List of Central Indo-Aryan languages

List of Central Indo-Aryan languages - Factbites
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Topic: List of Central Indo-Aryan languages

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	Who were Illyrians
		Old Persian was the administrative language of the early Achaemenian dynasty dating from the 6th century BC; and an eastern Middle Indo-Aryan dialect was the language of the chancellery of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in India in the mid-3rd century BC.
		The principal language of the Italic group is Latin, originally the speech of the city of Rome and the ancestor of the modern Romance languages: Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, etc. The earliest Latin inscriptions apparently date from the 6th century BC, with literature beginning in the 3rd century.
		Bopp demonstrated in 1838 that the Celtic languages were Indo-European, as had been asserted by Jones.
	www.geocities.com /iliria1

	Ways of Indo-Aryan Migrations: an article by Cyril Babaev
		Another large discovery was a series of articles issued in Russian, American and German journals between 1975 and 1989 by Oleg Trubachov, who first managed to gather large range of data from Pontic districts and the Caucasus and to state that the language of people who used to live there were Indo-Aryan by origin.
		The language of Aryans in Mitanni was a dialectal form of Vedic and sometimes seems even more progressive, though keeps some archaic traits.
		The same kind of story can be told about the question of the Indo-European homeland, which was first suspected to have been situated in India but later was moved to the west - modern scientists place it either in Near East or in Eastern Europe.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article17.html

	Languages
		Central Afghanistan mountains between Kabul and Herat (Hazarajat), in Kabul, in area between Maimana and Sari-Pul, in settlements in north Afghanistan, in Baluchistan and near Quetta in Pakistan.
		Dari is taught in schools; radio Afghanistan broadcasts are promoting a standardized pronunciation of the literary language which is based on the old dictional tradition of the country, with its archaic phonetic characteristics.
		Central northwest Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Tajikistan (Jamshidi and Khazara).
	watanonline2.8m.com /languages.html

	List of Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indo-European languages include some 443 ( SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily.
		Each subfamily in this list contains many subgroups and individual languages.
		This page was last modified 19:14, 15 July 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Indo-European_languages

	Linguist List - List of Ancient and Extinct Languages
		The monuments are mostly in a language of the Cholan subgroup, an archaic version of either Chol or ChortÃ; they may also be in one of the Tzeltalan languages, which are closely related to Cholan.
		A possible extinct language or dialect spoken in the eastern Korean peninsula north of Silla (which kingdom was for centuries limited to the SE corner of the peninsula), it was absorbed by Koguryo some time before the demise of the Koguryo kingdom.
		The language of diplomacy and culture from the 3rd Millennium BC to the early 1st Millennium.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/forms/langs/GetListOfAncientLgs.html

	Everson Typography: List of Language Lists
		This file lists e-mail distribution lists devoted primarily to the linguistic study of individual languages and groups of languages (though a couple of others, in particular lists for language learners, have been included as well).
		COMPARLINGAFRIC is opened to topics where comparative linguistics in African languages of the Sahel-Sahara zone are the subject of discussion, such as: Languages and language families of the Sahel-Sahara zone: (Mande, Chadic, Berber, Nilo-Saharan...); genetic relationships; the description of changes in the context of languages of oral tradition; linguistic changes and factors concerning language transformation.
		(This list never seemed to get off the ground, but there is a web page: http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~siamakr/kurd_lal.html)
	www.evertype.com /langlist.html

	Endangered languages in Europe: indexes
		Languages belonging to the groups (a) and (b) are listed indifferently in the indexes, while (c) diaspora dialects appear unnumbered and unmarked, except in the index by country if they constitute the sole representative of the language in the country.
		Please keep in mind that for languages other than Finno-Ugrian I have had to rely on second-hand sources, and in a number of cases even they were difficult to obtain.
		The latest updates bring Piedmontese, Ligurian, Lombard, and Emilian into the group of potentially endangered languages and it may prove necessary to move at least some of them to the group of endangered languages.
	www.helsinki.fi /~tasalmin/europe_index.html

	List Of Languages By Total Speakers [Definition]
		It borders Egypt to the north, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest....
		It borders on Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Angola and the Gulf of Guinea....
		Arabic has been a literary language for over 1500 years, and is the liturgical language of Islam....
	www.wikimirror.com /List_of_languages_by_total_speakers

	British Academy - Proceedings 116, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples
		In the last few years the materials available for the study of the older Indo-Iranian languages have increased dramatically: there have been sensational discoveries of birch-bark scrolls bearing Buddhist texts in the Gandhari language of north-west India, and of leather documents in Bactrian, the ancient language of northern Afghanistan.
		The exciting recent developments in our understanding of the history of the Indo-Iranian languages and their speakers are surveyed and assessed by a group of internationally renowned linguists and archaeologists.
		And archaeological finds in India, Pakistan and Central Asia, including the ‘Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex’, have given rise to new hypotheses concerning the history and pre-history of the Indo-Iranian peoples.
	www.britac.ac.uk /pubs/cat/pba116.html

