List of Apollo astronauts

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	List of lunar astronauts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On each of the (first listed) missions above one astronaut orbited the Moon while the other two landed.
		Twenty-four astronauts have been on or near the Moon.
		Lovell, Young, and Cernan are the only three astronauts to serve on two lunar missions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_lunar_astronauts (545 words)

	The Most Important Thing Armstrong Left on the Moon
		Ringed by footprints, sitting in the moondust, lies a 2-foot wide panel studded with 100 mirrors pointing at Earth: the "lunar laser ranging retroreflector array." Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong put it there on July 21, 1969, about an hour before the end of their final moonwalk.
		Excerpts from the Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal describe Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin's deployment of the lunar retroreflector array.
		A complete list may be found in Alley's account of the project, "Laser ranging to retro-reflectors on the Moon as a test of theories of gravity," published in Quantum Optics, Experimental Gravitation, and Measurement Theory, Eds.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2004/21jul_llr.htm (938 words)

	Randy L. Korotev
		Lunar soils from the Apollo sites (e.g., A12 = Apollo 12) are mixtures of three types of material: (1) feldspathic (anorthositic) material of the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane, (2) mafic impact- melt breccias rich in incompatible elements (KREEP) from the Procellarum KREEP Terrane, and (3) volcanic basalt and glass from the maria.
		Korotev and his colleagues study the geochemistry and petrology of lunar meteorites as a means of understanding the geological complexity of the Moon.
		By combining data for samples with compositional data obtained by remote sensing of the lunar surface, the composition and mineralogy of the lunar crust can be inferred, and this imposes constraints on models for lunar crust formation and redistribution of material by large impacts.
	epsc.wustl.edu /admin/people/korotev.html (1434 words)

	Lunar Landing Sites
		Seismometers allowed studying the lunar interior, both from response to natural moonquakes and impacts when spent S-IVB stages that boosted Apollo to the Moon and Lunar Modules (after the astronauts had departed, of course!) were deliberately crashed into the Moon.
		manned lunar landings returned more than 380 kilograms of samples from a variety of lunar terrain and emplaced instrument packages which performed measurements long after the astronauts had left.
		Laser retroreflectors left by Apollo missions remain in use today, providing data for research in topics ranging from dynamics of the Earth/Moon system to tests of general relativity.
	www.fourmilab.ch /earthview/lunarform/landing.html (752 words)

	Learn more about Human spaceflight in the online encyclopedia.
		six missions, with each time three astronauts of which two landed on the Moon.
		NASA's Apollo program landed twelve people on the Moon and returned them to Earth: Apollo 11-17, except 13, i.e.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /h/hu/human_spaceflight.html (336 words)

	Project Apollo
		Grumman Apollo LM The Lunar Module itself was composed of a descent stage and an ascent stage, the former serving as a launch platform for the latter when the lunar exploration party blasted off for lunar orbit where they would dock with the CSM prior to returning to Earth.
		To learn lunar landing techniques, astronauts practiced in the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV), a flying vehicle that simulated (by means of a special, additional jet engine) the reduced gravity that the Lunar Module would actually fly in.
		In light of the drastically shrinking NASA budget and the decision not to produce a second batch of Saturn Vs, these missions were cancelled to make funds available for the development of the Space Shuttle, and to make their Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launch vehicles available to the Skylab program.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Apollo_project.htm (3253 words)

	The Ultimate Apollo 8 - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Of all the components of the Apollo system, the Lunar Module (LM), which would eventually be used to land on the Moon, had the most issues.
		The support crew were not trained to fly the mission but were able to stand in for astronauts in meetings and be involved in the minutiae of mission planning, while the prime and backup crews trained.
		While in lunar orbit they made a Christmas Eve television broadcast that is thought to be one of the most watched of all time.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Apollo_8 (6290 words)

