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	List of Austrians
		This list is rather generous -- many people on this list can also claim other nationalities; some were born in Austria, but spent the most important part of their lives outside Austria (e.g.
		Hitler, Schwarzenegger), others were born outside Austria or even outside of Austria-Hungary, but spent the most important part of their lives in Austria (e.g.
		List of Slovenians; List of Hungarians; List of Croatians; List of Serbs; List of Czechs; List of Slovaks; List of Poles
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_austrians.html (581 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of Austrians
		This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria.
		This is a list of Austrian composers, singers and conductors A Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, composer and music theorist August Wilhelm Ambros, composer (19th century) Wolfgang Ambros, singer (Austropop) Christian Anders, singer Marianne von Auenbrugger, composer and pianist 1759-1782 B Paul Badura-Skoda, pianist (born 1927) Ludwig von Beethoven, composer...
		Schnitter by Albin Egger-Lienz Albin Egger-Lienz was an Austrian painter.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-Austrians (8264 words)

	Encyclopedia: Alban Berg
		Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period.
		Musical composition has three meanings in music: an original piece of music the musical structure of a musical piece the process of creating a new piece of music A musical composition A piece of music exists in the form of a written composition in musical notation or as a single...
		Austrian composers This is a list of Austrian composers, singers and conductors A Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, composer and music theorist August Wilhelm Ambros, composer (19th century) Wolfgang Ambros, singer (Austropop) Christian Anders, singer Marianne von Auenbrugger, composer and pianist 1759-1782 B Paul Badura-Skoda, pianist (born 1927) Ludwig von Beethoven, composer...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alban-Berg (2341 words)

	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was the son of Leopold Mozart, one of Europe's leading musical pedagogues, whose influential textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule ("Essay on the fundamentals of violin playing") was published in 1756, the same year as Mozart's birth.
		His death record listed "hitziges Frieselfieber" ("severe miliary fever"), a description that does not suffice to identify the cause as it would be diagnosed in modern medicine.
		Mozart effect, a disputed theory that certain kinds of music enhance performance on certain mental tasks; the researchers who coined the term used a Mozart piece in their first study.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart (1816 words)

	Austria
		Known as the Austrian granite plateau, it is located in the central area of the Bohemian Mass, and accounts for 10% of Austria.
		The Austrian portion of the Viennese basin comprises the remaining 4%.
		The Slovenians in the Austrian state of Styria (estimated at a number between 1,600 and 5,000) are not recognized as a minority and do not enjoy special rights, although the State Treaty of July 27 1955 states otherwise.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Austria (3141 words)

	Arnold Schoenberg Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		If music was to regain a genuine and valid simplicity of expression, as in the music of his beloved Mozart and Schubert, the language must be renewed.
		It was the equivalent in music of Albert Einstein's discoveries in Physics, and Schoenberg announced it characteristically, during a walk with his friend Josef Rufer, when he said "I have today made a discovery which will ensure the supremacy of German music for the next hundred years".
		Schoenberg's music had made a break from tonality, which greatly polarised responses to it: his followers and students saw him as one of the most important figures in music, while critics hated his work, on the whole.
	www.folkartmuseum.com /encyclopedia/Arnold_Schoenberg (2060 words)

	List of Austrians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The following list is an election of famous Austrians.
		Note: This list is rather inclusive -- some people on this list can also claim other nationalities; some were born in Austria, but spent the most important part of their lives outside Austria (e.g.
		List of Slovenians; List of Hungarians; List of Croatians; List of Serbs; List of Czechs; List of Slovaks; List of Poles
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Austrians (1538 words)

	Anton Webern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a student and significant follower of Arnold Schoenberg, he became one of the best-known exponents of the Twelve-tone technique; in addition, his innovations regarding schematic organization of pitch, rhythm and dynamics were formative in the musical style later known as serialism.
		Webern was born in Vienna, Austria, as Anton Friedrich Ernst von Webern.
		Webern's music was denounced as "cultural Bolshevism" when the Nazi Party seized power in Austria in 1938.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anton_Webern (1164 words)

	Austria
		The Austrian foothills of the Alps and the Carpathians account for around 12 percent of its landmass with the foothills in the East and Austrian area around the periphery of the Pannoni low country amounting to approximately another 12 percent.
		The second greater mountain mass (much lower than the Alps) is situated in the North, the Austrian granite plateau, located in the central mountainous area of the Bohemian Mass accounting for 10 percent of Austria and last the Austrian portion of the Viennese basin for 4 percent.
		Austrians of German mother tongue, by far the country's largest ethnic group, form between 85% and 89% of Austria's population.
	creekin.net /n11-austria.html (2505 words)