	The Indo-European Homeland
		The evidence of the oldest literary records of the Indo-European family of languages, the Rigveda and the Avesta, as we have seen, clearly and unambiguously depicts a movement of the “Indo-Iranians” from the east to the west and northwest.
		And Central Asia and Afghanistan, which, according to the standard theory, is the route by which the Indoaryans migrated into India, turns out to be the route by which the Iranians migrated westwards and northwards.
		But this similarity between Greek and Italic is because “when Indo-European languages were brought to Mediterranean people unfamiliar with voiced aspirated stops, this element brought about the process of unvoicing”,
	www.bharatvani.org /books/rig/ch7.htm

	sanskrit8
		Since most domesticated plants are not common in distant Indo-European languages, it is unlikely that they practiced agriculture before their separation and resettlement.
		The most central and best supported origin is from near the northern shores of the Black Sea.
		The content of this list remains the property of the respective sources in [] brackets.
	member.melbpc.org.au /~tmajlath/sanskrit8.html

	Indo-Aryan Problem: On Language and Archaeology (J.M.Houben)
		When the incoming Indo-Aryans have attained sufficient political power and population numbers, the existing people abandoned and/or were made to abandon their native language (some form of Dravidian?) and started to use Indo-Aryan tongues.
		Jaroslav Vacek, The non-IE linguistic substratum in the IE languages of India, with reference to the Ashokan inscriptions.
		A recent article that mentions this is G. Vajracharya's "The Adaptation of Monsoonal Culture by Rgvedic Aryans: A Further Study of the Frog Hymn," in the Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 3,2 (1997).
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/resources/Indoaryanproblem.htm

	Encyclopedia
		You may read and edit articles in many different languages:
	maks.ath.cx /wiki/Hindi

	List of Languages
		You may also specify the type of material and/or the level of instruction you are seeking.
		For more information about the languages contained within the
		This database is provided in collaboration with the Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, DC.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /lmd/cals.htm

	ejvs0501a.txt
		Indo-European (Sanskrit, Hindi etc.), Dravidian (Tamil, etc.), Munda (Santali, Mundari etc.), Tibeto-Burmese (Newari, Naga, Manipuri, etc.); in addition there are the remnant, isolated languages such as Burushaski in N. Pakistan, Kusunda in Central Nepal, Nahali in Central India, Vedda in Sri Lanka, and Andamanese.
		Therefore, it is not possible to suppose, with Southworth, an early close contact, even in Iran, and on all levels of society, of Dravidas and Indo-Aryans.
		What South Asian languages indeed have in common are certain features, especially some of syntax, that are due to long standing bilingual contacts and that make them appear superficially similar, just as, for the same reasons, the Balkan languages Rumanian, Bulgarian, Albanian, and Greek share some peculiarities which make translation between them easy.
	northshore.shore.net /~india/ejvs/ejvs0501/ejvs0501a.txt

	Ethnologue report for India
		Central Kumauni is in Almora and northern Nainital, Northeastern Kumauni is in Pithoragarh, Southeastern Kumauni is in Southeastern Nainital, Western Kumauni is west of Almora and Nainital.
		There are 22 official 'scheduled' languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Meitei, Nepali, Oriya, Eastern Panjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.
		Dialects: No intelligibility of any Tibeto-Burman languages of Lahul-Spiti and Kinnaur (Chauhan).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=India

	Ethnologue report for India
		Indo-Aryan languages: 491,087,116, 74.24%, Dravidian languages: 157,836,723, 23.86%, Austro-Asiatic languages 7,705,011, 1.16%, Tibeto-Burman languages 4,071,701,.62% (1987 Mahapatra).
		Data accuracy estimate: B, C. The number of languages listed for India is 398.
		Central eastern Bihar, central part of former Santhal Pargana District, Sundar Pahari Block of Godda District, and all but southernmost block of Pakaur District.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=India

	Ways of Indo-Aryan Migrations: an article by Cyril Babaev
		Another large discovery was a series of articles issued in Russian, American and German journals between 1975 and 1989 by Oleg Trubachov, who first managed to gather large range of data from Pontic districts and the Caucasus and to state that the language of people who used to live there were Indo-Aryan by origin.
		The language of Aryans in Mitanni was a dialectal form of Vedic and sometimes seems even more progressive, though keeps some archaic traits.
		The same kind of story can be told about the question of the Indo-European homeland, which was first suspected to have been situated in India but later was moved to the west - modern scientists place it either in Near East or in Eastern Europe.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article17.html

	3.4. EXCHANGES WITH OTHER LANGUAGE FAMILIES
		The Sanskrit terms in the Mitannic language attested in Kurdistan in the 15th century BC seem to be a leftover of an Indo-Aryan presence in West Asia, which presupposes an earlier Indo-Aryan migration through (an already predominantly Iranian-speaking) Central Asia.
		This family of languages is the one with the second greatest geographical spread after IE: from Madagascar through Malaysia and Indonesia, Taiwan and the Philippines, to Melanesia and Polynesia, as far south as New Zealand, as far east as Hawaii and Easter Island.
		It is suspected that the centre of dispersion of the Sinitic languages was near the Koko-nor lake, at the borders of China proper, Tibet and Mongolia.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/ait/ch34.htm

