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Topic: Lipoprotein

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Low density lipoprotein

Lipoprotein lipase

High density lipoprotein

LDL cholesterol

Chylomicron

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	Familial Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Clearance of chylomicrons from the plasma is impaired, causing triglycerides to accumulate in plasma and the plasma to have a milky ("lactescent" or "lipemic") appearance.
		In familial LPL deficiency, clearance of chylomicrons from the plasma is impaired, causing triglycerides to accumulate in plasma and the plasma to have a milky ("lactescent" or "lipemic") appearance.
		Lipoprotein lipase is a glycoprotein that is synthesized in adipose tissue and cardiac and skeletal muscle, but not in the postpartum liver.
	www.geneclinics.org /profiles/lpl/details.html (4011 words)

	Patient Information - Lipoprotein Risk Factors
		Lipoproteins are tiny spherical particles which circulate in the blood.
		Abnormalities of the amounts or kinds of lipoproteins in blood can cause increased risk of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (leading to heart attack, angina or coronary pain, or sudden death) and atherosclerosis in many other arteries in the body (leading to stroke, aneurysm, or gangrene).
		The risk from lipoprotein abnormalities can be especially severe, if a very high elevation of one type of lipoprotein is present, or if several lipoprotein abnormalities are found together in one person.
	www.lipid.org /clinical/patients/1000001.php (990 words)

	High Levels of Lipoprotein:Cardiac Trouble, Women - Heart Disease and other cardiovascular conditions on MedicineNet.com
		"Lipoprotein (a) is a protein that tends to be measured in hospital patients," said study author Dr. Jacqueline Suk Danik, whose report is published in the Sept. 20 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
		Studies on lipoprotein (a) and its value as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in both men and women have yielded conflicting results over the years.
		The test is best reserved, they said, for those with a strong family history of cardiovascular disease, those diagnosed with cardiovascular disease without any obvious risk factors (such as high blood pressure), and those who keep having heart attacks and strokes even if they are receiving medical care to control their risk factors.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=64241 (771 words)

	Patient Information - Lipoprotein (a) - A Hidden Risk Factor for Heart Disease and Stroke
		Both lipoprotein (a) and LDL are rich in cholesterol and contribute to atherosclerosis of the blood vessels.
		Lipoprotein (a) levels are largely set by a person's genes - the levels you may have typically run in your family.
		Lipoprotein (a) levels are generally checked in patients with a strong family history of heart disease and in patients whose cholesterol levels indicate a high lipoprotein (a) level may be present.
	www.lipid.org /clinical/patients/1000002.php (511 words)

	Genomics\|HuGENet\|e-Journal\|Longevity & CETP
		Additionally, a study of the siblings of centenarians showed that their likelihood of reaching 100 was increased 17-fold (males) and 8-fold (females) compared with a control cohort of persons born in 1900 ascertained from US Social Security Administration records (3).
		However, the lipoprotein particle size, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), was increased in both the probands and their offspring compared with both control groups.
		Modifications of lipoproteins and their pathways are biologically plausible mediators of longevity; probands and their offspring had markedly reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease compared with controls.
	www.cdc.gov /genomics/hugenet/ejournal/lipoprotein.htm (1321 words)

	Program Files\Netscape\Communicator\Program\PATHCASE\lipomet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Lipoproteins are composed of a neutral core of cholesterol and triacylglycerols.
		The lipoproteins leave the intestines in the form of chylomicrons.
		The enzyme lipoprotein lipase found on capillary endothelial cells in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the heart liberates free fatty acids which are taken up and remetabolized to triglycerides for storage.
	www.med.usf.edu /CLASS/jennifer/lipomet.htm (403 words)

	NASA - Exploration Systems - Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility - Crystallization of Human Low Density ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Lipoproteins are a complex of one or more lipids (fatty compounds that are characteristically insoluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents) bound to one or more proteins.
		Lipoproteins are a complex of one or more lipids bound to one or more proteins that transport water-insoluble fats in the blood.
		Fatty acids and steroids such as LDL cholesterol (a leading cause of heart disease and hardening of the arteries) are transported through the bloodstream by lipoproteins.
	exploration.nasa.gov /programs/station/APCF-Lipoprotein.html (1575 words)

