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Topic: Lipid membrane

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	Lipid bilayer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A lipid bilayer or bilayer lipid membrane is a membrane or zone of a membrane composed of lipid molecules (usually phospholipids).
		The lipid bilayer is a critical component of all biological membranes, including cell membranes, and so is absolutly essential for all life on earth.
		There are two important regions of a lipid that provide the structure of the lipid bilayer: the hydrophilic region, also called the polar head region, and the hydrophobic, or nonpolar tail region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lipid_bilayer (565 words)

	Membrane Pore
		I propose that the periplastid membrane (PPM, the former algal plasma membrane) of chromalveolates, and possibly chlorarachneans, grows by fusion of vesicles emanating from the NM envelope or PPR.
		Membranes were obtained either as a foam or as a hollow fiber; the foam consisted of interconnected macrocavities (mean diameter about equal to 1mm) while the hollow fiber was a symmetric membrane used for blood ultrafiltration.
		The membrane tension, which is the driving force for pore opening, is relaxed with the opening of a pore and the leakage of the inner liquid; the line tension of the pore's edge is then able to drive the closure of a pore.
	lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu /membrane_pore.htm (15154 words)

	Producing lipid-protein membranes for chemical detection - Patent 4661442
		The accepted method of forming lipid or lipid-protein membranes is to prepare an orifice, such as a pinhole, in a sheet or ticket of material, submerge the ticket in an aqueous phase and paint a lipid or lipid-protein preparation across the membrane.
		The lipid is emulsified by standard emulsification techniques, such as rapid mixing, sonification, release under pressure through a constricted orifice, etc. In the emulsified medium, the aqueous phase is saturated with dissolved lipids, and the undissolved lipids exist as tiny lipid particles or as tiny vescicles known as liposomes.
		When a membrane is formed under water there may be a tendency to leach protein molecules from the lipid-protein composition and for the water to affect the manner in which the proteins are incorporated into the bimolecular lipid layer.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4661442.html (4864 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Lipid raft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A lipid raft is a cholesterol-rich microdomain in cell membranes.
		Since 1972, it has been believed that, in cell membranes, phospholipids and membrane proteins are ubiquitously distributed according to a fluid mosaic model.
		Therefore, lipid rafts are thought to act as a platform for protein segregation and signaling in cells.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Lipid_raft (268 words)

	Membrane Plugin, Version 1.1
		Many of these molecules are membrane proteins, which function may (and often does) critically depend on the structure of the surrounding lipid membrane.
		Since biological membranes are lipid bilayers, the patches included two lipid layers, either layer being a 2-dimensional hexagonal lattice of lipids.
		The lipid tails were (almost) fully extended, allowing for easy inserting proteins (most of which have nearly cylindric shape) into the membrane and, therefore, reducing the required equilibration time.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /Research/vmd/plugins/membrane (681 words)

	1.1 Membrane Structure and Composition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The lipid bilayer is virtually impermeable to large molecules, relatively impermeable to molecules as small as charged ions, and quite permeable to lipid soluble low molecular weight molecules.
		Lipid bilayers are fluid, and individual phospholipids diffuse rapidly throughout the two dimensional surface of the membrane.
		Membrane proteins diffuse throughout the membrane in the same fashion, though at a slower pace because of their massive size (a phospholipid may be 650 d (daltons, or MW), and a medium sized protein can be 100,000 d).
	web.mit.edu /esgbio/www/cb/membranes/structure.html (512 words)

	PHAR 4634 - Chapter 11 Page 2
		By measuring the permeability of various types of compounds across the membranes of a frog muscle he found that lipid molecules could readily cross this membrane, larger lipid insoluble molecules couldn't and small polar compounds could slowly cross the membrane.
		Membranes in different parts of the body have somewhat different characteristics which influence drug action and distribution.
		This parameter is related to the size and lipid solubility of the drug and the viscosity of the diffusion medium, the membrane.
	www.boomer.org /c/p1/Ch11/Ch1102.html (611 words)

	Modeling Lipid Membrane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		All Biological membranes have similar structures: lipid bilayers with membrane proteins.
		These models provide qualitative understanding of membranes but lack biochemical information, whereas atomic scale molecular dynamics simulations provide quantitative details of the membranes but are limited by computation resources.
		Time permitting, I shall briefly review current efforts in developing mesoscopic membrane models, which are a good compromise between efficiency and detail, showing great potential for large scale realistic modeling of lipid membranes.
	www.nd.edu /~cam/seminars/jiang.htm (151 words)

	Membrane Structure and Function (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		amphipathic lipid that is found in lipid bilayers that serves as a temperature-stability buffer
		lipid bilayers, a number of mechanisms exist by which substances are moved across lipid bilayers (movement across membranes is important, for instance as a means of removing wastes from a cell or bringing food into a cell)
		Passive transport is a consequence of movement through the lipid bilayer (whether by diffusion through the membrane or with movement across facilitated by an integral membrane protein)
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/campbl08.htm (1165 words)

	Control of Lipid Membrane Stability by Cholesterol Content -- Raffy and Teissié 76 (4): 2072 -- Biophysical ...
		and in planar lipid membranes (Benz and Zimmermann, 1980
		Lipid vesicles are membrane models that are useful for showing the involvement of lipid clusters if present in cell membranes.
		Hydrophobic barriers of lipid bilayer membranes formed by reduction of water penetration by alkyl chain unsaturation and cholesterol.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/76/4/2072 (4660 words)