	List of astronauts by selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A second group of nine astronauts was selected by NASA in September 1962.
		Thus in 1978 a new group of 35 astronauts was selected after 9 years without new astronauts, including the first female astronauts, and also the first black astronaut Guion Bluford.
		Though commonly considered to be the first group, the second group of American astronauts was selected for Project Mercury by NASA in April 1959.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_selection (3100 words)

	Apollo Mission Statistics at a glance
		The astronauts were to use the LRV to sample (in order of priority) the base of Mount Hadley Delta in search of anorthositic rock from the original
		lunar crust, the rim of the rille to study possible stratification in
		Land at the first ‘multiple objective’ site, a confined mare plain just behind the 12,000 foot mountains of the Apennine Range, and in front of the 1 km wide, 300 metre deep Hadley Rille.
	www.myspacemuseum.com /stats2.htm (721 words)

	Alan Bean - TheBestLinks.com - Astronaut, Apollo 12, March 15, NASA, ...
		Captain Bean was lunar module pilot on Apollo 12, the second lunar landing.
		He said his decision was based on the fact that, in his 18 years as an astronaut, he was fortunate enough to visit worlds and see sights no artist's eye, past or present, has ever viewed firsthand and he hopes to express these experiences through the medium of art.
		In November 1969, Captain Bean and Captain Pete Conrad landed in the moon's Ocean of Storms—after a flight of 250,000 miles.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Alan_Bean.html (357 words)

	Apollo & Skylab
		Lunar Apollo 10 John W. Young May 26, 1969 Module dropped to within Eugene A. Cernan 9 miles of Lunar surface.
		On the last Apollo mission to the moon, the astronauts spent 22 hours in moon walks and camped out on the moon for three days total.
		Neil A. Armstrong July 16, 1969 Landed on moon with 30 seconds Apollo 11 Michael Collins July 20, 1969 of fuel remaining.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/apollo/welcome.html (797 words)

	Where No Man Has Gone Before, Ch10-2
		Equally high on the priority list for exploration missions was extending the time astronauts could stay on the moon.
		Planning for lunar-orbital science began in May of 1968, when Wilmot Hess, acting on a request from the Lunar Exploration Office in Headquarters, asked the Apollo spacecraft program office to look into the question of placing a scientific payload in the service module.
		As it was, lunar exploration had to proceed with little more than had been projected by mid-1969: limited extension of the duration of exploration missions, a limited increase in the range of operations on the lunar surface, and a few lunar-orbital sensors.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4214/ch10-2.html (1252 words)

	Early Astronauts
		He was a member of the American crew of the Apollo Soyuz Test Project in July 1975, the world's first international manned space flight.
		The list was screened to 32, then finally pared to nine in September 1962.
		Another 19 pilot astronauts were brought into the program in April 1966, and 11 scientist-astronauts were added in mid-1967.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/astronts.htm (570 words)

	default.aspx?modulo=wikipedia&arg=Human_spaceflight
		On each mission, two of the three astronauts involved landed on the moon; thus, in the late 1960s and early 1970s NASA's Apollo program landed twelve men on the Moon--returning them all to Earth.
		As of 2005 piloted space missions have been carried out by Russia, the People's Republic of China, and the United States.
	www.kisanji.org /default.aspx?modulo=wikipedia&arg=Human_spaceflight (689 words)

	Real Lunar Astronauts [mostly OT]
		Besides having the notoriety of being the first American in space, he also possessed a unique sense of humor -- during the Apollo 14 moon landing, he used a makeshift Nine iron to hit golf balls from the surface of the moon.
		Hi, gang: July 20, 1969.....at (around) 11:20 in the morning.....American astronaut Neil Armstrong took that "One giant leap for mankind" off the landing pad of the Lunar Module Eagle, and entered into history.
		I was a dutiful fourteen-year-old space nut, sitting cross-legged before our television set, surrounded by models of the Saturn V, lunar module, and command module, and sucking in every moment of it with fascination.
	www.space1999.net /metaforms/list-quo/98720ast.htm (574 words)

