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Topic: List of Brythonic languages

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List of Goidelic languages

Westcountry Brythonic

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	Brythonic languages - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from the proto-Celtic language which was introduced to Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973).
		Brythonic languages were then spoken at least in the whole of Great Britain south of the rivers Forth and Clyde, presumably also including the Isle of Man.
		The Brythonic languages spoken in Scotland, the Isle of Man and England were displaced at the same time by Goidelic and Old English speaking invaders.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Brythonic (885 words)

	Home > East Palo Alto, California, CA, 94303, East Palo Alto Real Estate, East Palo Alto Yellow Pages, East Palo ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed British, Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from Proto-Celtic, which was introduced to Great Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973).
		The Brythonic languages spoken in Scotland, the Isle of Man and England began to be displaced in the 5th century through the influence of Irish, Norse and Germanic invaders.
		The displacement of the languages of Brythonic descent was probably complete in all of this territory (except Cornwall) by the 11th century (date of extinction in various parts of the territory is debated).
	www.eastpaloaltocaus.com /topic/Brythonic_languages (1254 words)

	Welsh language
		Welsh (Cymraeg, y Gymraeg), not to be confused with the Welsh dialect of English, is a Brythonic branch of Celtic spoken natively in the western part of Britain known as Wales (Cymru), and in the Chubut Valley, a Welsh immigrant colony in the Patagonia region of Argentina.
		Although Welsh is a minority language, and thus threatened by the dominance of English, support for the language grew during the second half of the twentieth century, along with the rise of nationalist political organisations such as the political party Plaid Cymru and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the Welsh Language Society).
		Welsh as a first language is largely concentrated in the less urban north and west of Wales, principally Gwynedd, Merioneth, Anglesey (Môn), Carmarthenshire, North Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion, and parts of West Glamorgan, although first-language and other fluent speakers can be found throughout Wales.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Welsh (1864 words)

	European languages - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is the smallest official language of the EU in terms of speakers.
		Three minor source languages for European borrowings are Arabic (esp. in mathematics and science, foreign plants and fruits), Italian (esp. in arts, esp. from the 15th to the 17th c.), German (esp. in arts, education, mining, trading from the 12th to the 20th c.
		A minority language can be defined as a language used by a group that defines itself as an ethnic minority group, whereby the language of this group is typologically different and not a dialect of the standard language.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/European_languages (2805 words)

	Celtic Language Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Six cultures and their languages are extant today, although the languages of Cornwall and the Isle of Man are on the brink of extinction despite efforts to bring these back.
		Cymraeg / Welsh / The language of CYMRU or WALES
		Kernewek / Cornish / The language of KERNOW or CORNWALL
	www.candledark.net /silver/celtlang.html (1612 words)

	Linguistics
		Language is said to be lateralized and processed in the left hemisphere of the brain.
		A non-standard dialect is associated with covert prestige and is an ethnic or regional dialect of a language.
		The Dravidian languages of Tamil and Telugu are spoken in southeastern India and Sri Lanka.
	www.ielanguages.com /linguist.html (8137 words)

	Gaelic / Goidelic - Language Directory
		Goidelic languages were once restricted to Ireland, but in the 6th century Irish colonists and invaders began migrating to Scotland and eventually assimilated the Brythonic language speakers who lived there.
		Manx, the former common language of the Isle of Man, is descended from the Gaelic spoken in north east Ireland and the now extinct Gaelic of Galloway (Scotland), with heavy influence from Old Norse because of the Viking invasions.
		Goidelic languages may once have been common on the Atlanic coast of Europe and there is some evidence that they were spoken in the region of Galicia in modern Spain.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/gaelic.htm (361 words)

	M/C Journal
		By forming this list, they have created a media audience for themselves, in the first sense of the term, and also literally in the second sense, as a number of them are setting up soundbytes on their elaborately illustrated and explicated Webpages.
		From Hildegard von Bingen's Lingua Ignota to Dante's Inferno and the babbling Nimrod to John Dee's Enochian and on, invented languages have smacked of religious ecstacy, necromancy, pathology, and the demonic.
		Like Yaguello, he is given to some generalities: imaginary languages are 'infantile': 'the result is always [my emphasis] an "impoverishment" of the natural languages in question: reduced to a limited set of open vowels [he means "open syllables"], prone to syllabic reduplication and to excessive syntactical parallelisms and symmetries'.
	journal.media-culture.org.au /0003/languages.php (2684 words)

