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Topic: Lipodystrophies

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	Session 4: Related Syndromes - The Body
		These lipodystrophies have been known for more than 100 years, and are characterized by selective loss of body fat that can vary from small indentations or depressed areas in patients with localized lipodystrophies to near complete absence of adipose tissue in generalized lipodystrophies.
		Patients with acquired generalized lipodystrophy have generalized loss of subcutaneous fat but those with acquired partial lipodystrophy have fat loss limited to face, trunk and upper extremities.
		Localized lipodystrophies can be due to drugs (at the site of injection of insulin, steroids), repeated pressure at a site, panniculitis (inflammation of adipose tissue), due to centrifugal variety (a rare disease described mainly in Japan), or due to unknown mechanisms.
	www.thebody.com /content/art15343.html (588 words)

	Lipodystrophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lipodystrophy is a medical condition characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue.
		A lipodystrophy can be a lump or small dent in the skin that forms when a person keeps performing injections in the same spot.
		One of the side-effects of lipodystrophy is the rejection of the injected medication, the slowing down of the absorption of the medication, or trauma that can cause bleeding that, in turn, will reject the medication.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lipodystrophy (318 words)

	Lipodystrophy.Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Lipodystrophies are disorders of adipose tissue (fat) characterized by selective loss of fat from various parts of the body.
		There are several different types of lipodystrophies and the degree of fat loss may vary from very small depressed areas to near complete absence of adipose tissue.
		Inherited lipodystrophies are caused by mutations (alterations or blips) in a gene.
	www.swmed.edu /lipodystrophy/intro.htm (394 words)

	eMedicine - Lipodystrophy, Localized : Article by Robert A Schwartz
		Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of diseases clinically characterized by a congenital or acquired loss of fat in circumscribed, partial, or diffuse areas of the body.
		Centrifugal lipodystrophy or lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis is the best-characterized subset.
		Centrifugal lipodystrophy is characterized by a loss of fat in the depressed area and evidence of panniculitis in the surrounding inflammatory area.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/topic884.htm (2652 words)

	Lipodystrophy
		Lipodystrophies may affect a small area of the body, a large part of the body, or the entire body.
		Partial Lipodystrophy may be either inherited or acquired and is usually marked by the absence of fat tissue under the skin.
		It resembles congenital Total Lipodystrophy due to the occurrence of Acanthosis Nigricans, excessive amounts of lipid in the blood (hyperlipidemia), and liver-spleen enlargement (hepatosplenomegaly) which may be due to cirrhosis of the liver.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord460.htm (2439 words)

	CIGNA - Lipodystrophy
		Lipodystrophies may affect a small area of the body, a large part of the body, or the entire body.
		It resembles congenital Total Lipodystrophy due to the occurrence of Acanthosis Nigricans, excessive amounts of lipid in the blood (hyperlipidemia), and liver-spleen enlargement (hepatosplenomegaly) which may be due to cirrhosis of the liver.
		Lipodystrophy research is being conducted at the University of Texas Southwester Medical Center in Dallas under the direction of Dr. Adhimanyu Garg.
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/nord460.html (2660 words)

	Annual Report on the Rare Diseases and Conditions Research Activities of the National Institutes of Health FY 2000 - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Lipodystrophies are a group of conditions caused by abnormal lipid metabolism resulting in the reduction or absence of fatty (adipose) tissue.
		The lipodystrophies may be acquired or inherited, and both the anatomic location and degree of fat loss vary among the different disorders.
		This year the gene for this form of lipodystrophy was localized to 9q.
	rarediseases.info.nih.gov /html/reports/fy2000/niddk.html (2446 words)

	DiabetoValens.com - The Diabetes Guide
		Lipodystrophy is an abnormality of adipose tissue (fat) marked by selective loss of fat tissue from different parts of the body.
		There are different types of lipodystrophies and the extent of fat loss may differ from small-depressed areas to near complete absence of fat.
		This type of lipodystrophies are associated with HIV and similar other severe infections affecting the human immune system.
	my.diabetovalens.com /complications/lipo.asp (612 words)