	Art of Legend India: Know India
		Two other languages of the Indo-Aryan family are among the 15 regarded as official languages by the constitution: Sanskrit, a classical literary language, and Sindhi, spoken largely in the Sind province of Pakistan and also by Hindu refugees who came to India after partition in 1947.
		Hinduism evolved from Vedism, the religion of the early Aryan invaders.
		By the 6th century BC at least 16 Aryan states had been established south of the Himalayas, and Brahmanism was flourishing.
	www.artoflegendindia.com /library/knowindia

	LINGUIST List 10.718: Languages in Contact
		This book is available from the Chelyabinsk Archaeological Institute, listed on the following Web site: http://www.indo-european.org/page3a.html.
		Though not complete, the find represents the longest remains of this text, one of the most important works of Buddhist literature from Central Asia.
		206 pp.; [This book is part of the Iazyki mira (Languages of the World) series.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/bibliogs/contact.htm

	Ethnologue report for India
		Sun (1993) lists Tani languages and dialects as Apatani, Milang, Bokar, Damu, Mising, Padam, Bangni, Tagin, Sagli, south Aya, Leli, and perhaps Pailibo, Ramo, Asing, Bori, Pasi, Panggi, Simong, Minyong, Karok, Hill Miri, and some northern and western dialects of Nisi.
		Languages and dialects in the Western Hindi group are Hindustani, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Kanauji, Bundeli; see separate entries.
		Of those, 415 are living languages and 13 are extinct.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=India

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Indo-China
		The early periods of the history of Indo-China are shrouded in a darkness illumined only by such stray gleams of information as can be obtained from a comparative study of its people, languages, civilizations, and customs.
		Within the space of a little more than four years (1957-62), the list of martyrs included 115 Annamite priests (one-third of the native clergy), 100 Annamite nuns, and more than 500 of the faithful.
		Whether the temple was consecrated to Buddha, or whether the sanctuary in the central tower, ornamented with gigantic statues looking towards the cardinal points contained an enormous lingam is also disputed, but in view ofthe numerous lingams found in various parts of Cambodia, the latter opinion is more probable.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07765a.htm

	Bengali language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bānglā (ব& is an Indo-Aryan language of South Asia that evolved as a successor to the earlier Sanskrit, Pali, and Prakrit languages.
		Along with Assamese, the Bengali language is geographically among the easternmost of the Indo-European languages.
		Bangladeshis (then East Pakistanis) were initially agitated by a decision by Central Pakistan Government to establish Urdu, a minority language spoken only by the supposed elite class of West Pakistan, as the sole national language for all of Pakistan.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Bengali_language

	India - Linguistic Relations
		The languages of India belong to four major families: Indo-Aryan (a branch of the Indo-European family), Dravidian, Austroasiatic (Austric), and Sino-Tibetan, with the overwhelming majority of the population speaking languages belonging to the first two families.
		Native speakers of Hindi, who are concentrated in North India, contend that English, as a relic from the colonial past and spoken by only a small fraction of the population, is hopelessly elitist and unsuitable as the nation's official language.
		The question has been settled from the central government's point of view by making Goa a state and Konkani a Scheduled Language.
	countrystudies.us /india/63.htm (1308 words)

	Science Fair Projects - List of Bhil languages
		The Central Indo-Aryan languages include some 67 ( SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by many people in Asia ; this language family is a part of the Indo-Aryan language family.
		The Central Indo-Aryan branch is the largest part of the Indo-Aryan language family.
		The following languages have not been sorted into subgroups within the Central Inro-Aryan language family.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/List_of_Bhil_languages (1308 words)

	Art of Legend India: Know India
		Two other languages of the Indo-Aryan family are among the 15 regarded as official languages by the constitution: Sanskrit, a classical literary language, and Sindhi, spoken largely in the Sind province of Pakistan and also by Hindu refugees who came to India after partition in 1947.
		There is a third list of subjects, such as price control, on which both the central and state governments may pass laws.
		The list of official languages includes four Dravidian tongues: Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, which predominate, respectively, in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
	www.artoflegendindia.com /library/knowindia (10963 words)

	Art of Legend India: Know India
		Two other languages of the Indo-Aryan family are among the 15 regarded as official languages by the constitution: Sanskrit, a classical literary language, and Sindhi, spoken largely in the Sind province of Pakistan and also by Hindu refugees who came to India after partition in 1947.
		The list of official languages includes four Dravidian tongues: Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, which predominate, respectively, in the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
		There is a third list of subjects, such as price control, on which both the central and state governments may pass laws.
	www.artoflegendindia.com /library/knowindia (10965 words)

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In the News (Tue 7 Oct 08)