	Johann Strauss II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At around the same time, the three Strauss brothers also organised many musical activities during their concerts at the Vienna Volksgarten where the audience would be able to participate.
		Although the most sought-after composer of dance music was Johann Strauss II in the 1860s to the 1890s, stiff competition was present in the form of Karl Michael Ziehrer and Emile Waldteufel whom the latter was commanding in his position in Paris.
		Strauss' music is now regularly performed at the annual Neujahrskonzert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, thanks to the efforts of the late Clemens Krauss who performed a special all-Strauss programme in 1929 with the established orchestra.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johann_Strauss_II (2042 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He also studied music with Johann Polischansky during his apprenticeship and eventually managed to secure a place in a local orchestra of Michael Pamer which he eventually left in order to join a popular string quartet known as the Lanner Quartet formed by his would-be rival Josef Lanner and the Drahanek brothers Karl and Johann.
		He eventually became conductor of the orchestra in which he played after it became so popular during the Fasching of 1824 and Strauss was soon placed in command of a second smaller orchestra which was formed as a result of the success of the parent orchestra.
		His marriage was relatively unstable as his prolonged absence from his immediate family due to frequent tours abroad led to a gradual alienation and he later took on a mistress, Emilie Trampusch in 1834 with whom he had eight children.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Johann_Strauss_I (1125 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Austria
		The second Austrian republic, established 19 December 1945, on the basis of the 1920 constitution (amended in 1929), was declared by the federal parliament to be permanently neutral.
		Austrian Catholics are obliged to pay a mandatory tax (calculated by income—about 1%) to the Austrian Roman Catholic Church, which might act as an incentive to leave the church.
		The Austrian School, which is prominent as one of the main competitive directions for economic theory is related to Austrian economists Joseph Schumpeter, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich Hayek.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Austria (4798 words)

	Alexander von Zemlinsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexander von Zemlinsky or Alexander Zemlinsky, (October 14, 1871 - March 15, 1942) was an Austrian composer of classical music, a conductor and a teacher.
		Further parts of his output include chamber music, notably four string quartets and a series of operas, including Eine Florentinische Tragödie (1915-16) after Oscar Wilde, and the ballet Der Triumph der Zeit (1901).
		As a conductor, Zemlinsky was admired by composers such as Igor Stravinsky and Kurt Weill for his performances of Mozart but also of new music.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_von_Zemlinsky (1134 words)

	Bright Lights Film Journal \| The Sound of Music
		Von Trapp's Austrian nation is one of polyglot Mitteleuropa, not of a Greater-Germany and it is this historical legitimism of the post-1918 Austrian state that von Trapp as aristocratic/conservative element of the Ständestaat locates his patriotism.
		Austrian photojournalist Lothar Rübelt is convinced that the regime's ideological organization, the Fatherland Front, crystallized a patriotism that was the forerunner of Second Republic national consciousness.
		Still resented by Austrians, is the old rumor that the film was not an initial success in their country because it was about a family's abandonment of their Austrian homeland, even if it was part of the Third Reich.
	www.brightlightsfilm.com /41/soundofmusic.htm (6611 words)

	Classical Music and Romantic Music - Part Three
		Music history, of course, had already known many great virtuosi--Bach on the organ, Corelli on the violin, and Mozart on the piano were, in their own ways, equally brilliant, and their music--we must remember that all of these men performed essentially only their own music--was far superior in quality.
		Indeed, Bruckner was an organist and his music retained both the sense of awe common to Church music as well as something of the block-like sound of the organ.
		Bruckner's use of Austrian folk music and especially his sense of inspiration from the Alpine landscape are both typically Romantic characteristics.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M151/Romantic_Music3.html (4281 words)

	Encyclopedia: Economy-of-Austria
		Austrian exports to the United States in 1999 were $2.9 billion or 4.6% of total Austrian exports.
		See List of Austrian companies Wienerberger AG is the world’s largest producer of bricks, based in Vienna, Austria.
		The Austrian School is a school of economic thought which rejects opposing economists reliance on methods used in natural science for the study of human action, and instead bases its formalism of economics on relationships through logic or introspection called praxeology.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Economy_of_Austria (2752 words)

	Romantic Music - Part Three
		Liszt was not a composer of opera, yet like so many composers of his era, he sought ways to imbue his music with a literary quality which would serve at the same time as a dramatic formal structure to replace the discarded models of the Classical age.
		To the end of achieving unity between music and text, Wagner wrote his own librettos andendash; a necessary decision from his standpoint, but nonetheless a controversial one, because he was incomparably a lesser poet than composer.
		Romantic music still has an enormous influence on nearly all forms of modern (late 20th-century) popular music, especially film and TV music and so-called "easy listening music," which is often a watered-down imitation of Romantic cliches without either the inspiring philosophy or the depth of material.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M345/Romantic_Music3.html (4277 words)

