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Topic: List of Chinese dissidents

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	Human Rights Conditions of Dissidents in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This report will discuss the human rights conditions of Chinese dissidents under the ruling of the new state leader, which means that we will mainly focus on events that happened in 2003.
		Wang has been a spiritual leader of overseas Chinese dissidents since 1982 when he finished his Ph.D. study in medical science in Canada and gave up at once his enviable career as a hopeful surgeon in order to pursue democracy and freedom for Chinese people.
		The following is a partial list of Chinese dissidents detained or sentenced since the change of state leaders in late December 2002.
	wangbingzhang.us /comment/article0010_en.htm (2178 words)

	CCSPubs \| Politics and Society
		Whiting presents a framework for anticipating Chinese political-military behavior in the nuclear era and reconstructs China's responses to the perceived threat from India in 1962 and Beijing's secret military participation in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968.
		He compares these with Chinese actions in the Korean War and Sino-Soviet border clashes to show patterns in Chinese calculations of deterrence and the use of force.
		A study of the dynamics at the center of Chinese politics as revealed in the "Central Documents" through which the leadership communicates with the rest of the political system.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/ccs/pubs/blist/politics_society.htm (783 words)

	Human Rights Watch
		Almost 50 percent of those listed were placed on police "most wanted" notices after June 4, 1989, all in connection with alleged offenses arising from their exercise of internationally recognized rights to free speech and association during the protest movement of that year.
		The list of "Category 1" people is in clear violation of international law, however, since the charges pending against these individuals are for political offenses that are in conflict with the rights to freedom of expression and association.
		Chinese government policy in practice thus runs counter to the spirit of its repeated exhortations to all citizens living overseas, particularly students, to return to China, stating that those who had participated in demonstrations and other activities would not be prosecuted.
	www.researchmethods.org /cp/list-1.htm (4081 words)

	Representative Christopher H. Smith - (NJ04) - Congressman Christopher Smith Opening Statement “The Internet in China: ...
		The Laogai system of forced labor camps is still full with an estimated 6 million people; the Chinese government permits a horrifying trade in human organs; the PRC’s draconian one-child per couple policy has made brothers and sisters illegal and coerced abortion commonplace; and political and religious dissidents are systematically persecuted and tortured.
		They have aided and abetted the Chinese regime to prop up both of these pillars, propagating the message of the dictatorship unabated and supporting the secret police in a myriad of ways, including surveillance and invasion of privacy, in order to effectuate the massive crackdown on its citizens.
		On an informal request from the Chinese government, Microsoft on December 30, 2005 shut down the blog of Zhao Jing because the content of Zhao’s blog on MSN Spaces was offensive to the PRC.
	www.house.gov /apps/list/press/nj04_smith/opchinahearing.html (1868 words)

	List of Chinese dissidents - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many Chinese political activists have been detained, jailed and/or exiled.
		There are also a large number of Chinese who claim to be dissidents and seek to defect, usually to USA, Canada, UK, Australia or New Zealand.
		To support their application to migrate, it is quite common for self proclaimed dissidents to cite their participation in Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, their strong religious belief in Falun Gong or that they are being pursued by a network of spies (Chen Yonglin).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Chinese_dissidents (322 words)

	The New York Review of Books: China's Psychiatric Terror
		Munro's eloquent and convincing study reveals is that from the 1950s onward not only Chinese dissidents but people who submitted petitions to the authorities have been detained by the police, examined by psychiatrists, and found to be criminally insane—or, if found mentally "normal," designated as criminals to be cast into the prison system.
		The diagnoses made in both the political dissident and Falun Gong cases, ranging from "delusions of reform" to "paranoid psychosis," are highly reminiscent of the long-discredited label of "sluggish schizophrenia" that the Soviets used to apply to their dissidents and religious nonconformists.
		But whatever further inquiry may show, the fact that dissidents are sent to an Ankang, diagnosed there as "political maniacs," and imprisoned, according to official sources, for an average of five years is a violation of their human rights and of the international medical standards which China insists it follows.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/16082 (3880 words)