	UT Southwestern researchers cite recent advances in underlying causes of rare body-fat disorders
		UT Southwestern researchers have led the way in identifying gene mutations responsible for several forms of lipodystrophies and in identifying novel therapeutic approaches for these patients.
		Acquired lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients is, by far, the most prevalent type, affecting more than 100,000 Americans, said Dr. Garg.
		Garg has also studied more than 200 families with various types of inherited lipodystrophies and hundreds of patients with HIV who have developed this condition.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-03/uots-usr031604.php (484 words)

	Research provides better understanding of lipodystrophies disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		More than a decade of work conducted by UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas researchers has led to a better understanding of the underlying causes of lipodystrophies - disorders characterized by the selective loss of fat tissues, resulting in metabolic complications, such as severe diabetes and high blood cholesterol levels.
		By gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to both inherited and acquired lipodystrophies, researchers hope to discover new therapeutic approaches to prevent the loss of fat tissues and prevent or possibly delay the onset of metabolic complications associated with these disorders.
		Garg and his collaborators are currently evaluating three low-risk therapeutic measures in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophies to lower cholesterol levels and improve insulin resistance.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=60 (604 words)

	UpToDate Lipodystrophic syndromes
		Clinically, patients with severe lipodystrophy have severe insulin resistance and a group of unique features, such as severe hyperlipidemia, progressive liver disease, and increased metabolic rate (show table 1).
		Acquired and congenital lipodystrophies may also be associated with proteinuric kidney diseases, and renal biopsy of patients with nephrotic range proteinuria has revealed focal glomerulosclerosis or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis [2,3].
		A widely accepted classification of the various types of lipodystrophies is presented in table 2 (show table 2).
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=diabetes/23483 (363 words)

	FATTY LIVER: it's affect in HIV & hepatitis
		Congenital generalized lipodystrophy is characterized by nearly absent peripheral fat, severe hepatic steatosis, and a significant risk for cirrhosis.....
		The absence of peripheral fat in the lipodystrophies also impairs leptin signaling because of a deficiency of adipocyte-derived leptin.
		The efficacy of troglitazone in lipodystrophy suggests a primary effect on lipid metabolism.
	www.natap.org /2003/april/043003_8.htm (4734 words)

	NEW LIPODYSTROPHY CLINIC AT HOPKINS FOCUSES ON FAT AND METABOLISM PROBLEMS UNIQUE TO HIV/AIDS TREATMENT
		Up to 50 percent of patients on HIV medications, or so-called drug cocktails, experience lipodystrophy, conditions that broadly include increased rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes; development of fat inside the abdomen, or fat loss and wasting in the buttocks, face, limbs and some areas of skin; elevated blood cholesterol levels; and osteoporosis.
		Now the long-term effects of this are becoming clear, and the problems with lipodystrophy and body metabolism can be severe," said HIV specialist and director of the new clinic Joseph Cofrancesco Jr., M.D., M.P.H., associate professor of medicine at Hopkins.
		It is not yet known if lipodystrophies are primarily long-term complications of medications needed to keep in check the body’s HIV levels, or physiological effects of the virus over time.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /Press_releases/2004/10_21_04.html (612 words)

	Vidyya Medical News Service - Today in Vidyya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Leptin is a protein produced by fat cells and is nearly absent in patients with generalized lipodystrophies -- disorders which result in extreme loss of body fat.
		Generalized lipodystrophies are associated with metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, high blood cholesterol and an accumulation of fat in the liver.
		Eight of the participants were diabetic and all nine participants had high triglycerides levels ranging from 445 to 9,560 milligrams per deciliter.
	www.vidyya.com /vol4/v4i67_2.htm (533 words)

