
	Where results make sense

Topic: Liquid air

Related Topics

Cryogenics

Inert gas

Nitrogen

BAe Systems

Soap opera

Common Agricultural Policy

Nestorianism

EastEnders

World War I

Assyrian Church of the East

Goth metal

Miss World

In the News (Tue 15 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Air - MSN Encarta
		The air in the troposphere consists of the following proportions of gases: 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, 0.03 percent carbon dioxide, and the remaining 0.07 percent is a mixture of hydrogen, water, ozone, neon, helium, krypton, xenon, and other trace components.
		After being compressed, the air passes through beds of adsorption beads that remove carbon dioxide, the remaining water vapor, and molecules of heavy hydrocarbons, such as acetylene, butane, and propylene.
		After filtering the air, a portion of the air stream is decompressed in a device called a centrifugal expander (which is basically a compressor that runs in reverse).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_1741500785/Air.html (1113 words)

	Oil Analysis and Lubrication Dictionary
		The incorporation of air in the form of bubbles as a dispersed phase in the bulk liquid.
		Air may be entrained in a liquid through mechanical means and/or by release of dissolved air due to a sudden change in environment.
		An analytical technique whereby a complex substance is adsorbed on a solid or liquid substrate and progressively eluted by a flow of a substance (the eluant) in which the components of the substance under investigation are differentially soluble.
	www.oilanalysis.com /dictionary/default.asp?definitionsearch=Liquid&Submit=Search (794 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040244417
		Air is separated in a single fractionation column (116) to produce a top nitrogen gaseous fraction (142) and a bottom liquid fraction (120) containing less than (80) mole percent of oxygen.
		The liquid air stream is vaporised in the second condenser 134 and the resulting vapour stream flows to a cold compressor 138 in which it is recompressed to the operating pressure of the fractionation column 116.
		The greater the mole fraction of oxygen in this liquid, the smaller the proportion of nitrogen in the incoming air that is vented to the atmosphere and hence the greater the recovery of nitrogen by the method according to the invention.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040244417".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040244417&RS=DN/20040244417 (5431 words)

	LIQUID GASES - LoveToKnow Article on LIQUID GASES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen and liquid airthe last was first made by Wroblewski in 1885 became something more than mere curiosities of the laboratory, and by the year 1891 were produced in such quantities as to be available for the purposes of scientific research.
		Liquid air, and liquid hydrogen calorimeters open up an almost unlimited field of research in the determination of specific heats and other thermal constants, and are certain to become common laboratory instruments for such purposes.
		But the reduction of air to the liquid state is a process which involves the expenditure of a very large amount of energy, and it is not possible even to recover all that expended energy during the transition of the material back to the gaseous state.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LI/LIQUID_GASES.htm (13824 words)

	Liquid air cycle engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A liquid air cycle engine (LACE) is a spacecraft propulsion engine that attempts to gain efficiency by gathering part of its oxidizer from the atmosphere.
		In a LOX/LH2 bipropellant rocket the liquid oxygen needed for combustion is the majority of the weight of the spacecraft on lift-off, so if some of this can be collected from the air on the way, it can dramatically lower the overall size and weight of the spacecraft.
		By careful mechanical arrangement the liquid oxygen can be removed from the other parts of the air, notably nitrogen and carbon dioxide, at which point it can be fed into the engine as normal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liquid_air_cycle_engine (619 words)

	Chemical of the Week -- Gases of the Air
		Before air is liquefied, water vapor and carbon dioxide are removed, because these substances solidify when cooled and would clog the pipes of the air liquefaction plant.
		This compression causes the air to become warm, and the heat is removed by passing the compressed air through radiators.
		Nitrogen is obtained from liquid air by distillation at -196°C. The gas obtained by this process is actually a mixture of nitrogen and about 1.25% noble (or “inert”) gases, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon.
	scifun.chem.wisc.edu /chemweek/Airgases/airgases.html (1292 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: liquid air @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		LIQUID AIR [liquid air] ordinary air that has been liquefied by compression and cooling to extremely low temperatures (see liquefaction).
		Liquid air is used commercially for freezing other substances and especially as an intermediate step in the production of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon and the other inert gases.
		As the temperature of liquid air rises, the nitrogen evaporates first at -195.8°C, the argon next at -185.7°C, and the oxygen last at -183°C. See low-temperature physics.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:liquidai&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (203 words)

