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Topic: Liquidus

	Orton \| Instruments \| Liquidus Furnace
		A liquidus furnace is useful for determining the maximum temperature at which crystallization will form in a glass, and a minimum temperature at which a glass can be held for extended periods of time without crystal formation and growth.
		The Orton Liquidus Furnace is a specially designed horizontal tube furnace with a controlled, reproducible, linear thermal gradient of approximately 120°C across a 12” long monitored zone, so the temperature of the glass in the tray corresponds to its position along that 12” zone.
		The furnace is a rectangular, metal shell structure that houses the refractory fiber insulation and four molybdenum disilicide heating elements that surround one end of the 2-3/4” ID ceramic heating chamber tube.
	www.ortonceramic.com /instruments/04gLiqFce.shtml (456 words)

	Liquidus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The liquidus may be a straight line, or it may be curved, depending upon the substance.
		The liquidus may be contrasted to the solidus.
		The liquidus and solidus do not necessarily align or overlap; if a gap exists between the liquidus and solidus, then within that gap, the substance is not stable as either a liquid or a solid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liquidus (135 words)

	Video On Demand :: Liquidus TV :: On Demand Marketing and Advertising for Cable TV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Video On Demand :: Liquidus TV :: On Demand Marketing and Advertising for Cable TV Liquidus specializes in Video On Demand (VOD) advertising on digital cable television.
		We provide advertisers with a powerful, cost effective means of advertising and selling products to cable TV viewers across multiple cable operators through the Liquidus interactive Video On Demand platform found on digital cable.
		Today, through VOD classified and brand advertising, advertisers can reach millions of self-selecting subscribers 24/7 who are looking for your products now in the comfort of their own homes.
	www.liquidusmarketing.com (131 words)

	LIQUIDUS TEMPERATURE DETERMINATION IN MOLTEN SALTS
		As for Gan’s probe the liquidus temperature was determined as the temperature where the remaining frozen salt slipped away from the probe, manifested as an increase in the heating rate of the probe.
		Three times during this period the liquidus temperature was also determined by a so-called in-situ measurement where the power to the furnace was shut off and the temperature measured as a function of time while the bath in the 20 cm crucible was stirred by a graphite impeller.
		Liquidus temperature measurements with the liquidus probe in laboratory cells compared to liquidus temperature measurements measured "in situ" by cooling the whole bath and compared to the liquidus temperature of 200 g bath sample measured in specially liquidus furnace.
	www.sintef.no /units/matek/2423/light_metal/articles/tms1998/p359/p359-366.htm (4667 words)

	Patent 5812926: Process for hard facing a substrate
		The quality of the overlay coating is superior to that of a weld coating, because the overlay coating is not extensively diluted by dissolution of material from the substrate surface, although some small amount of interdiffusion between the coating and the substrate does occur to bond the coating to the substrate.
		One of the constituents, a high melting powder constituent, has both its liquidus and solidus temperatures higher than a preselected temperature of processing a substrate 32, and it is therefore substantially solid at the preselected temperature.
		These solidus and liquidus temperatures are attained by partitioning the elements that are melting point depressants, such as silicon or boron, primarily to the low melting powder constituent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5812926.html (3683 words)

	2 Component Phase Diagrams
		As the temperature is further lowered, the composition of the liquid will change along the liquidus toward the peritectic (P), and the crystals forming from the liquid will always be pure Fo until P is reached.
		With decreasing temperature, more crystals of En would form, and the liquid composition would change along the liquidus toward the eutectic, E. At E crystals of Qz would begin to form, the temperature would remain constant until all of the liquid was used up, leaving crystals of Qz and En as the final solid.
		In Figure 3 the upper curve is called the liquidus and the lower curve is called the solidus.
	www.tulane.edu /~sanelson/geol212/2compphasdiag.html (5164 words)

	Patent 4187541: Digital analyzer for determining liquidus temperature of metals and alloys
		A digital analyzer for determining the liquidus temperature of metals and alloys comprising a converter of the actual temperature of metals and alloys to a digital pulse code which is connected via a synchronization unit to a reversible counter and to a discriminator of local temperature increments.
		The converter 1 has an input 11 whereto there is applied signal carrying information on the actual temperature of a metal or alloy in the process of their cooling, an output 12 for code pulses corresponding to a positive temperature increment, and an output 13 for code pulses corresponding to a negative temperature increment.
		The device permits the anomalous sloping portion caused by the thermal effect of the phase transformation of metal or alloy to be distinguished with a sufficient degree of confidence from that caused by the pseudothermic effect.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4187541.html (7518 words)