	Lipids & Membranes
		The data are from a crystal structure of the lipid bound to a protein, PDB 1T27, solved by M. Yoder, L. Thomas, J. Tremblay, R. Oliver, L. Yarbrough and G. Helmkamp in 2001.
		are invaginated lipid raft domains of the plasma membrane that have roles in cell signaling and membrane internalization.
		is a protein associated with the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane in caveolae.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/lipid.htm (1942 words)

	Effect of pH on the Interfacial Tension of Lipid Bilayer Membrane -- Petelska and Figaszewski 78 (2): 812 -- ...
		The dissociation constants of the lipid membrane are presented as the equations,
		Lipid bilayer membranes in the form of liposomes were also used for these measurements.
		Interfacial tension of the two-component bilayer lipid membrane modelling of the cell membrane.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/78/2/812 (1972 words)

	Lipid Bilayers for RasMol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The molecular dynamics simulations which produced these models were done at the Theoretical Biophysics Group of the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign by Helmut Heller, Michael Schaefer and Klaus Schulten.
		These data files were contributed by the authors under the condition that all derivitive works, including images, plainly include a citation of the original work, H Heller, M Schaefer, & K Schulten, "Molecular dynamics simulation of a bilayer of 200 lipids in the gel and in the liquid-crystal phases", J.
		There is also a movie script of lipid bilayers.
	www.umass.edu /microbio/rasmol/bilayers.htm (293 words)

	Lipid Peroxidation Induces Cholesterol Domain Formation in Model Membranes -- Jacob and Mason 280 (47): 39380 -- ...
		membrane lipids under conditions of oxidative stress (1).
		DLPC membranes containing cholesterol at 0.6 C/P mole ratio were treated with vehicle (A) or vitamin E (B) and exposed to oxidative stress for 24 h.
		Lipid peroxidation is a free radical-mediated reaction that
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/280/47/39380 (4480 words)

	Control of lipid membrane stability by cholesterol content Biophysical Journal - Find Articles
		The membrane is then permeable and prone to solubilized membrane protein back-insertion.
		When lipids are in the gel state, cholesterol has a dose-dependent effect.
		The cholesterol content in the eucaryotic plasma membrane is usually rather high (e.g., larger than 20 wt% in plasma membranes), whereas it is much less in internal membranes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_199904/ai_n8831239 (396 words)

	Vaccinia Virus Intracellular Mature Virions Contain only One Lipid Membrane -- Hollinshead et al. 73 (2): 1503 -- The ...
		The single electron-translucent membrane (white) is covered by a layer of spicules on the convex surface.
		The membrane is shown at an oblique angle at a 0° tilt (A) and at a 20° tilt (B).
		of an enclosing membrane by a one-to-one fusion of the IMV and
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/2/1503 (7576 words)

	Department Model Membranes
		Thermodynamics and stability of biopolymers, detergent-nonlamellar lipid phases and biomembrane fragments.
		Lipid membrane interactions with natural and synthetic bioactive molecules.
		Wolf C, Quinn P, Koumanov K, Chachaty C, Tenchov B (1999) Physical arrangement of membrane lipids susceptible to being used in the process of cell sorting of proteins.
	www.bio21.bas.bg /ibf/MM_dept.html (946 words)

	Diabetes Deception
		It appears that when insulin binds to a cell membrane receptor, it initiates a complex cascade of biochemical reactions inside the cell.
		A healthy plasma cell membrane, now known to be an active player in the glucose scenario, contains a complement of cis type w=3 unsaturated fatty acids.
		However when the fine capillaries in the basement membranes of the kidneys begin to leak due to chronic high blood glucose, the kidneys compensate by laying down scar tissue to prevent the leakage.
	www.detoxifynow.com /diabetes_deception.html (6055 words)

	Download\chap10
		Wagner, M. L., Tamm, L. K., Tethered polymer-supported planar lipid bilayers for reconstitution of integral membrane proteins: Silane-polyethyleneglycol-lipid as a cushion and covalent linker, BIOPHYS.
		Tien, H. and Ottova-Leitmannova, A.: Membrane biophysics: As viewed from experimental bilayer lipid membranes (planar lipid bilayers and spherical liposomes).
		bilayer lipid membranes (planar lipid bilayers and spherical liposomes), Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York (2000).
	www.msu.edu /user/ottova/chap10.html (6639 words)

	NEXUS: The Diabetes Deception
		When in the membrane, they migrate to special areas of the membrane called caveolae areas.16 There, by another series of biochemical reactions, they identify and hook up with glucose molecules and transport them into the interior of the cell by a process called endocytosis.
		Many of the molecules involved in these glucose- and insulin-mediated pathways are lipids; that is, they are fatty acids.
		A healthy plasma cell membrane, now known to be an active player in the glucose scenario, contains a complement of cis-type w=3 unsaturated fatty acids.17 This makes the membrane relatively fluid and slippery.
	www.nexusmagazine.com /articles/DiabetesDeception.html (5509 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Samaritan Cardiac Services will host a free heart health screening at Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center from 8 a.m.
		Screenings include total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipid levels, glucose and blood pressure checks.
		Under the Influence of Alcohol: The Effect of Ethanol and Methanol on Lipid Bilayers (RedNova)
	lipid.info-dig.info /membranelipids.aspx (48 words)

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