	Apolipoprotein AI Mutations and Information
		It is transported through the bloodstream as lipoproteins; but in isolation it would congeal into a solid.
		Cholesterol in HDL lipoproteins is called "good" cholesterol, because HDL can capture and remove cholesterol from the arteries and get transported out of the blood stream through the liver.
		This occurs through two distinct mechanisms: a) nonspecific interaction of lipoprotein acceptors with the cell, and diffusion of cholesterol from the cell membrane onto the lipoprotein surface, and b) interaction of lipid-free apolipoproteins with specific acceptor sites on the cell surface.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/information/apolipoprotein.html (3739 words)

	The Structure of Human Lipoprotein A-I. EVIDENCE FOR THE "BELT" MODEL -- Koppaka et al. 274 (21): 14541 -- Journal of ...
		When the lipoprotein complexes in the subphase adsorbed onto the portion of the monolayer that was in contact with the crystal, they attenuated the evanescent field created by each internal reflection and produced an absorption spectrum.
		Lipoprotein adsorption occurs to a significant extent only in the presence of calcium, demonstrating that unadsorbed complexes do not contribute to the spectroscopic signal and suggesting that calcium ions form bridges between the seryl headgroups in the monolayer and in the complexes.
		PATIR-FTIR spectra of methylene stretching bands of the lipoprotein hA-I complex (a), lipid ester and protein amide I bands of the lipoprotein hA-I complex (b), and the amide I band of apoprotein hA-I (c).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/21/14541 (3189 words)

	Lipoprotein Distribution of a Novel Endotoxin Antagonist, E5531, in Plasma from Human Subjects with Various Lipid ...
		Plasma lipoprotein distribution of liposomal nystatin is influenced by protein content of high-density lipoproteins.
		The hypertriglyceridemia of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of low-density lipoprotein subclass pattern.
		A comparison of step-gradient and sequential density ultracentrifugation and the use of lipoprotein deficient plasma controls in determining the plasma lipoprotein distribution of lipid-associated nystatin and cyclosporine.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/10/2562 (1842 words)

	lipoprotein. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The lipoprotein complex of proteins and steroids is usually provided by a weak, noncovalent interaction; proteins complexed with some other lipids do so by the information of covalent chemical bonds.
		There are several types of lipoproteins present in human blood, including low-density lipoproteins (LDL)—large molecules with a high percentage of protein—and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)—smaller cells with low percentage of protein.
		Cell membranes are essentially lipoprotein in nature; the membrane is a continuous sheet of lipid molecules, largely phospholipids, in close association with proteins that either face one side of the membrane or penetrate all the way through the membrane.
	www.bartleby.com /65/li/lipoprot.html (231 words)

	LDL (low-density lipoprotein) definition - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and heart ...
		LDL (low-density lipoprotein): A molecule that is a combination of lipid (fat) and protein.
		Lipoproteins are the form in which lipids are transported in the blood.
		Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol from the liver to the tissues of the body.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6232 (141 words)

	Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency Information on Healthline
		Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by deficient activity of an
		(lipoprotein lipase) that breaks down fat molecules, causing the accumulation of large quantities of fat (lipoproteins) in the blood.
		The chylomicrons are not broken down properly because of the deficiency of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme.
	www.healthline.com /adamcontent/familial-lipoprotein-lipase-deficiency (572 words)

	Obesity Online Slides: lipoprotein, triglycerides, LDL subclasses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are known, however, to consist of a number of distinct subclasses, ranging from larger, more buoyant and lipid-enriched particles to smaller, more dense, and lipid-depleted particles.
		In the case of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), numerous studies, such as this early analysis from the Framingham Heart Study, have shown that is has an inverse relationship with coronary heart disease risk.
		The ratio of total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a good index of the relative contribution of atherogenic vs. antiatherogenic lipoproteins to coronary heart disease risk.
	www.obesityonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=lipoprotein (1284 words)

	Triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein margination: a potential surrogate for whole-body lipoprotein lipase activity and ...
		Lipoprotein lipase in human plasma is mainly inactive and associated with cholesterol-rich lipoproteins.
		A new method for the measurement of lipoprotein lipase in postheparin plasma using sodium dodecyl sulfate for the inactivation of hepatic triglyceride lipase.
		Lipoprotein lipase activity is decreased in a large cohort of patients with coronary artery disease and is associated with changes in lipids and lipoproteins.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/80/1/45 (4492 words)