	Liquid-Air Switch Valve
		When liquid feed for dispersion starts, residual air in the pipes is exhausted from the 2nd valve seat, and liquid flows into the valve case.
		When the liquid feed stops after dispersion is completed, liquid is retained in the valve case and, consequently, the main and 2nd floats remain ascended, the main valve seat remains open, and the 2nd valve seat remains closed.
		After all residual liquid in the pipes is dispersed, pressure in the pipes is released by operating an air release valve in the main pipe line.
	www.aquadevice.com /english/04valve_lav1.htm (826 words)

	Henry #1 Choice of Professionals: Air & Vapor Barriers
		Air Bloc 07 is a one-component solvent based, polymer modified bitumen, liquid membrane designed to resist air leakage when applied to construction surfaces while remaining permeable to the passage of water vapor.
		Air Bloc 21 is a trowel consistency solvent type, synthetic rubber based insulation adhesive formulated for ease of application to construction surfaces such as masonry and concrete, gypsum board and wood.
		Air Bloc 21 FR is a trowel consistency solvent type, synthetic rubber based insulation adhesive formulated for ease of application to construction surfaces such as masonry, concrete, drywall and wood.
	www.henry.com /Air___Vapor_Barriers.272.0.html (1839 words)

	Submarine Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systems - Chapter 16
		The water vapor in the air is not absorbed or dissolved by the air.
		Air moisture does indeed freeze sometimes, if that moisture is in the state of liquid drops, and then it takes the form either of hail, or of sleet which is partially frozen moisture.
		If air at several different times or different places is measured and the wet-bulb temperatures found to be the same for all, the total heat would be the same in all, though their sensible heats and respective latent heats might vary considerably.
	www.hnsa.org /doc/fleetsub/refrig/chap16.htm (4105 words)

	Hybrid Solar Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A desiccant cooling system operates by first cooling the air through contact with the desiccant, followed by sensible cooling of the air using a conventional vapor compression unit, an absorber chiller or evaporative cooling.
		In a desiccant dehumidif ier, the desiccant removes moisture from the air, which releases heat and raises the air temperature.
		Experiments using recirculation air and 100% fresh air were done finding that the liquid desiccant system is more cost effective when it is used with 100% fresh air ventilation instead of recirculation.
	seecl.mae.ufl.edu /solar/desiccant.html (773 words)

	Spearco \| Liquid to Air Intercoolers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If a front radiator is used, this should be as a large as possible since the temperature of the liquid entering the intercooler determines the cooling effectiveness.
		In street applications, air to liquid intercoolers prevent heat soak to the core during stop and go driving by circulating water through the core when the vehicle is not in motion.
		In race applications where ice water is utilized, air to liquid offers performance beyond air to air units.
	www.turboneticsinc.com /ic_liquidtoair.htm (321 words)

	General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Measurement: How can I estimate the density of a liquid mixture (e. g. liquid air?) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The highest temperature for liquid air is the boiling point for nitrogen gas.
		density of liquid air = 0.78084 × density of nitrogen + 0.20946 × density of oxygen + 0.00934 × density of argon
		If I further assume that the densities of liquid oxygen and liquid argon aren't much different at the boiling point of nitrogen then they are at their own boiling points, I can write the density of liquid air at the boiling point of nitrogen as
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/measurement/faq/print-density-liquid-air.shtml (231 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A compressed air exits the compressor 19 through a duct 20 and enters the secondary heat exchanger 21 whereby further cooling of the compressed air occurs by heat exchange with a RAM air 15.
		The reheated air exits the nozzle 36 and expands in the second turbine 38 that is mechanically engaged to the first turbine 29 through a shaft 69.
		The bleed air usage is determined by the air demand of the cabin, the forced air cooled avionics, and the air needed to satisfy the liquid cooling demand.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/26967.010419&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3686 words)