	Human Rights in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Chinese government and many ordinary Chinese stress the negative outcomes of that transition: economic chaos in Russia and communal violence in the former Yugoslavia.
		The polarization of human rights issues in U.S.-Chinese relations often obscures the fact that both the Chinese state and society are in a process of incremental but remarkable change, which has afforded ordinary citizens unprecedented personal freedom, although it doesn't promise an immediate transition to democracy.
		Beyond concern for avowed dissidents, the United States should support reformers within the Chinese bureaucracy and the growing cadre of national and local politicians who openly debate government priorities.
	www.brookings.edu /comm/policybriefs/pb50.htm (3253 words)

	CNN - China's Wang pleads for other dissidents' release - April 20, 1998
		DETROIT (CNN) -- Chinese dissident Wang Dan, whose leadership role in the 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy protests earned him international attention, pleaded for the release of more prisoners of conscience Monday as he underwent medical tests at a Detroit hospital.
		China's release of the famed dissident was hailed by the Clinton administration.
		The list was sent to U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, who will visit China next week to lay the groundwork for Clinton's trip.
	www.cnn.com /US/9804/20/wang.dan/index.html (902 words)

	Mr. Chirac emphasizes French support for China's direction
		During his visit, the head of the State pled for the lifting of the European embargo on the sales of armament in China, affirmed that it "includes/understands perfectly" the sights of the leaders Chinese on the question of Taiwan, and given a list of ten dissidents whose fate worries Paris.
		But the French president supports that the Chinese are able to produce this category of armaments, making all the more null and void the prolongation of such a measurement.
		Chirac was satisfied to present at his counterpart a list of ten Chinese dissidents whose fate remains alarming.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1241518/posts (1004 words)

	Representative Christopher H. Smith - (NJ04) - Smith Op-Ed: "Do No Online Evil"
		In the case of China, there's clear evidence that U.S. technology companies are collaborating with a brutally oppressive regime in decapitating the voice of its dissidents.
		Yahoo also handed over information to Chinese authorities on another of its users, Li Zhi -- who was later sentenced to eight years in prison for "inciting subversion." His only "crime" was to use online discussion groups and articles to criticize official corruption.
		By using a combination of technology and an estimated force of 30,000 cyber-police to monitor, filter, and block critical content the Chinese government prevents its people from having access to uncensored information on political and human-rights topics.
	www.house.gov /apps/list/press/nj04_smith/opedgofa.html (888 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for List of Chinese dissidents
		The new voices of dissent: armed with pagers, Chinese dissidents are challenging Beijing.
		Chinese Dissident Arrives In U.S.; Release of Key Leader In '89 Protest Smooths Way for Clinton Visit
		For Chinese Dissidents, A Chance to Be Heard; Jiang's Visit Prompts Show of Solidarity
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=List+of+Chinese+dissidents (319 words)

	EFF: DeepLinks
		It has declared to dissidents everywhere that here is another Western company happy to barter away the rights they struggle for, and that the Western governments claim are precious.
		In China, the censor list for China is secret; and while Google does give notice when censored search results are presented, they do not provide links to further detailed information as they do when censored by Western states.
		Then, by accurately recounting what and when they hid from the Chinese people at the behest of their rulers, Google can at least hope be able to make some part atonement for collaborating with authoritarian states; and for censoring so much of the Net for so many people.
	www.eff.org /deeplinks/archives/004362.php#004362 (927 words)

	Fujian - China Tour - Travel to China
		Further development was severely hampered by the Hai jinsea trade ban of the Ming Dynasty, and the area was superseded by nearby ports of Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai despite the lifting of the ban in 1550.
		The She (ethnic group)She, scattered over mountainous regions in the north, is the largest List of Chinese ethnic groupsminority ethnic group of the province.
		Genetic studies have suggested that a significant proportion of Han Chinese ancestry in Fujian descend (predominantly matrilineally) from pre-Sinicization aborigines.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Fujian (2963 words)