	Week 2: Phase Diagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Two solid+liquid fields between the solidus and the liquidus in which one of the two solids plus a liquid is present.
		As temperature rises again, once this critical fraction is reached, the liquid composition follows the liquidus until the liquid is of starting composition An The position of the liquidus indicates the composition of liquid at a particular temperature.
		The endpoints for the TSC are known, the initial value determined by the gap between the solidus and the liquidus and the final state by the bulk composition of the original liquid.
	www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de /~jesnow/Ozeanboden/2001/Lecture3/phase.html (904 words)

	Figure F2. Plots of Mg# of minerals (olivine [ol], clinopyroxene [cpx], and orthopyroxene [opx]), basaltic melt, and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The liquidus temperature of olivine is derived from the second equation, with Mg# calculated from olivine using Mg# (melt) = 1/([1/Fo - 1]/Kd + 1), where Kd = 0.30 ± 0.03.
		Clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene compositions are plotted against liquidus temperatures of the corresponding samples derived from olivine compositions.
		The relationships of the composition and liquidus temperatures of olivine and basaltic melts are derived from well-established experimental results and phase equilibrium analyses (e.g., Roeder and Emslie, 1970; Bender et al., 1978; Walker et al., 1979; Langmuir and Hanson, 1981; Nielsen and Dungan, 1983; Weaver and Langmuir, 1990; Grove et al., 1992): T
	www.agso.gov.au /odp/publications/176_SR/chap_08/c8_f2.htm (338 words)

	Between Solidus and Liquidus
		Between the solidus and liquidus temperatures, the alloy will be a mixture of solid and liquid phases.
		Thus, the liquidus is the lowest temperature that should be used for brazing, and usually temperatures above the liquidus are needed for proper brazing.
		Now that you know the difference between solidus and liquidus, melting point and melting range, and how they relate to the brazing process, you will be able to look at the table on page 5 with greater understanding.
	www.wallcolmonoy.com /TechServices/NicrobrazNewsArchives/WCC_Article_Solid_Liquid.htm (660 words)

	Liquidus Temperatures in the Ti-Al System - Storming Media
		Abstract: Liquidus temperatures were determined for the titanium-aluminum system at compositions ranging from 41 to 62 at.
		The present liquidus temperatures are in agreement with two sets of literature values and are consistent with a set of solid-state literature data.
		These values exceed those selected in one recent proposed phase diagram revision by about 30 K and are as much as 40 to 60 K higher than those in another proposed revision.
	www.stormingmedia.us /87/8778/D877841.html (187 words)

	Ternary Phase Diagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The actual ternary diagram may be represented as a three dimensional form or more commmonly as a two dimensional projection of the liquidus surface onto the base of the triangle created when the three binary diagrams are joined together.
		For experimentally studied ternary systems the liquidus surface may be contoured with the temperature interval representing the contour interval.
		The fields indicated on the ternary diagram represent the primary phase fields, of solid phases in equilibrium with liquid, present on the liquidus surface.
	www.brocku.ca /earthsciences/people/gfinn/petrology/ternary1.htm (212 words)

	Journal of Petrology, Volume 39, Issue 5, pp. 1063-1076 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The liquidus temperature of magma that reaches shallow levels during its ascent may change abruptly as a result of the release of volatiles or through magma mixing or a combination of both.
		Immediately after this abrupt change of the liquidus temperature occurs a disequilibrium is observed in the melt, and here it is shown that the melt rapidly re-equilibrates to its thermodynamic equilibrium.
		During the compensation of the liquidus temperature perturbation, the temperature of the melt remains nearly constant or may even increase slightly (depending on the latent heat budget, possibly heat of mixing, and heat absorbed during volatile exsolution), which suggests crystallization of the melt without cooling.
	www.oup.co.uk /jnls/list/petroj/hdb/Volume_39/Issue_05/egb019_gml.abs.html (291 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At 1 atm, olivine is the liquidus phase followed at significantly lower temperatures by plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and finally pigeonite.
		Olivine remains the liquidus phase at 10 kbar but is joined by orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase just 25 C beneath the liquidus.
		Although clinopyroxene persists on the liquidus to at least 20 kbar, garnet is the second phase to crystallize at this pressure.
	www.unm.edu /~draper/geo/multsat.html (366 words)

