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Topic: Liposomes

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	ClodronateLiposomes.org: ClodronateLiposomes.org
		Liposomes are artificially prepared lipid vesicles that can be used to encapsulate molecules such as clodronate, solved in aqueous solutions.
		After injection, liposomes will be ingested and digested by macrophages followed by intracellular release and accumulation of clodronate.
		Moreover, promising results were obtained by application of clodronate liposomes for suppression of macrophage activity in various models of autoimmune diseases, transplantation, neurological disorders and gene therapy.
	www.clodronateliposomes.org (204 words)

	Ultrasound-guided liposomes boost imaging, target drug/gene therapy
		Once they reach their target in the arteries, the echogenic liposomes, or ELIPs, produce an acoustic shadow that improves ultrasound's ability to visualize and diagnose the extent of plaques or clots within the arteries.
		Liposomes are used in the cosmetic industry to transport small molecules into cells.
		The liposome wall is similar in composition to the material of cell membranes.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-01/nu-ulb012204.php (345 words)

	Free cosmetics- Free Liposomes Wrinkle Creme with Alpha-Hydroxy
		Free cosmetics- Free Liposomes Wrinkle Creme with Alpha-Hydroxy
		All it takes is 3 simple steps 2 times each day for beautiful, healthy looking skin.
		Skin Enhancemnet Equation Kit Liposomes Creme with Alpha-Hydroxy
	www.aektacosmetics.com (32 words)

	Patent 6,726,925
		In producing liposomes according to the present invention, it is preferable during processing of the liquid phase membranes to maintain a concentration of surface active agent monomer both inside and outside the liposome, to avoid a concentration gradient that would deplete the surface active agent concentration in the membrane.
		Liposomes of the present invention may be formulated to include polymer-grafted lipids, as is known in the art, to decrease liposome uptake by the RES and thus increase the circulation time of the liposomes.
		Liposomes of the present invention may be administered using methods that are known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to delivery into the bloodstream of a subject or subcutaneous or intramuscular, or intracavity (peritneum or joint, or eye etc) administration of liposomes.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2004/April2004/042704/6726925_Liposomes042704.htm (6597 words)

	Liposome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A liposome is a spherical vesicle with a membrane composed of a phospholipid and cholesterol bilayer.
		The use of liposomes for transformation or transfection of DNA into a host cell is known as lipofection.
		These liposomes are known as "stealth liposomes", and are constructed with PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) studding the outside of the membrane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liposome (703 words)

	CiteULike: Contact-dependent, immunecomplex-mediated lysis of hapten-sensitized liposomes. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Large unilamellar liposomes (d approximately 160 nm) composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (80-90%), a negatively charged phospholipid stabilizer (10-20%), and a small amount (0.1-1%) of a haptenated lipid are unusually stable in divalent cation-free isotonic buffer at pH 7.4.
		However, the liposomes undergo a rapid (1 h) aggregation and lysis reaction in the presence of free bivalent anti-hapten antibody.
		The liposome destabilization was immunospecific in that it did not occur with the normal IgG or in the presence of excess free hapten.
	www.citeulike.org /user/biblio24/article/804021 (344 words)

	Method for preparing liposomes - Patent 5653996
		Liposome Components are typically amphipathic materials which can form a closed lamellar bilayer phase (referred to herein as "bilayer forming materials"), plus additional materials to be delivered or useful in targeting delivery or conferring useful properties on the liposome such as extended half-life, and solvent.
		Liposomes made according to this invention are also used to delivery nucleic acids for gene therapy, to provide properly functioning replacement genes, or to introduce a new or enhanced gene functionality.
		Liposome pastes or foams are suitable for application to burned or broken skin, ocular tissue, and in body cavities, where the high viscosity of the material helps maintain the material at the site of the application.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5653996.html (9382 words)