	CHINA: ENFORCED EXILE OF DISSIDENTS
		The authorities allowed dissidents to leave, thereby appearing to appease human rights critics in the U.S., while at the same time, they secretly pursueda policy of sending former political prisoners and other dissidents into involuntary exile abroad.
		We should note that there is nothing illegal in countries alerting their immigration officials to "wanted" lists of citizens who have arrest warrants pending against them so they can be pickedup at airports if they attempt to enter the country, or of foreign nationals legitimately barred from entering.
		5 Chinese government policy in practice thus runs counter to the spirit of its repeated exhortations to all citizens living overseas, particularly students, to return to China, stating that those who had participated in demonstrations and other activities would not be prosecuted.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1995/China.htm (3998 words)

	Wei Jingsheng Summary
		Chinese human rights activist Wei Jingsheng (born 1950) has spent most of his adult life either in prison or exile for his participation in protests against his government's policies.
		On November 16, 1997, Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng was released from prison in his country and allowed to fly to the United States.
		At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in August, 1966, Mao called for a reinvigoration of Chinese Communism, and urged young people in the "Red Guards" to direct their energies to the task of rooting out all forces opposed to revolution.
	www.bookrags.com /Wei_Jingsheng (2052 words)

	angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		While the Chinese legal system has often been criticized for being unjust and opaque, there remain a number of cases each year that stand out from among the rest as being particularly indicative of "Justice with Chinese characteristics".
		Under regulations brought in by Hu, the Chinese news media is currently expressly forbidden from carry any information of footage gained from overseas sources, or from foreign sources operating within China, without express case by case permission from the state.
		The second of these schools is exemplified by the Chinese government; which holds that it should be the sold source of information in China, and which commonly acts to ensure that all knowledge being distributed to the Chinese people is in agreement with the official line on history, culture and society.
	angrychineseblogger.blog-city.com (3477 words)

	Chinese dissidents protest Web site shutdown - ZDNet UK
		Dozens of Chinese writers and dissidents have decried the closing of a Web site they said was one of the few refuges for relatively unfettered views in their censorship-bound country.
		The signatories included veteran dissident Liu Xiaobo and Ding Zilin, a retired academic who has campaigned for redress to families whose kin were killed or maimed in Beijing's bloody crackdown on protesters in 1989.
		A Beijing-based Tibetan writer who writes in Chinese, Woeser, said on Tuesday that her blogs were closed after she displayed a picture of Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, on one of them, Radio Free Asia reported.
	news.zdnet.co.uk /internet/0,1000000097,39280383,00.htm (438 words)

	[A-List] Who's revolting now?
		Just as Lenin had his Parvus Helphand to fund his devotion to the cause, so the dissidents of 1989 received cash from the west while nominally working as factory floor sweepers in the "normalised" Czechoslovakia or Poland.
		But without a split in the communist elite, and without western aid to dissidents, popular discontent would have been crushed, as it was in 1956, 1968 and 1981.
		Other states that followed the Soviet model of restricted access to markets and rigorous exchange controls (plus state control of pretty well all the means of production) actually delayed what Marx saw as the essential global precondition for a communist revolution: a worldwide market vulnerable to the same crisis simultaneously.
	lists.econ.utah.edu /pipermail/a-list/2002-April/037340.html (2542 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . China - Silenced . The Story \| PBS
		Their Chinese tour guide tells them that originally, the military had stationed him in Xinjiang -- a "hardship post" that he slowly grew accustomed to.
		He sat in our hotel room, trembling, for close to an hour." This man, she adds, seemed to be the "embodiment of the fear and results [of Chinese policy toward the Uighurs]." He could not bring himself to talk on camera.
		Fang says that as the Chinese police interrogated her, they kept asking her why she was so interested in terrorists.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/china401/thestory.html (1070 words)