	Brazing of Non-Ferrous Metals
		The liquidus is the lowest temperature at which the metal is completely liquid, the temperature at which freezing starts.
		The solidus and liquidus for a particular alloy are defined values.
		Brazing of aluminum alloys was made possible by the development of fluxes that disrupt the oxide film on aluminum without harming the underlying metal and filler metals (aluminum alloys) that have suitable melting ranges and other desirable properties, such as corrosion and mechanical resistance.
	www.key-to-metals.com /Article36.htm (1304 words)

	Selecting your brazing materials.
		In all brazing applications, the "liquidus temperature" of the brazing filler metal is a critical factor.
		Also consider liquidus temperature when brazing assemblies that must be heat treated.
		In this case, the liquidus temperature of the filler metal should be closely equivalent to the heat treating temperatures.
	www.handyharmancanada.com /TheBrazingBook/Section%203/Part%201.htm (627 words)

	TTQ - Document Search Results - Single Document
		Liquidus temperatures predicted by the current or a first draft and a proposed DWPF (herein after referred to as draft DWPF correlation) liquidus correlation were used as guidelines.
		Liquidus temperature was measured using two techniques, specifically an isothermal method and a gradient furnace method.
		Overall, the results appear to indicate that the predicted benefit of a lower liquidus temperature by removal of MgO from the frit was not realized.
	www.tanks.org /DocumentSearchResultsSingle.asp?DocumentID=2254 (469 words)

	Patent 5081076: Low liquidus, stable heavy metal fluoride glass compositions
		Crystallization-resistant, low liquidus, fluoride glasses are disclosed which consist essentially of ZrF.sub.4, optionally HfF.sub.4, BaF.sub.2, at least one of CsF or NaF, preferably AlF.sub.3 and LaF.sub.3, and at least one of InF.sub.3, YF.sub.3 and GaF.sub.3.
		Such a high liquidus temperature creates practical problems in casting, such as problems with regard to glass flow, bubble entrapment, localized mold overheating, variations in refractive index because the flow tends to be turbulent rather than laminar and crystallization problems.
		Additionally, during the annealing instead of employing the flow of argon, a flow of argon with twenty percent (by volume) of oxygen was employed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5081076.html (3140 words)

	DoITPoMS TLP - Phase diagrams and solidification - Cooling curves
		Instead of a single melting temperature, the system now has two different temperatures, the liquidus temperature and the solidus temperature which are needed to describe the change from liquid to solid.
		The liquidus temperature is the temperature above which the system is entirely liquid, and the solidus is the temperature below which the system is completely solid.
		When the liquidus temperature is reached, solidification begins and there is a reduction in cooling rate caused by latent heat evolution and a consequent reduction in the gradient of the cooling curve.
	www.doitpoms.ac.uk /tlplib/phase-diagrams/cooling.php (571 words)

	Peter J. Wyllie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Figure 2 shows the liquidus surface in terms of pressure and temperature, with (1) a third dimension shown by the contours for H2O content (figure 2A), and (2) the distribution of liquidus mineral fields and field boundaries (figure 2B).
		The liquidus field boundaries for amphibole and garnet occur in similar positions for all three magmas.
		He is locating the position of the phase boundary between liquidus fields for primary silicate minerals, and primary carbonates.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /faculty/wyllie/wyllie.html (1032 words)

	Testing the Installation
		In this case an estimate of the liquidus temperature (1200 C), an estimate of the solidus temperature (1000 C), and a temperature increment for reporting results (3 C) are input.
		The calculated liquidus temperature is assigned to the initial temperature of the system.
		The phase which first appears on the liquidus is indicated in the solids display panel.
	www.uni-giessen.de /~gg17/examples-test.html (589 words)