	List of Austrians -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This list is rather inclusive -- many people on this list can also claim other nationalities; some were born in Austria, but spent the most important part of their lives outside Austria (e.g.
		(Austrian composer in Schoenberg's twelve-tone music system (1885-1935)) Alban Berg, composer, 1885-1935, born in (The capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss) Vienna
		(Austrian physicist who contributed to the kinetic theory of gases (1844-1906)) Ludwig Boltzmann, physicist, 1844-1906, born in (The capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss) Vienna
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/Li/List_of_Austrians.htm (3734 words)

	Austria information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the short exception of Charles VII Albert of Bavaria, Austrian Habsburgs held the position of German Emperor beginning in 1438 with Albert II of Habsburg until the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Austrians of German mother tongue, by far the country's largest group, form 91.1% of Austria's population.
		A poll by the Kärntner Humaninstitut conducted in January 2006 states that 65% of Carinthians are not in favour of an increase of bilingual topographic signs, since the original requirements set by the State Treaty of 1955 have already been fulfilled according to their point of view.
	www.search.com /reference/Austria (3263 words)

	Johann (jr) Strauss: Biography - Classic Cat
		Johann Strauss on Austrian 100 Schilling banknote from 1960 (http://www.germannotes.com/austria/)
		Although the most sought-after composer of dance music was Johann Strauss II in the 1860s to the 1890s, stiff competition was present in the form of Karl Michael Ziehrer and Emile Waldteufel whom the latter was commanding in his position in Paris.
		Strauss' music is now regularly performed at the annual Neujahrskonzert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, as a result of the efforts by Clemens Krauss who performed a special all-Strauss programme in 1929 with the Viennese orchestra.
	www.classiccat.net /strauss_j_jr/biography.htm (2300 words)

	Alban Berg Summary
		He had very little formal music education until he began a six-year period of study with Arnold Schoenberg in October 1904 to 1911, studying counterpoint, music theory, and harmony; by 1906, he concentrated on his music studies full-time and by 1907, he began composition lessons.
		From 1915 to 1918, he served in the Austrian Army and it was during a period of leave in 1917 that he began work on his first opera, Wozzeck.
		He also helped Schoenberg run the Society for Private Musical Performances, which sought to create an ideal environment for the exploration of unappreciated and unfamiliar new music by means of open rehearsals, repeated performances and the exclusion of all newspaper critics.
	www.bookrags.com /Alban_Berg (1757 words)

	Polish Music Journal 5.2.02 - Trochimczyk: Editorial
		Stojowski's thorough knowledge of Paderewski's music may be gleaned from his description in the 1935 article on Paderewski, along with his notes about Polish music prepared for a concert held in 1930 at Carnegie Hall, marking yet another moment of collaboration of the two artists.
		Nonetheless, the picture of historical evolution of Polish music presented by Zieliñski differs greatly from the later one provided by composer Feliks R. £abuñski,[19] in its recognition of women composers, the importance of Polish opera, the plethora of late romantic musicians, and the inclusion of non-ethnic Polish composers, of German or Jewish background.
		After symphonic music, not the opera nor music theatre, started to be considered the carrier of value in national music history, the relative positions of Kar³owicz and ¯eleñski shifted.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/PMJ/issue/5.2.02/trointroduction.html (5268 words)

	Mozart - Information
		His death record listed "hitziges Frieselfieber" ("severe miliary fever"), a description that does not suffice to identify the cause as it would be diagnosed in modern medicine.
		Both in London and Italy, the galant style was all the rage: simple, light music, with a mania for cadencing, an emphasis on tonic, dominant, and subdominant to the exclusion of other chords, symmetrical phrases, and clearly articulated structures.
		Mozart effect, a disputed theory that certain kinds of music enhance performance on certain mental tasks; the researchers who coined the term used a piece by Mozart in their first study.
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Mozart (3258 words)

	Anton Bruckner Summary
		Overall, he was unhappy in Vienna, which was musically dominated by the critic Eduard Hanslick.
		Anton Bruckner Private University for Music, Drama, and Dance, an institution of higher education in Linz, close to his native Ansfelden, was named after him in 1932 ("Bruckner Conservatory Linz" until 2004).
		The Nazis often appropriated the music of Bruckner for propaganda purposes, and Hitler even consecrated a bust of Bruckner at Regensburg's Walhalla temple in 1937 in a widely photographed ceremony.
	www.bookrags.com /Anton_Bruckner (4000 words)

	Alban Berg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His family lived quite comfortably until the death of his father in 1900.
		The pieces - settings of unpoetic, aphoristic utterances accompanied by a very large orchestra - caused a riot, and the performance had to be halted; the work was not performed in full until 1952 (and its full score remained unpublished until 1966).
		Like so much of his mature work, it employs a highly personal adaptation of Schoenberg's twelve tone technique that enables it to combine frank atonality with more traditionally tonal passages and harmonies; additionally, it uses actual quotations of pre-existing tonal music, including a Bach chorale and a Carinthian folk song.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alban_Berg (906 words)

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