	NASA Tech Briefs: Making a liquid air in small, economical quantities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The present mixing apparatus produces liquid air on demand in batches as small as 100 liters; a batch of this size is suitable for filling self-contained breathing apparatuses like those worn by firefighters and others working in hostile environments.
		It is impractical to liquefy air directly from the atmosphere because nitrogen boils at a temperature lower than that of oxygen and thus tends to evaporate faster from the liquid mixture, leaving the mixture richer in oxygen.
		Liquid air is produced in the mixing device and collected in a receiving dewar which can then be sampled using a cryogenic sampler and used to fill respirators with no additional analysis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3957/is_199909/ai_n8856475 (553 words)

	Liquid Hydrogen
		Withdrawal of liquid from a tanker, tank, or liquid cylinder requires the use of a closed system, with proper safety relief devices, which can be evacuated and/or purged to eliminate the possibility of creating a flammable atmosphere or explosive mixture of liquid air and liquid hydrogen.
		Liquid transfer lines must be vacuum insulated to minimize product loss through vaporization or the formation of liquid air on the lines with subsequent oxygen enrichment.
		Gaseous and liquid hydrogen systems must be purged of air, oxygen, or other oxidizers prior to admitting hydrogen to the systems, and purged of hydrogen before opening the system to the atmosphere.
	www-safety.deas.harvard.edu /services/hydrogen.html (1236 words)

	NREL: Distributed Thermal Energy Technologies - Thermally Driven Air Conditioning
		This chilled air must then be heated to bring it back to a comfortable level, consuming extra energy and increasing peak energy demands.
		These contactors further improve on the industrial state-of-the-art in that they can be mass manufactured, provide the same dehumidification at a fraction of the pressure drop, and incorporate independent cooling and dehumidification in one air-conditioning component to simplify and reduce the cost of the system.
		Liquid desiccant can also be regenerated when heat is available and stored until there is a call for dehumidification, a critical ability needed to maximize CHP efficiency.
	www.nrel.gov /dtet/thermal_air_cond.html (1256 words)

	Liquid fuel and air feed apparatus for fluidized bed boiler - Patent 4445844
		Air from fan 22 is heated in air heater 20 and then flows by way of duct 24 to the fluidized bed furnace 10.
		The liquid fuel is pumped by fuel pump 30 from liquid storage tank 32 through lines 34 and 36.
		Air enters the injector flowing upwardly in passage 60, is turned horizontally by upper cap 62, and is ejected from the converging radial nozzle passages 64 (FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4445844.html (1290 words)

	Liquid Air/Lox/LH2
		In one variation this is replaced with stored liquid oxygen as the rocket ascends out of the atmosphere.
		The equilibrium composition of liquid hydrogen is 99.79 per cent parahydrogen and 0.21 per cent orthohydrogen.
		The flammable limits of gaseous hydrogen in air are 4.0 to 75 volume percent.
	www.astronautix.com /props/liqoxlh2.htm (440 words)

	Onboard Air Liquid CO2
		Having a liquid CO2 tank with you on the trails is very very useful - mostly for airing up your tires very quickly - the same as going to the gas station.
		You can air up your tires and your friendsí tires - I use a 15lb tank and the last time I checked, I was able to fill up about 80 tires (from 15lbs to 30lbs) before my tank was empty.
		Using your air tools on a CO2 tank is not recommended for normal everyday use.
	www.lieblweb.com /tacoma/General/LiquidCO2/LiquidCO2.htm (1243 words)

