Branch of Acknowledgment and Research that the Letter of Intent for federal recognition as a Native American tribe as outlined under 25 CFR 83.
	hometown.aol.com /lipanapachetx/lipan.html (421 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: LIPAN, TX
		Lipan is at the intersection of Farm roads 4 and 1189, sixteen miles northwest of Granbury in the northwestern corner of Hood County.
		He called the new community Lipan, after the Lipan Apaches, who reportedly had used the surrounding territory as a hunting ground earlier in the century.
		In 1990 the population of Lipan was 354.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/LL/hll47.html (302 words)

	The Lipan-Apache Story
		The Lipan Apaches is the group that I’m referring to.
		In the book there is a lithograph of a Lipan Apache warrior at their campsite called Lipan Crossing, on the Rio Grande River about 85 miles above the mouth of the Pecos River.
		After the dispersal of the Lipan from Coahuila by MacKenzie and his men, the tribal elders told their sons and daughters to forget their past lives as Apaches and to assimilate into the Mexican population.
	el-mesteno.com /stories/0012lipan.html (482 words)

	History of Lipan, Texas - Hood County, Texas
		Lipan is named for the Lipan Apache Indians who once roamed the Southwest.
		Lipan continues to have an active business district downtown with two funeral chapels, gas stations, grocery store, bank, cafes, general store, feed store, post office, city hall, beauty shops, etc. The school and churches are within walking distance of downtown.
		Lipan, established more than 125 years ago, continues to be "Home" to many honest, decent, hard-working individuals and families.
	www.granburydepot.org /z/biog/LipanHistory.htm (2640 words)

	Lipan Apaches
		The Lipans got along well with their western cousins, the Mescalero Apaches, and poorly with their northern relative, the Jicarillas, with whom they were bitter enemies.
		The Lipans were concentrated on a reserve near Fort Mason in 1852 and on a reservation along the Brazos River in 1854.
		Never a large tribe, the Lipans were eventually consolidated with the Mescalero Apaches.
	www.nps.gov /foda/Fort_Davis_WEB_PAGE/About_the_Fort/Lipan_Apache.htm (212 words)

	All words on Apachean languages
		These languages are spoken by various bands of Apache and Navajo peoples.
		An Apache dictionary (''Western Apache-English Dictionary: A Community-Generated Bilingual Dictionary'') was recently published by Dorothy Bray and the White Mountain Apache Tribe in 1998.
		The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache.
	www.allwords.org /ap/apachean-languages.html (1870 words)

	Lipan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The word Apache means, "People of the Mountains," the word Lipan means, "Warriors of the Mountains." However, to the Lipan Apache Band of Texas, they called themselves the "tindi," which means the above mentioned in their Native language.
		Austin claimed that the Lipan Apache Band of Texas helped in supporting the Revolution in the Province of Texas in the year 1812.
		By 1885 less than 20 Lipan Apache Band members were alive and the U.S. Government later transferred them to the Oklahoma Agency.
	www.wall.netxv.net /TX2K/Lipan.htm (194 words)

	Comanche-Part Two
		Groups of refugee Plains Apache (Lipan and Mescalero) concentrated in southern Texas and New Mexico and began to attack the nearby Spanish settlements.
		These groups of Apache became known as Lipan, and they not only alternately fought and traded with the Tonkawan and Caddo tribes in eastern Texas but were dangerous to the Spanish.
		By 1778 the Lipan and other Apache along the Rio Grande had become a major problem for the Spanish, and they began to consider the possibility of an alliance with the Wichita and Comanches against the Apaches.
	www.dickshovel.com /ComancheTwo.html (4288 words)

	Inde (Apache) Literature
		The Apache are composed of six regional groups: the Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, and Kiowa Apache.
		In 1680 the Apache population was estimated at 5,000; in 1989 it was estimated at about 30,000, of whom most live on reservations.
		"Slender-maiden of the Apache", Pliny Earle Goddard, 1925.
	www.indigenouspeople.net /apache.htm (1469 words)

	Lipan Apache Indian History
		In 1805 the Lipan were reported to be divided into 3 bands, numbering 300, 350, and 100 men, respective: this apparently gave rise to their subdivision by Orozco N, Berra in 1864 into the Lipajenne, Lipanes de Arriba, and Lipanes de Abajo.
		In 1849, under chief Castro, they sided with the Texans againt the Comanche (Schoolcraft, Thirty Years,642, 1851); they were always friendly, with their congeners, the Mescaleros, and with the Tonkawa after 1855, but were enemies of the Jicarillas and the Ute.
		In addition there are one or two Lipan numbered with the 54 Tonkawa under the Ponca, Pawnee, and Oto agency, Oakland reservation, Okla., and a few with the Kiowa Apache in the same territory, making the total population about 35.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/apache/lipan.htm (300 words)

	Lipan Apache Lands
		The Lipans were the branch of Apaches that roamed for the greater part of the time east of the Rio Pecos, and claimed as their own, all that land to the Gulf of Mexico.
		The Lipans were sympathetic to the "white eyes" in that battle, and would have helped the beseiged men if they had been able.
		Antone Apache felt that he, the only unmarried man should be the one to locate the chief and his people, and if possible, bring the others from Mexico.
	rebelcherokee.labdiva.com /lipan.html (819 words)

	Lipan Apache Roles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lipan chiefs were advisors, differing from chiefs often seen on TV in that they did not act as dictators.
		Among the Lipan Apache, the mother determined the membership in the tribe or local group.
		When a man married, he was expected to enter fully into the work of the tribe which he had joined.
	www.geocities.com /liamdanielson/roles.html (243 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Lipan Apache (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Lipan Apaches were one of several southern Athabaskan-speaking tribes that ranged over the southern Great Plains during historic times.
		Three successive missions to the Lipans failed: in northern Coahuila in 1754, on the San Sabá River in 1757, and on the upper Nueces River in 1762-71.
		The Lipans continued to rely on bison meat and hides as fundamental components of their economy even as they migrated ever southward, reaching the Gulf of Mexico by 1796.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_019700_lipanapache.htm (503 words)

	The Texas Apaches
		The Apache were forced south and west in two groups.
		The Lipan group went south into the south Texas region once occupied by the Coahuiltecan cultures and part of the western end of the Karankawa's lands.
		The pink south Texas Coahuiltecan region and the western part of the dark blue Karankawa land is the area the Lipan moved into.
	www.texasindians.com /ap2.htm (2359 words)

	Apaches - Mama Lisa's World: Children's Songs and Rhymes of All Nations
		The Lipan Apaches were one of the most important subgroups of Apaches in Texas.
		The name of the Apache Medicine Man whose songs these belong to is long dead.
		As is Lipan custom, his name is not allowed to be spoken in public.
	www.mamalisa.com /world/apache.html (1125 words)

	Lipan Apache Tribe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Apache tribes are known to be the most fierce of Texas Indians.
		The Lipan Apache Indians however lived and roamed throughout the Texas hill country and up north to the Red River.
		The Apache tribes used very part of the buffalo for the use as food, clothing, and shelter.
	viking.coe.uh.edu /~mroy/edwards/page12.htm (205 words)

	Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Lands
		This is an Independent site dedicated to the history and genealogy of the Kiowa, Comanche and Apache Peoples that lived and still live in the southwestern part of the now state of Oklahoma.
		There was also a small band of the Lipan Tribe in the northeast corner of the reservation.
		Many of the Kiowa, Comanche, Apache men and women were in the Military service during WWI, WWII, Korea and Vietnam during the past century.
	rebelcherokee.labdiva.com /itkiowa-comanche-apache.html (1092 words)

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