	[No title]
		DALLAS - Feb. 21, 2002 - Leptin replacement therapy drastically reduces triglyceride levels and controls diabetes in patients with rare fat disorders known as lipodystrophies, according to researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
		Leptin is a protein produced by fat cells and is nearly absent in patients with generalized lipodystrophies - disorders which result in extreme loss of body fat.
		It may not be a cure all for lipodystrophies, because there are several forms of the condition, but we¡¯ve shown that leptin therapy is effective in diabetes control and decreases triglycerides and the accumulation of fat in the liver.¡±
	bric.postech.ac.kr /bbs/trend/0202/020221-11.html (511 words)

	[P3] NON-HIV LIPODYSTROPHY: FOCUS ON INHERITED LIPODYSTROPHIES
		Because patients with inherited lipodystrophies have insulin resistance that progresses to type 2 diabetes, these disorders are considered to be monogenic model systems for the metabolic syndrome (MetS).
		Inherited lipodystrophies can involve a complete loss of fat from childhood, such as that seen in autosomal recessive Berardinelli-Seip congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL).
		In contrast, familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is characterized by fat loss from limbs and the gluteal region at puberty, with preservation of central, facial and visceral fat.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/lipo/2004/P3.html (400 words)

	Research Laboratories
		We are investigating the molecular mechanisms of lipodystrophies for both the genetic and acquired varieties.
		Opportunities are available to study the mechanism involved, which cause lipodystrophies, by recently identified genes.
		Because of the genetic heterogeneity of the lipodystrophies, identification of additional genes will become necessary using positional cloning approaches.
	www3.utsouthwestern.edu /nutritiondivision/laboratories.htm (121 words)

	Current Medicinal Chemistry–Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Volume 2, No. 4, 2002
		Lipodystrophy syndromes, which include both genetic and acquired forms, resemble the insulin resistance syndrome, particularly with respect to the presence of associated biochemical disturbances such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
		Since the discovery in 1999 that mutant LMNA causes Dunnigan-type partial lipodystrophy, human mutations in three other genes have been implicated in inherited lipodystrophy syndromes, namely PPARG in partial lipodystrophy, and AGPAT and BSCL2 in complete lipodystrophy.
		Delineation of the human molecular genetic basis of forms of inherited lipodystrophy may help to identify pathways and molecular targets for the common insulin resistance syndrome and for acquired drug-induced lipodystrophy syndromes.
	www.bentham.org /cmciema/contabs/cmciema2-4.htm (1554 words)

	Leptin replacement reduces metabolic abnormalities in patients with lipodystrophies. \| Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week ...
		Leptin replacement reduces metabolic abnormalities in patients with lipodystrophies.
		1902 MAR 30 - (NewsRx.com & NewsRx.net) -- Leptin replacement therapy drastically reduces triglyceride levels and controls diabetes in patients with rare fat disorders known as lipodystrophies, according to researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
		Leptin is a protein produced by fat cells and is nearly absent in patients with generalized lipodystrophies - disorders that result in extreme loss of body fat.
	www.accessmylibrary.com /coms2/summary_0286-42714_ITM (164 words)

	Bowcock Laboratory Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The lipodystrophies are disorders associated with partial or complete loss of body fat.
		"Mutational and haplotype analyses of families with familial partial lipodystrophy (Dunnigan variety) reveal recurrent missense mutations in the globular C-terminal domain of lamin A/C" Am J Hum Genet 66(4):1192-1198, 2000.
		"A gene for congenital generalized lipodystrophy maps to human chromosome 9q34" J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 3390-3394, 1999.
	hg.wustl.edu /bowcock/lipo.html (270 words)

	Arch Dermatol -- Of Mice and Men: The Road to Understanding the Complex Nature of Adipose Tissue and Lipoatrophy, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.
		have been produced that mimic the human forms of lipodystrophy.
		The lipodystrophies are a group of disorders characterized by
	archderm.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/extract/139/1/81 (182 words)

	Altered pre-lamin A processing is a common mechanism leading to lipodystrophy -- Capanni et al. 14 (11): 1489 -- Human ...
		Altered pre-lamin A processing is a common mechanism leading to lipodystrophy -- Capanni et al.
		Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of human disorders
		Agarwal, A.K. and Garg, A. (2002) A novel heterozygous mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy.
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/11/1489 (6959 words)