	Rio Tinto Borax : Library : Pioneer Magazine
		Viscosity, durability, surface tension, and liquidus temperature requirements have been particularly important in establishing the common use of B2O3 in IFG formulations - liquidus representing the lowest temperature at which the glass melt cannot devitrify (crystallize).
		If the difference between this temperature and the liquidus temperature - at which it is thermodynamically impossible for crystallization to occur - is too small, then crystallization can occur in the cooler regions of the molten glass, and severely disrupt fiber production.
		This may be partly a function of bestowing increased durability, but it also seems that boric oxide helps to protect the interface between the glass fiber surfaces and their organic binder.
	www.borax.com /pioneer20.html (812 words)

	TTQ - Document Search Results - Single Document
		All of the HM glasses and half of the Purex glasses were predicted to be phase separated, and consequently prediction of glass durability is precluded with the current models for those glasses that failed the homogeneity constraint.
		The liquidus model predicted unacceptable liquidus temperatures for four of the nine glasses.
		Given the fact that liquidus temperatures were only approximated, the 30 wt% loading of Purex may be near or at the edge of acceptability for liquidus.
	www.tanks.org /DocumentSearchResultsSingle.asp?DocumentID=2290 (397 words)

	DISCUSSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When plagioclase is a liquidus or near-liquidus phase, extreme plagioclase suppression is not seen until cooling rates are very high (600ºC/hr) (Grove, 1978), and early plagioclase crystallization is in the form of solitary crystal laths (Grove, 1978; Nabelek et al., 1978; Grove and Bence, 1977; Schiffman and Lofgren, 1982).
		On the basis of these compositional considerations, it is expected that near liquidus melt for Unit 1 is more fully polymerized than either of the lunar compositions and, therefore, that the activation barrier for nucleation of tectosilicates (plagioclase) will be lower than for nucleation of nesosilicates (olivine).
		We have estimated the location of the nose of the curve based on a projection of the data, together with the observation that temperature of the nose is commonly ~0.77 that of the liquidus (Uhlmann et al., 1979, 1981).
	www.ga.gov.au /odp/publications/163_SR/chap_12/ch12_ht6.htm (1974 words)

	Binary Eutectic Phase Diagrams
		NOTE that the solidus and liquidus lines are experimental, they have been determined by melting and cooling many melts at different percent compositions.
		The more B we add the lower the melting temperature becomes; that is, it moves down the liquidus line toward the eutectic.
		It climbs up the Melt+B liquidus until it reaches the melting (crystallization) temperature for a 30% Q/70% A system, at which point the last drop of Q melts.
	csmres.jmu.edu /geollab/Fichter/IgnRx/BinryEu.html (1604 words)

	Binary System # 3 - Fo-Qtz
		Drop the temperature to the liquidus, Point X1, where Fo begins to crystallize and is in equilibrium with Liquid of composition X1.
		Since Fo is being removed from the liquid, the liquid is becoming depleted in the Fo component and enriched in the Si component, thus it's composition moves down the liquidus surface, towards P, in the direction of increasing Si component.
		Drop the temperature to the liquidus, Point Y1, where Fo begins to crystallize and is in equilibrium with Liquid of composition Y1.
	www.brocku.ca /earthsciences/people/gfinn/petrology/binary11.htm (895 words)

	Journal of Electronic Materials: Thermodynamically self-consistent approximations to the liquids and solidus of ...
		As required by the constraints, the liquidus and solidus temperatures lie within the BCJ 90% confidence limits at all 21 compositions.
		At the 12 compositions at which Yu and Brebrick reported liquidus and solidus temperatures, our "uniformly-- weighted" fit is closer to the BCJ data than theirs for ten of the liquidus points and six solidus points.
		Table II shows that the liquidus and solidus polynomials depend little on whether uniform or variable weighting is used in the least-squares minimization.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_200102/ai_n8932686 (1207 words)

	Bryson Burke Diamond Corporation: Diamond Exploration and Mining in Canada
		If the tonalites and trondhjemites are primary magmas from amphibolite, then for the pressure and temperature of their generation, the near-liquidus minerals should match the residual minerals in partially melted rocks.
		The tonalites, trondhjemites and granites (TTGs) of the Archean grey gneisses are characterized by highly fractionated rare earth elements, and this appears to require that amphibole, or garnet or both were residual minerals during generation of the magmas.
		The H20-undersaturated liquidus surface for the Nuk gneiss (trondhjemite).
	brysonburke.com /garnet_genesis.html (622 words)

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