	Factoids
		An excess of oxygen in air is very dangerous regarding the increase of the combustibility of materials.
		As air contains only 21% oxygen by volume, at any given temperature and pressure, it is possible to dissolve in water almost 5 times the quantity of oxygen from pure oxygen as from the atmosphere.
		In using air to oxygenate liquids, this nitrogen is wasted and returns to atmosphere.
	www.airproducts.com /Products/LiquidBulkGases/Oxygen/factoids.htm (1010 words)

	Liquid Air: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Liquid air is used commercially for freezing other substances and especially as an intermediate step in the production of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon and the other inert gases.
		Air Force officers, Hall, Edward N....Hall, one of the U.S. Air Forces foremost rocket...U.S. rockets were liquid fueled, typically operating on a mixture of liquid oxygen and alcohol...enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces.
		Air pollution control--Safety and security measures, Air quality management--Safety and security measures, Barges, Inland water transportation workers, Occupational health and safety--Management, Occupational safety and health--Management, Safety regulations, Transportation industry--Safety and security measures, United States.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101255568 (1758 words)

	The Transportation Revolution: Liquid-Overfeed Air Conditioner
		Their invention, called the liquid-overfeed air conditioner system, is essentially an additional heat-exchanger loop that overfeeds refrigerant through the system's evaporator, increasing its cooling capacity.
		Excess liquid leaving the evaporator is routed to the heat exchanger, protecting the unit's compressor and decreasing its work load, which in turn lessens the load on the engine, which must power the compressor as well as the drive train when the A/C is on.
		Energy-efficient mobile air conditioning will become more important for electric as well as hybrid vehicles, Chen says, explaining that every kilowatt-hour of battery energy used by air conditioning is one less kilowatt-hour to power the electric vehicle.
	www.ornl.gov /info/ornlreview/rev28_2/text/trabar1.htm (604 words)

	Nitrogen: Air to Liquid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Liquid nitrogen is obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air.
		Basically, the air is used as the coolant in a refrigerator.
		You can continue the process in stages until you have a sample of air that is so cold and under such pressure that when you let it expand, some of it will condense to the liquid.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem99/chem99556.htm (174 words)

	Liquid helium, superfluidity
		Using liquid air to produce liquid hydrogen and then the hydrogen to jacket the liquification apparatus, he produced about 60 cubic centimeters of liquid helium on July 10, 1908.
		When helium is cooled to a critical temperature of 2.17 K (called its lambda point), a remarkable discontinuity in heat capacity occurs, the liquid density drops, and a fraction of the liquid becomes a zero viscosity "superfluid".
		When helium is cooled to a critical temperature of 2.17 K, a remarkable discontinuity in heat capacity occurs, the liquid density drops, and a fraction of the liquid becomes a zero viscosity "superfluid".
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/lhel.html (386 words)

	Liquid Air/LH2
		Liquid air has no advantage as a stored propellant, but in a Liquid Air Cycle Engine (LACE) relatively freely available atmospheric air is scooped up, liquefied, and burned with a fuel in a conventional rocket engine.
		Fuel Freezing Point: -259 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: -253 deg C. Liquid hydrogen was identified by all the leading rocket visionaries as the theoretically ideal rocket fuel.
		The boiling point of this composition is -253 deg C. Liquid hydrogen is transparent and without a characteristic odour.
	www.astronautix.com /props/liqirlh2.htm (422 words)

	Breathing-Air and Cooling Apparatus for Protective Suit
		The source of both breathing air and cooling is a supply of liquid air inside part of the volume of an insulated tank.
		The rest of the tank is pressurized, by use of a small cylinder of compressed gas, to a level greater than the pressure in the liquid air, so that the piston pushes against the liquid air to expel it from the tank as needed.
		When liquid air flows from the tank, it passes through the heat exchanger, where it absorbs heat from the circulating water.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Nov01/MSC22442.html (689 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)