	Liposomes with a filling, or new potential in the fight with tuberculosis
		The idea to use liposomes as a means to deliver the medicine substance in the patient’s organism is, generally speaking, incredibly enticing and attempts to develop such a form of treatment have been ongoing for several years.
		If one breathes a suspension of such beads, the greater part of the liposomes, together with their content, will go directly to the lungs, which is of course of particular importance in the treatment of pulmonary forms of tuberculosis.
		This means that the liposomes have to be dried so that only water needs to be added to the ampoule and the ampoule shaken prior to use.
	www.belarusembassy.org /science/liposomes.htm (716 words)

	Potential of polysaccharide anchored liposomes in drug delivery, targeting and immunization
		In the development of polysaccharide anchored liposomes for therapeutic purposes, it is important to consider the mechanisms and methodologies of the polysaccharide association with the bilayer membrane and resultant effect on the bilayer permeability, fluidity, and integrity.
		The coating of liposomes with various oligosaccharides and yeast derived mannan drastically enhanced the induction of ovalbumin-specific delayed-type footpad swelling response in Balb/c mice with a peak at 24 to 48 host-challenge (93).
		The mannan- coated liposome was included in the study as a reference to compare the effects of various neoglycolipids for their augmentation of a delayed type of response.
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS4(2)/S.Vyas/liposomes.htm (9817 words)

	Liposomes
		Liposomes were first described in 1965 as a model of cellular membranes and quickly were applied to the delivery of substances to cells.
		Liposomes entrap DNA by one of two mechanisms which has resulted in their classification as either cationic liposomes or pH-sensitive liposomes.
		Cationic liposomes are positively charged liposomes which interact with the negatively charged DNA molecules to form a stable complex.
	cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn /cmbidata/therapy/research/re02/005.htm (634 words)

	Life Enhancement:: PEGylated Liposomes Increase Bioavailability
		The molecular “payload” is encapsulated inside the liposomes, which eventually break down through natural processes and spill their contents into the bloodstream or into tissues to which they have migrated by diffusion through the walls of capillaries.
		Liposomes are a safe and effective way to introduce agents into our system that are problematic for some reason when taken orally, as well as agents that cannot be taken orally at all (because they’re degraded by digestive juices), such as nucleic acids and most proteins.
		These liposomes are used mainly to deliver drugs to the phagocytes that eat them, so as to treat disorders of the phagocytes themselves or to treat diseases of the liver or spleen, where most phagocytes are found.
	www.life-enhancement.com /article_template.asp?ID=1106 (2267 words)

	Liposomes
		Liposomes were first produced in England in 1961 by Alec D. Bangham, who was studying phospholipids and blood clotting.
		Liposomes are used to deliver certain vaccines, enzymes, or drugs (e.g., insulin and some cancer drugs) to the body.
		Liposomes are especially effective in treating diseases that affect the phagocytes of the immune system because they tend to accumulate in the phagocytes, which recognize them as foreign invaders.
	www.pharmainfo.net /pharmacy/pharmaceutics/liposomes (404 words)

	Alibris: Liposomes
		Liposome Technology, Volume I: Liposome Preparation and Related Techniques, Third Edition, is a thoroughly updated and expanded new edition of a classic text in the field.
		Liposomes Part D is a continuation of previous MIE Liposome volumes A, B, and C. Contents: Antibody or Ligand Targeted Liposomes;...
		Liposomes Part E is a continuation of previous MIE Liposome volumes A, B, C and D. * One of the most highly respected publications in...
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Liposomes (868 words)

	Magnetic Resonance TIP - MRI Database : Liposomes
		Liposomes were the first type of nanoparticles created to be used as carriers for lipophilic MRI contrast agents with novel characteristics.
		Liposomes loaded with gadolinium-containing chelates have potential as blood pool agents, caused by modifications of the surface (e.g., with polyethylene glycol) leading to longer blood retention times.
		Liposomes containing gadolinium were conjugated to antibodies and targeted to a specific organ system.
	www.mr-tip.com /serv1.php?type=db1&dbs=Liposomes (1145 words)