	Lipid Digestion and Lipoproteins
		In the capillaries of adipose tissue and muscle, the fatty acids of chylomicrons are removed from the triacylglycerols by the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is found on the surface of the endothelial cells of the capillaries.
		For example, because lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis is regulated by insulin, LPL deficiencies leading to Type I hyperlipoproteinemia may occur as a secondary outcome of diabetes mellitus.
		Drug treatment to lower plasma lipoproteins and/or cholesterol is primarily aimed at reducing the risk of athersclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease that exists in patients with elevated circulating lipids.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/lipoproteins.html (2883 words)

	Clinical Trial: Genetics of Low Density Lipoprotein Subclasses in Hypercholesterolemia
		Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying variations in both lipoprotein and apoprotein levels among individuals is essential to elucidating the etiology of coronary heart disease in the general population.
		However, familial hypercholesterolemia is a relatively rare disorder: the prevalence of heterozygotes is estimated to be 1 in 500, homozygotes 1 in a million.
		Linkage analysis of low-density lipoprotein subclass phenotypes and the apolipoprotein B gene.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/gui/show/NCT00005203 (968 words)

	Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and ...
		Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and {alpha}-cyclodextrin sulfate -- Sugiuchi et al.
		Effects of POE-POP on relative reactivities of cholesterol in various lipoprotein fractions in the presence of CHER (1 kU/L) and CHOD (3 kU/L) in MOPS buffer (pH 7.0) at 37 °C:, chylomicron.
		Warnick GR, Knopp RH, Fitzpatrick V, Bronson L. Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/44/3/522 (4647 words)

	The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: Triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein, and ...
		It is apparent, as in most lipoprotein fractions, that HDL is a heterogeneous collection of particles of differing size and composition and that subpopulations of HDL are altered in many of the dyslipidemias.
		In this scenario, HDL would be the lipoprotein interactive with the plaque formation mechanisms, but triglyceride would play an important role in establishing the type, size, and quantity of HDL particles.
		Studies should be initiated to determine the association of CHD with cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions in minority populations.
	consensus.nih.gov /1992/1992TriglycerideHDLCoronary089html.htm (6495 words)

	Acute effects of ingestion of black and green tea on lipoprotein oxidation -- Hodgson et al. 71 (5): 1103 -- American ...
		of lipoproteins from the aqueous phase of serum.
		lipoprotein fatty acids occurs in the presence of the aqueous
		Unexpected dose response of copper concentration on lipoprotein oxidation in serum: discovery of a unique peroxidase-like activity of urate/albumin in the presence of high copper concentrations.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/71/5/1103 (3631 words)

	OBGYN.net Extremely High Levels of Lipoprotein(a) in Women Associated With Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Events
		Chicago - Women with extremely high levels of lipoprotein(a), particularly those with high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, have an increased risk for cardiovascular events, according to a study in the September 20 issue of JAMA.
		Lipoprotein(a) is a specific class of lipoprotein particles found in human plasma, and differs from low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), according to background information in the article.
		In analyses controlling for age, smoking, blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, hormone use, C-reactive protein (CRP), and randomization treatment groups, women in the highest quintile of lipoprotein(a) were 1.47 times more likely to develop cardiovascular events than women in the lowest quintile.
	www.obgyn.net /displayarticle.asp?page=/news/lipoprotein_cardiovascular (416 words)

	High density lipoprotein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		High-density lipoproteins (HDL) form a class of lipoproteins, varying somewhat in their size (8-11 nm in diameter) and contents, that carry cholesterol from the body's tissues to the liver.
		The liver synthesises these lipoproteins as complexes of apolipoproteins and phospholipid, which resemble cholesterol-free flattened spherical lipoprotein particles.
		This ratio of large HDL to total HDL particles varies widely and is only measured by more sophisticated lipoprotein assays using either electrophoresis, the original method developed in the 1970s or newer NMR spectroscopy methods, developed in the 1990s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/High_density_lipoprotein (661 words)

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