	People in Prison
		nternational PEN recently highlighted the plight of Chinese dissidents who used the internet to voice their disagreements with the government.
		Du Daobin was detained in late October 2003 by the Chinese government for "subverting state administration." CNN.com reports that Daobin publicly criticized the government, accusing it of being corrupt and demanded an "end to censorship and harassment of writers" in articles he published on overseas websites.
		In response to his arrest, approximately 500 intellectuals both in China and abroad began a petition for his release and addressed it to Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, claiming it was illegal and that China's constitution guarantees freedom of expression.
	www.dfn.org /ChineseDissidentsImprisoned.shtml (634 words)

	Chinese Alliance--Dissident Intoduction List
		Now he is one of the two spokes person for Free China Movement--a newly created coalition composed of more than 30 Chinese dissident organizations all around the world.
		dissident writer and worker organizer in 1970s, sentenced to 18 years and stayed in labor camp for 8 years and tortured and his wrests were almost crippled by the police with life long signs on his arms.
		Chair of the Chinese Student Association in Michigan State University and one of the founders of the Modern Chinese Problem Research Forum in Harvard.
	members.tripod.com /~ChineseAlliance/oversea/dissident.html (1060 words)

	Chinese Government Bullies Online Political Dissidents \| Kairosnews
		The NYT article on same topic submitted by pz, stating that the Chinese government has become "surprisingly nimble over the past five or six years in surpassing the technological challenges the dissidents have presented them.'' Among the measures taken is the banning of "proxy" servers which dissidents used before in order to access banned websites.
		Chinese Dissident Use of the Internet and Beijing's Counter-Strategies" are available here.
		This type of spamming (and perhaps the spoofing of file content as well) seem to be the current legal alternatives to outright hacking for institutions attempting to discomfort rival internet users.
	kairosnews.org /chinese-government-bullies-online-political-dissidents (369 words)

	IT firms slammed for aiding Chinese censorship
		THE TAIPEI TIMES said that major IT firms are supplying technology to the Chinese government which is using the kit to suppress press freedom.
		Firms accused of collaborating with the Chinese authorities include Cisco, Yahoo and French firm Thales.
		When they're caught, dissidents face kangaroo trials and often end up thrown into clink for years.
	www.theinquirer.net /?article=27422 (133 words)

	Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center
		The first conference passed the constitution of the party, which stated the party’s guiding principles as “to uphold the principles of democracy and peace in fighting to end the Chinese Communist Party's colonial rule in Inner Mongolia,” and “the ultimate goal of the IMPP is to achieve the independence of Inner Mongolia.”.
		On April 27, 1998, Xi Haiming telephoned Hada’s wife Xinna, and told her that he is going to hand in an open letter along with a list of Chinese dissidents’ names to the US president Clinton and German Chancellor Kohl.
		At the meeting, IMPP condemned the Chinese government’s continuing occupation and suppression in Inner Mongolia, calling on the international community to pay attention to Inner Mongolian human rights situation, urging the United States and other countries to give pressure on the Chinese government to release all political dissidents including Hada and Tegshi.
	www.smhric.org /news_39.htm (6831 words)

	Cyber-Dissidents Should be Freed (Human Rights Watch Press release, New York, May 2, 2003)
		Read about seven Internet dissidents and write letters on their behalf to the people who are in a position to secure their release.
		Human Rights Watch is marking World Press Freedom Day, Saturday, May 3, by launching an online campaign to profile Internet dissidents, and to encourage the international community to pressure governments for their release.
		Some have been subjected to torture, others are ill, and all suffer substandard prison conditions for no reason other than peacefully expressing their views.
	www.hrw.org /press/2003/05/cyberdissidents.htm (360 words)

	China - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One motive appeared to be the forcible return of Chinese nationals, particularly Uighur asylum-seekers and refugees branded as “separatists” or “terrorists” by the Chinese authorities.
		Veteran dissident Kang Yuchun was released from prison five years before the end of his sentence on the eve of the European Union (EU)-China human rights dialogue in October.
		A series of releases of high-profile Tibetan prisoners of conscience during 2002 was not maintained in 2003, and freedom of religion, association and expression continued to be severely restricted.
	web.amnesty.org /report2004/chn-summary-eng (2635 words)

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