	Brythonic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The displacement of the languages of Brythonic descent was probably complete in all of this territory (except Cornwall and the English counties bordering Wales) by the 11th century (date of extinction in various parts of the territory is debated).
		There are many Brythonic place-names in lowland Scotland and in the parts of England where it is agreed that substantial Brythonic speakers remained (Brythonic names, apart from those of the former Romano-British towns, are scarse over most of England).
		Brythonic elements found in England include bre- and bal- for hills, and carr for a high rocky place, while some such as coomb for a small deep valley and tor for a hill are examples of Brythonic words that were borrowed into English.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brythonic_languages (1048 words)

	Celtic languages
		Within Indo-European, the Celtic languages are most closely related to the Italic languages, with which they form the Italo-Celtic branch.
		The differences between P and Q languages are most easily seen in the word for son, mac in Q (hard K sound) and map in P languages.
		While none of these characteristics is necessarily unique to the Celtic languages, there are few if any other languages which possess them all.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ce/Celtic_languages.html (162 words)

	A Diversity of Written as well as Spoken Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is a well-known fact that hundreds of languages are spoken around the world, but we in the digital publishing and document imaging industries often do not take pause to consider that written and published documents exist in all of these languages as well.
		Dungan A sino-tibetan language spoken in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
		Kabardian An abkhazo-adyghian (caucasian) language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia (Mozdok), Adyghea and nearby regions of Krasnodar and Stavropol regions.
	www.planetdjvu.com /a_diversity_of_languages.htm (2991 words)

	ABBYY FineReader 7.0 Professional Edition - List of Supported Languages
		A sino-tibetan language spoken in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
		A tupian language spoken in Paraguay and nearby regions in Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia.
		An abkhazo-adyghian (caucasian) language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia (Mozdok), Adyghea and nearby regions of Krasnodar and Stavropol regions.
	www.abbyy.com /finereader7/?param=28558 (2861 words)

	Launguages in Medieval Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One overriding note is that even when a nation or province speaks one language more or less uniformly, it is still possible to travel ten miles and encounter mutually incomprehensible versions of the same language.
		Exactly where the linguistic line is drawn between having different dialects or different languages is well beyond the scope of this meager listing.
		Caucasian languages: A wide variety of languages are spoken in the Caucasian mountains, with only a passing similarity to each other.
	www.oz.net /~nataraja/ars/characters/languages.html (670 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.2457: Language Description: Ball & Fife, eds. (2002)
		One of the key issues for the modern Celtic languages is that numbers of speakers have been dwindling over the centuries; although there have been active attempts to revitalize each of the languages in the 20th-21st centuries, none of these languages are what linguists would call ''secure''.
		As a generalization, the Celtic languages have been victims of governmental policies of the United Kingdom and France (Breton) which promoted the use of and education in one ''universal'' language.
		Each of the chapters provides a chronology of language decline, detailed maps showing location of modern speakers, charts of census data, attitudes of residents towards attempts to increase usage of Celtic languages and a listing of situations in which a particular Celtic language may be used.
	linguistlist.org /issues/14/14-2457.html (1475 words)

	Breton language
		Breton (Brezhoneg) is a Celtic language spoken by some of the inhabitants of Brittany in France.
		Breton is not thought to be a modern-day descendant of any continental Celtic language such as Gaulish, though evidently it has borrowed some features from it, but it is rather descended from insular Brythonic.
		Breton, along with Cornish and Welsh, is a member of the Brythonic languages, a subgroup of the Insular subgroup of the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Breton (313 words)

	Celtling Listserv Links
		This is a collection of Listservs relating to the individual languages in general, not necessarily for learning it.
		A list dedicated to the academic discussion of the Brittonic languages (Brittonic, Cumbric, Welsh, Breton, Cornish) and their literature, from ancient times through the medieval period.
		The Continental Celtic list is a forum for the discussion of the Continental Celtic languages and cultures.
	www.personal.psu.edu /staff/e/j/ejp10/celtling/listservs.html (333 words)