	Moon Picture List
		Astronauts walking near US flag and lunar lander 118k mpg
		Several of my own images including a large full moon mosaic and some lunar close-ups html
		Clementine images showing the Apollo 16 lunar landing site 212k MPEG
	www.nineplanets.org /pxmoon.html (272 words)

	Fems in Space Web Site
		Was Irwin's heart rate up to 167/ minute so early in the mission on the lunar surface (134° C in direct sunlight) partially related to too much HEAT ?
		A Comparison of the heart rates of Astronauts Irwin and Scott on the first excursion of Apollo 15
		Dr. Lucid, a veteran of five space flights, held an international record for the most flight hours in orbit by any non-Russian, and held the record for the most flight hours in orbit by any woman in the world.
	www.femsinspace.com (294 words)

	Bibliography and WWW Links
		To A Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of the Moon, Don E. Wilhelms, University of Arizona Press, 1993, which is a history of lunar exploration told from the perspective of a geologist who participated in the pre-Apollo telescopic and robotic lunar mapping efforts, in the Apollo site selection process, and in the astronauts' geology training.
		Apollo: The Race to the Moon, Charles Murray and Catherine Bly Cox, Simon and Schuster, 1989, which is a superb account of the missions told from the perspective of the flight controllers in Houston.
		Taking Science to the Moon, Donald A. Beattie, The Johns Hopkins Unversity Press, 2001, which is an interesting account of the struggle to get science done during Apollo, told from the perspective of a middle manager at NASA headquarters who dealt with both the scientific community and NASA staff.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /alsj/apollo.biblio.html (294 words)

	List of lunar astronauts -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		In addition each of the Apollo 8, Apollo 10 and Apollo 13 missions had a three man crew and closely encountered the Moon (entering orbit in the case of the former two missions, while Apollo 13 only passed around it).
		On each of the (first listed) missions above one astronaut orbited the Moon while the other two landed.
		Twenty-four (A person trained to travel in a spacecraft) astronauts have been on or near the (Any natural satellite of a planet) Moon.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Li/List_of_lunar_astronauts.htm (1205 words)

	SPACE-TALK - Memorials on the moon and mars?
		Do you know where I can find the list of the names of the astronauts/cosmonauts who were on this plaque?
		For example some memorials to deceased astronauts are the spirit lander which has a plaque for the fallen Columbia crew and also some hills on mars were named after the apollo 1 crew.
		I was wondering does anyone know where I can find a list of memorials that are on Mars and the Moon?
	www.space-talk.com /ForumE/showthread.php3?threadid=2807 (439 words)

	LLRV
		Success of the two LLRVs led to the building of three Lunar Landing Training Vehicles (LLTVs) used by Apollo astronauts at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, predecessor of NASA's Johnson Space Center.
		The LLRVs, humorously referred to as flying bedsteads (see also Flying bedstead), were used by the FRC, now known as the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., to study and analyze piloting techniques needed to fly and land the Apollo Lunar Module in the moon's airless environment.
		Neil Armstrong, first human to step onto the moon's surface, said the mission would not have been successful without the type of simulation provided by the LLRVs and LLTVs.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/LLRV.htm (903 words)

	sp-350.txt
		As it turned out, our flights to the Moon showed that the Apollo design was very conservative, particularly on the afterbody, and the margins of safety for the astronauts in returning from the Moon were comfortably large.
		- Edgar M. Cortright (Apollo Expeditions to the Moon, edited by Edgar M. Cortright, NASA SP; 350, Washington, DC, 1975) Testing the Surface Surveyor, which had been formally approved in the spring of 1960, was originally conceived for the scientific investigation of the Moon's surface.
		It required far less weight injected toward the Moon, but even more important, in my view, was the fact that one spacecraft could be designed specifically for lunar landing and takeoff, while the other could be designed for flying to and from the Moon and specifically for reentry and Earth landing.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /history/apollo/publications/sp-350/sp-350.txt (903 words)