	Leptin therapy helps patients with rare disorder Nutrition Health Review - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Leptin replacement therapy drastically reduces triglyceride levels and controls diabetes in patients with rare fat disorders known as lipodystrophies, according to researchers at the University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
		Leptin, a protein produced by fat cells, is nearly absent in patients with generalized lipodystrophies--disorders that result in extreme loss of body fat.
		Eight of the participants had diabetes, and all nine participants had high triglyceride levels ranging from 445 to 9,560 milligrams per deciliter (mg./dl.).
	calbears.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0876/is_85/ai_106027174 (463 words)

	The Mechanisms of Lipodystrophy - The Body
		This hormone has proven to be successful in the treatment of some congenital lipodystrophies, so there is strong interest in its potential for the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
		Congenital lipodystrophies are rare genetic diseases whose phenotype reminds all of us of HIV patients with lipodystrophy.
		Leptin treatment of patients with congenital lipodystrophies improved those metabolic abnormalities associated with their disease: triglycerides, markers of insulin resistance and diabetes and fat infiltration of the liver.
	www.thebody.com /confs/adrl2002/tebas3.html (932 words)

	Corante > Living Code > Fat Problems
		There are several types of these lipodystrophies and they an cause a range of disorders.
		While rare, there is an increasing number of AIDS patients taking protease inhibitors that are developling lipodystrophies.
		Interestingly, lipodystrophies can produce diabetes and high triglycerides, something seen in people with exactly the opposite problem, too much weight.
	www.corante.com /livingcode/archives/003089.html (217 words)

	AIDS Virus Lurks in Fat Cells, French Study Finds
		France Pietri-Rouxel and colleagues found HIV in the fat tissue of patients with irregular fat deposits known as lipodystrophies - a side-effect of long-term drug treatment for the virus.
		They stumbled upon the finding when Pietri-Rouxel, a specialist in fat tissue, was removing fat from the stomachs of HIV patients with lipodystrophy and injecting the fat back into their cheeks to help fill
		Jacques Leibowich of Hôpital Foch in Suresnes asked her for samples of the fat tissue for an unrelated study he was doing.
	www.waifaction.org /pages/s.0006/t.15.html (371 words)

	Regalo LaserSkinCare
		Reduction in cellulite and contouring of lipodystrophies (unwanted lumps, bumps and bulges) are the treatment goals for Vela Smooth ; most patients achieve some reduction in circumferential measurement around treated areas.
		Most patients achieve noticeable changes in contouring and skin tightening after 10 sessions, and first start seeing a difference after the first 5-6 treatment sessions.
		Some patients with more severe cellulite or lipodystrophy would benefit from continuing the twice weekly protocol for up to 16 sessions.
	www.regalolaserskincare.com /faq_velasmooth.asp (498 words)

	Obesity/Activity - Spina Bifida Association
		Included are four congenital lipodystrophies-occult spinal disraphism, osteogenesis imperfecta, congenital lipomatosis difusa, and Klinefelter syndrome-and five acquired ones-posttraumatic lipoma, posttraumatic asymmetry, insulinic hypertrophic lipodystrophy, adiposis dolorosa, and TRAM flap.
		Particular features of each lipodystrophy are reviewed and details of fat distribution and density are described.
		On the other hand, we wish to point out the importance of recognizing and correctly diagnosing some specific lipodystrophies that are part of defined clinical patterns and that require an integral therapeutic approach
	www.sbaa.org /site/c.gpILKXOEJqG/b.2021745/k.9071/ObesityActivity.htm (1011 words)

	NEJM -- Acquired and Inherited Lipodystrophies
		Abhimanyu Garg, M.D. Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.
		Abhimanyu Garg, M.D. Lipodystrophies are clinically heterogeneous acquired or inherited
		From the Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/350/12/1220 (995 words)

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