	Laboratory of Liposome Research
		Liposomes were discovered about 30 years ago by A. Bangham and since then they became very versatile tools in biology, biochemistry and medicine.
		Liposomes are extremely versatile and due to the variability of their composition as shown below in a figure which we adapted from Science-Medicine they can be used for a large number of applications.
		As shown in the following figure, we use the liposomes as carriers for lipophilic drugs like the antitumor drug NOAC and the antiviral derivatives of AZT and ddC which are firmly incorporated into the membrane bilayer of the liposomes.
	www.unizh.ch /onkwww/lipos.htm (639 words)

	Quantification of Various Phosphatidylcholines in Liposomes by Enzymatic Assay
		Liposome dispersions were produced by suspending appropriate amounts of phosphatidylcholine in 1.5 mL water or pH 8.0 buffer solution by shaking in a ball mill for 25 minutes at room temperature on addition of 5 glass beads (diameter ~1 mm).
		In the case of cholesterol-containing liposomes, a homogeneous mixture was first achieved by dissolving phospholipid and cholesterol in a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1, vol/vol) and evaporating the solvent.
		Again, for liposomes containing egg PC a close to 100% recovery was seen, whereas for both types of saturated PC liposomes a linear, but lower response was obtained as compared with choline standard.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt040463 (2614 words)

	Preparation, Characterization, and Biodistribution Study of Technetium-99m -Labeled Leuprolide Acetate-Loaded Liposomes ...
		The conventional liposomes bearing a negative surface charge has long been considered as a factor contributing to decreased liposome circulation times and enhanced uptake by RES in vivo because of the direct interaction between the negatively charged group on the liposome surface with cell surface proteins, thereby accelerating the liposome clearance.
		It has been postulated that the decreased uptake of sterically stabilized liposomes by MPS is possibly due to the presence of steric barrier, which decreases the adsorption of plasma proteins (opsonins) on the surface of the liposomes.
		The hydrophobic liposomal surface was converted to relatively hydrophilic surface by the incorporation of mPEG-PE, which leads to reduction in recognition by the opsonins and thereby decreases in the MPS uptake of the liposomes.
	www.aapsj.org /view.asp?art=ps060105 (5706 words)

	Translocation of Liposomes into Cancer Cells by Cell-Penetrating Peptides Penetratin and Tat: A Kinetic and Efficacy ...
		concentration of liposomes was estimated with a phosphate assay.
		Daleke DL, Hong K and Papahadjopoulos D (1990) Endocytosis of liposomes by macrophages: binding, acidification and leakage of liposomes monitored by a new fluorescence assay.
		Parr MJ, Masin D, Cullis PR and Bally MB (1997) Accumulation of liposomal lipid and encapsulated doxorubicin in murine Lewis lung carcinoma: the lack of beneficial effects by coating liposomes with poly(ethylene glycol).
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/62/4/864 (5158 words)

	Characterization of Early Steps in the Poliovirus Infection Process: Receptor-Decorated Liposomes Induce Conversion of ...
		The graph shows the relative proportions of native virus and converted particles after incubation with receptor-decorated liposomes for 40 min at 37°C. The density of receptor on liposomes was varied by altering the percentage of NTA-lipid during preparation of liposomes as indicated.
		The proportion of particles (in counts per minute) remaining liposome associated (dark bars) or released (light bars) from liposomes after V8 protease digestion of samples harvested from the flotations shown in panel A is shown.
		The topology of the receptor-decorated liposome membrane is
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/80/1/172 (5615 words)

	Amphoteric liposomes patent invention
		Liposomes are artificial single, oligo or multilamellar vesicles having an aqueous core and being formed from amphiphilic molecules having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components (amphiphiles).
		The cargo may be trapped in the core of the liposome, disposed in the membrane layer or at the membrane surface.
		For liposomal delivery of drugs it is essential that the release of the drug during the circulation of the liposomes is as low as possible.
	www.freshpatents.com /Amphoteric-liposomes-dt20070510ptan20070104775.php (1559 words)