	ScienceDaily: Apollo 11
		Earth Microbes On The Moon (September 2, 1998) -- Space historians will recall that the journey to the stars has more than one life form on its passenger list: the names of a dozen Apollo astronauts who walked on the moon and one inadvertent...
		Apollo 11 was an American space mission, part of the Apollo program and the first manned mission to land on the Moon.
		Following this address, radio communications with the moon would have been cut off, the astronauts left alone to die, while a clergyman was to commend their souls to "the deepest of the deep" in the fashion of a burial at sea.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/apollo_11 (4481 words)

	+State & Country List Palau 2: Buy Online
		Souvenir sheet celebrating the Apollo moon landing entitled ""Splashdown."" Stamp features an illustration of the astronauts floating in the ocean, awaiting pickup.
		Souvenir sheet celebrating the Apollo moon landing entitled ""Awaiting Liftoff."" Stamp features an illustration of the Saturn V rocket on the launch pad at Kennedy Space Center.
		Issued by the government of Palau this single stamp sheetlet commemorates Katsushika Hikusai, Japan's most famous artist.
	travel.office1000.com /shop/palau-1.html (4481 words)

	+State & Country List Palau 2: Buy Online
		Souvenir sheet celebrating the Apollo moon landing entitled ""Splashdown."" Stamp features an illustration of the astronauts floating in the ocean, awaiting pickup.
		Souvenir sheet celebrating the Apollo moon landing entitled ""Awaiting Liftoff."" Stamp features an illustration of the Saturn V rocket on the launch pad at Kennedy Space Center.
		Issued by the government of Palau this single stamp sheetlet commemorates Katsushika Hikusai, Japan's most famous artist.
	travel.office1000.com /shop/palau-1.html (4481 words)

	NASA Portal @ LaunchBase.com
		The near-disaster of Apollo 13, where an oxygen tank explosion nearly doomed all three astronauts, helped to recapture national attention and concern.
		Plans for ambitious follow-on projects to construct a space station, establish a lunar base and launch a human mission to Mars by 1990 were proposed but with the end to procurement of Saturn and Apollo hardware, there was no capability to support these.
		Although the Cold War would last many more years, this was a critical point in NASA's history and much of the international co-operation in space exploration that exists today has its genesis with this mission.
	www.launchbase.com (3847 words)

	Apollo 12 - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		To improve the quality of television pictures from the Moon, a color camera was carried on Apollo 12 (unlike the monochrome camera that was used on Apollo 11).
		The astronauts remained on the Moon for thirty-one and a half hours, collecting samples and retrieving parts of the unmanned probe for study.
		When "Intrepid's" ascent stage was dropped onto the Moon after Conrad and Bean rejoined Gordon in orbit, the seismometers the astronauts had left on the lunar surface registered the vibrations for more than an hour.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Apollo_12 (3847 words)

	Pravda.RU Sensation: Cities Found on the Moon!
		Apollo-10 astronauts took a photo (AS10-32-4822) of a one-mile long object called "Castle," which is at the height of 14 kilometers and casts a distinct shadow on the lunar surface.
		They disappeared even from the list of pictures made by the Apollo-10 crew.
		Only intermediate pictures of the object were found in the archives, which unfortunately don’t depict the internal structure of the object.
	english.pravda.ru /main/2002/10/05/37771.html (3324 words)

	Space history: Apollo Program space history - Apollo missions spaceflight
		The subsequent redesign produced a safer and superior spacecraft for the 45 astronauts that flew in them from Apollo 7 in October of 1968 to Apollo-Soyuz in July of 1975.
		Below is a list of each Apollo, Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz mission.
		The Apollo Program began with a tragedy, when fire swept through a Block One Apollo spacecraft on January 27, 1967 killing Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chaffee during a "plugs out" test on the pad.
	www.thespaceplace.com /history/apollo2.html (250 words)

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Topic: List of Apollo astronauts

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In the News (Fri 24 May 13)