	Study Questions Baugh 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Excluding Hittite and Tocharian (dead languages), list the nine remaining branches of the Indo-European family of languages.
		List any two languages that developed out of the North Germanic sub-branch.
		List any two languages that developed out of the West Germanic sub-branch.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/study/328_Baugh_02.html (1002 words)

	Welsh language (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bilingual road markings in Wales The UK government has ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in respect to Welsh.
		The definitive historical dictionary of Welsh is Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (University of Wales Dictionary of the Welsh Language) http://www.cymru.ac.uk.cob-web.org:8888/geiriadur/ Work in progress on the Second Edition, including an embryonic on-line version, is at http://www.cymru.ac.uk.cob-web.org:8888/geiriadur/gpc_pdfs.htm
		Category:Brythonic languages Category:Welsh culture Welsh als:Walisisch ang:Wielisc geþéode br:Kembraeg cy:Cymraeg de:Walisische Sprache es:Galés eo:Kimra lingvo fr:Gallois kw:Yeth Kembrek la:Lingua Cambriana li:Welsh nl:Welsh no:Walisisk språk ja:ウェールズ語 pl:Język walijski ro:Limba galeză sl:Valižanščina sv:Kymriska wa:Walès minnan:Cymru-gí zh:威尔士语
	welsh-language.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2087 words)

	Languages
		Albanian: Gheg dialect is spoken in the north; Tosk dialect, the south.
		Caucasian languages: A wide variety of languages are spoken in the
		Greek: The official language of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.nadig.com /Personal/saga/Languages.htm (517 words)

	Jeff Lindqvist's Celtic Languages
		The Celtic languages originate from the Ancient Celtic, which was spoken in the Alps.
		The structure of the language is very similar with the Indo-European, as the vowels hardly differ from the French linguist Antoine Meillet's reconstructed language.
		The Insular Celtic languages have a few characteristics, all of which are nowhere to be found in the other Indo-European languages.
	www.fortunecity.com /bally/carlow/122/lingo/celt_lang.html (2194 words)

	Celtling Learner Listserv Links
		This is a collection of Listservs relating to learning to speak the modern Celtic languages.
		A list of some major General Listservs page is also available and it covers older languages.
		Welsh postings are encouraged to have a vocabulary list for uncommon words or translation.
	www.personal.psu.edu /ejp10/celtling/listlearn.html (185 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		WELSH Language Bulletin Board The WELSH-L bulletin board aims to foster the amicable discussion of questions of the Welsh language, Welsh culture, history, and politics, and to offer a forum for speakers and learners of the Welsh language.
		The emphasis will be on Welsh as a living language, and Welsh culture as actually lived out in Wales at the present day.
		If there is an interest in expanding the range of topics to include discussion in and about the language and culture of Welsh's close sister languages, Breton and Cornish, WELSH-L will be able to serve as a forum for that as well.
	www.faqs.org /ftp/usenet/news.announce.newgroups/mailing.lists/welsh (276 words)

	[No title]
		Subject: languages in Florida In response to Allan C. Wechsler re: Seminole: Seminole is listed as a dialect of Muskogee (along with Creek & similar to Mikasuki, at the S. tip of Florida) in Grimes, B.F. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 12th edition.
		Finally, a couple of remarks from the field of child language acquisition: Allan Wechsler () notes that 'coronals are acquired late...
		The Seminoles displaced the original languages of Florida, Timucua in the north and Calusa in the south [2, 4, 5, 6].
	www.umich.edu /~archive/linguistics/linguist.list/volume.3/no.1001-1015 (8865 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Celtic
		You have reached the Celtic Languages page which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library at The University of Montana.
		updated 3-29-2002 Breton (Indo-Hittite) belongs to the Brythonic sub-branch of the Celtic sub-branch of the Indo-European branch of the Indo-Hittite family of languages.
		Breton, Cornish, Gaulish, and Welsh are the Brythonic languages, while Manx and Irish, the latter with its off-shoot of Scots Gaelic, are the Goidelic languages.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/celtich.htm (2286 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the Welsh Language Society)
		Language and culture - brief introduction in English
		Repertoires of characters for languages of Europe, by Michael Everson
	members.aol.com /minoritas/minor.htm (525 words)

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