	Dr. Lautenschlaeger - Liposomes
		Liposomes are typical vehicles, which are able to transport dermatological and cosmetic active agents of different types.
		Liposomes spread out excellently in the horny layer of the skin and form depots of actice agents.
		Similar to the horny layer of human skin, liposomes consist of one or several bilayers of phosphatidylcholine.
	www.dr-lautenschlaeger.de /liposomes.htm (119 words)

	Nanoparticle-stabilized liposomes
		Secondly, liposomes are tremendously biofunctionalizable; antibodies, protein receptors, and other biosensor molecules can attach to their outer surface.
		A problem with using liposomes as delivery vehicle is their stability: When liposomes encounter one another in suspension, they are prone to adhere and fuse to form a larger one.
		Moreover, when liposomes open during the fusion process the result could be inclusion leakage, unexpected mixing between chemicals that are nominally separated into different liposome capsules, and inefficient reactions.
	www.prleap.com /pr/28068 (612 words)

	Characterization of Leishmania donovani Antigens Encapsulated in Liposomes That Induce Protective Immunity in BALB/c ...
		LAg in liposomes probed with infected sera and with sera from
		Reactivity of LAg and LAg in liposomes with infected sera is
		Reactivity of LAg and LAg in liposomes with infected-mouse sera.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/12/6697 (5957 words)

	CiteULike: A homogeneous immunoassay for the mycotoxin T-2 utilizing liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, and complement. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The T-2 mycotoxin was converted to an acid chloride derivative, subsequently coupled to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine, and incorporated with the phospholipid into unilamellar liposomes.
		In the absence of free T-2, the liposomes were lysed within 30 min after the addition of complement, releasing carboxyfluorescein into the surrounding buffer.
		In the presence of free T-2 toxin, the binding of antibodies to the liposomes was reduced, causing a corresponding decrease in lysis.
	www.citeulike.org /user/biblio24/article/804036 (414 words)

	Liposomes - Successful Carrier Systems for Targeted Drug Delivery (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Liposome encapsulation greatly reduces exposure of the heart to doxorubicin and thereby its cardiotoxicity.
		Liposome uptake can be noted along the synvial lining of the left elbow, left wrist and the right knee (arrows) and at the medial site of both ankles (arrowheads).
		The liposome structure that is now required is built of several components with their specific functions: the liposome as carrier; the antibody as homing device; PEG as stealth-coat; the fusogen as endosomal escape tool; and (last but not least) the drug.
	www.samedanltd.com /members/archives/PMPS/Summer2002/DaanCrommelin.htm (2459 words)

	Antileishmanial Activities of Stearylamine-Bearing Liposomes -- Dey et al. 44 (6): 1739 -- Antimicrobial Agents and ...
		The use of Pentostam liposomes in the chemotherapy of experimental leishmaniasis.
		Liposome-cell interactions in vitro: effect of liposome surface charge on the binding and endocytosis of conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes.
		In vitro fusion of reticulocyte endocytic vesicles with liposomes.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/6/1739 (2062 words)

	Heat-triggered liposomes carry drugs to eradicate tumors in mice
		Unlike previous liposome versions, which the studies also tested for comparison, the new Duke-engineered variety can release an exceptional 45 percent of its stored drug in one 20-second burst when tumor temperatures are raised to five degrees C. higher than normal human body temperatures, according to the Cancer Research report.
		The promising results in mice, whose grafted human squamous cell carcinoma tumors were warmed to 42 degrees by water baths as the liposomes were injected, thus raise the possibility of using remote heat sources to trigger precision releases of anti-cancer drugs in future human patients.
		These liposomes can quickly dump their cargo because their special membrane chemistry causes parts of their molecular structures to begin "melting" when heat increases to the critical temperature.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-02/DU-Hlcd-2802100.php (1372 words)

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