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Topic: List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena

	Modena - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena is a town and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
		Modena is the birthplace of the legendary operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti.
		Modena also hosts the Italian Military Academy, where Italian officers are trained, partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by Francis I in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini, and finished by Francis Ferdinand V with a fine courtyard.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Mutina (968 words)

	Modena - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena is a city and a province on the south side of thePo valley, in Emilia-Romagna,Italy.
		Modena is the birthplace of the legendary operatic tenorLucianoPavarotti.
		Modena also hosts theItalian Military Academy, where Italian officers are trained,partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by Francis I in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini,and finished by Francis Ferdinand V with afine courtyard.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Modena (959 words)

	Dukes
		Dukes of Brabant family tree This is a family tree of the count of Louvain becomes Duke of Lower Lorraine, to 1430.
		3 Dukes of Leczyca Dukes of Leczyca Henry I the Bearded (Henryk I Brodaty) Konrad...
		List of Dukes of Parma The Duchy of 1860.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/dukes.html (535 words)

	Este - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Obizzo d'Este II (d 1293) was proclaimed Lord of Ferrara in 1264, Lord of Modena 1288 and Lord of Reggio 1289.
		The last duke of the direct line, Ercole III d'Este, was deposed in 1796 by the French as his Italian principality was incorporated into the Cisalpine Republic, later Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
		Duke Ercole died in 1803 and Breisgau was inherited by his daughter (and her husband), who soon (1805) lost it to the enlarging
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Este (888 words)

	List of Dukes of Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		List of the Lords and Dukes of Ferrara and Modena
		In 1452 the Italian family of Este, Lords of Ferrara, were created Dukes of Modena and Reggio, becoming Dukes of Ferrara also in 1471.
		In 1814 it was restored under the Habsburg grandson of the last Este Duke, continuing until it was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia in 1859.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Dukes_of_Modena (213 words)

	Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena also hosts the Italian Military Academy, where Italian officers are trained, partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini, and finished by with a fine courtyard.
		The territory around Modena (Roman Mutina, Etruscan Muoina) was inhabited by the Villanovans in the Iron Age, and later by Ligurian tribes, Etruscans and the Gaulish Boii, the settlment itself being Etruscan.
		Although its foundation date is unknown, it is known that it was already in existence in the III century BC, for in 218 BC, during Hannibal's invasion of Italy, the Boii revolted and laid siege to the city.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Mutina (1238 words)

	Read about Modena at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Modena and learn about Modena here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
		Saint Geminianus, bishop and patron of Modena), but it was eventually buried by a great flood in the 7th century and abandoned.
		Ferrara, the main Este seat, fell to the Pope (1598).
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Modena (1213 words)

	Modena [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena is a city and a provinceIn Italy, the Province (in Italian: provincia) is an administrative division of an intermediate level, between municipality (comune) and region (regione).
		Modena is the birthplace of the legendary operatic tenor Luciano PavarottiThe Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti (born October 12, 1935), is one of the most famous living opera singers.
		Duchy of Modena and ReggioThe Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small Italian state that existed (with a break between 1796 and 1814) from 1452 to 1859.
	www.wikimirror.com /Modena (2328 words)

	Modena - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although its foundation date is unknown, it is known that it was already in existence in the III century BC, for in 218 BC, during Hannibal's invasion of Italy, the Boi revolted and sieged the city.
		Until the III century AD it kept its position as the most important city in the newly formed Aemilia, but the fall of the Empire brought Mutina down with it, because it was used as a military base both against the barbarians and in the civil wars.
		It is said that Mutina was never sacked by Attila, for a dense fog hid it (an miracle by Saint Geminianus, bishop and patron of Modena), but it was eventually buried by a great flood in the VII century AD and abandoned.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Modena.html (1155 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Lists of office-holders
		lists of people in various offices and positions, including heads of states or of subnational entities (in no particular order).
		Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes on 2005 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.
		List of Patriarchs of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Lists_of_office-holders (1214 words)

	Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio Emilia) was a small Italy state that existed (with a break between 1796 and 1814) from 1452 to 1859.
		The last Este Duke became ruler of former Austria territories in southwestern Germany (the Breisgau), and died in 1803.
		In December of 1859, Modena joined with Grand Duchy of Tuscany and Duchy of Parma to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March of 1860.
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Duchy_of_Modena.html (233 words)

	City of art - MODENA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena was a Roman colony and later an important Commune which in 1288 came into the possession of the d'Este family.
		The Cathedral of Modena is one of the highest expressions of Romanesque art: built in 1099 to the architect Lanfranco's design, it was embellished by remarkable sculptures by Wiligelmo.
		Modena's monumentality may be said to be laid out in islands, following ill-advised demolitions and town-planning interventions over the years.
	www.hostels-emiliaromagna.it /secondari/pag125_e.htm (458 words)

	Duchy of Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small Italian state that existed (with a breakbetween 1796 and 1814) from 1452 to 1859.
		With the fall of the Napoleonicsystem in Italy in 1814, Ferdinand's son, Francis IV, became Duke of Modena.
		In December of 1859, Modena joined with Tuscany and Parma to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March of 1860.
	www.therfcc.org /duchy-of-modena-262841.html (211 words)

	::: Modena ::: storia - history
		Through the course of the middle ages Modena was subjected to various forms of government, from the reign of the countess Matilde di Canossa (1076-1115) to autonomy as a city-state (1126-1288), from independent republicanism (1306-1307) to the dominion of the Bonacolsi family (1311-1328).– 1307) al potere della famiglia Bonacolsi (1311 – 1328).
		For several years a severe famine had been decimating the population, and the permanent open-air canal system was serving as a breeding ground for all kinds of epidemics, culminating in the terrible plague of 1630 in which some 40% of the population perished (a census carried out in 1581 set the population at 18,000 inhabitants).
		It was in fact in the eighteenth century that Modena acquired the urban features that distinguish her today, with the characteristic harmony between different architectural styles.
	www.discoveringmodena.it /storia/history.htm (3914 words)

	Articles - Este (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The two surviving branches, with Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria on the German side, concluded an agreement in 1154 which allocated the family's Italian possessions to the younger line, the Fulc-Este, who in the course of time acquired Ferrara, Modena und Reggio.
		Borso was elevated to Duke of Modena and Reggio by Emperor Frederick III in 1452 and in return received these duchies as imperial fiefs.
		Ferrara, on the other hand, was annexed in 1598 by Pope Clement VIII on grounds of doubtful legitimacy and incorporated into the Papal States.
	www.mainearth.com /articles/Este (1056 words)

	Articles - Este (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The elder branch of the House of Este, the House of Welf, produced dukes of Bavaria (1070-1139, 1156-1180), dukes of Saxony (1138-1139, 1142-1180), a German king (1198-1218), dukes and electors of Brunswick and LÃ¼neburg (1208-1918), kings of Hanover (1815-1866), and kings of Great Britain (1714-1901).
		He succeeded his maternal uncle, Welf III, as duke of Carinthia, became duke of Bavaria in 1070, and is the ancestor of the elder branch, the House of Welf.
		The last duke, Ercole III, was deposed in 1796 by the French and his two duchies became the Cispadane Republic which one year later was merged into the Cisalpine Republic and then into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Este (1068 words)

	Modena articles and news from Start Learning Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena is the birthplace of the operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti, and is also well known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar.
		Although the exact date of its foundation is unknown, it is known that it was already in existence in the 3rd century BC, for in 218 BC, during Hannibal's invasion of Italy, the Boii revolted and laid siege to the city.
		His equally reactionary son Francis V, Duke of Modena, was temporarily expelled from Modena in the European Revolution of 1848, but was restored by Austrian troops.
	www.startlearningnow.com /Modena.htm (1335 words)

	Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modena is a city and a Provinces of Italyprovince on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy/.
		Modena also hosts the Italian Military Academy, where Italian officers are trained, partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by Francesco I d'EsteFrancis I in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini, and finished by Francis Ferdinand V/ with a fine courtyard.
		The month a woman is born appears to be a factor in the age when she reaches menopause, according to a new study.
	www.infothis.com /find/Modena (1376 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Eagles and Snake - The house of Este, dukes of Milano
		Duke Hermann, a poor judge of character, welcomed the attention from his younger neighbor and styled himself as a mentor to the adolescent Italian duke.
		The duke of Pisa was besieging Pavia undisturbed, except by the mosquitos and malaria from the marshes.
		The duke mercifully spared him the real reasons why he would not consider him for his daughter (who was horrified at the prospect), mentioned it would not be appropriate to discuss the issue in his condition, and sent him on his way back.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=160011 (7380 words)

	Italy
		When the Duke of Modena was deposed by Napoleon, he was compensated by the Treaty of Campo Formio (between France and Austria, 1797) with Breisgau.
		In particular, it shows the line of the Hapsburg Dukes of Modena, the first of whom, Ferdinand, had married the heiress of the d'Este family, the previous Dukes of Modena, Maria Beatrice.
		The list of Kings of Sardinia is given under the periphery of Francia, because that is really where Sardinia belongs, since it was long a possession of Romania, Islâm, and then Aragón.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (9544 words)

	Hotel Antico Casale - Vigarano Mainarda Ferrara, Italy \| Italy Hotels Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		TOWN OF FERRARA Ferrara was an important medieval centre and one of the most opulent courts of the Renaissance.
		Ferrara is a silent city, on a human scale, where you can stroll on foot or pedal slowly on a bicycle, at any hour of the day or night, without any fear, reliving the magic atmosphere of the past with each step.
		Ferrara is one of the most important centres of artistic and cultural interest in Italy, thanks, in the first place, to the Diamond Palace, seat of prestigious exhibitions and to the top quality seasons of its Municipal Theatre.
	www.italyhotelsdb.com /hotelWCT11281997.htm (1189 words)

	Este - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The family took its name from the castle of Este, near Padua.
		The last duke, Ercole d'Este III, was deposed in 1796 by the French and died in 1803.
		The family ruled the Duchy of Modena and Reggio again from 1814 to 1859 becoming Asburgo - Este (Haupsburg - Este).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Este (70 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church
		His representative, Duke Lambert of Spoleto, under the pretence of superintending the election of the pope, invaded Rome in 867, and treated it as conquered territory.
		Reggio and Modena, which belonged to the Duke of Ferrara, were also taken possession of by the pope, but his successor Leo X had to restore these cities to the duke in 1515.
		Modena and Reggio, however, fell in 1597 to a collateral line of the Este as a fief of the empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14257a.htm (12101 words)

	Modena, Italy Cheap Hotels Motels - hotel and motel rooms and reservations available in Modena, Italy
		Modena, Italy is a great place to stay in a hotel or rent a car.
		Whether you're traveling for a family vacation or a corporate business trip our Modena, Italy travel information will help you find a hotel that matches your needs and offers you the lowest rates available on the internet.
		Click on a hotel or motel name from the list of hotels and motels available in Modena, Italy to find hotel and motel reservations that are available at this location.
	www.eztrip.com /Rine/Modena/MODENA_IT_INTL.html (368 words)

	List of Dukes of Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		1 Este Dukes of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio, 1452-1597
		3 Habsburg - Este Dukes of Modena and Reggio, 1814-1860
		Este Dukes of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio, 1452-1597
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_dukes_of_modena.html (204 words)

	Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small Italian state that existed (with a break between 1796 and 1814) from 1452 to 1859.
		Following his death, Modena was inherited by his son-in-law, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este, an uncle of Emperor Francis II.
		With the fall of the Napoleonic system in Italy in 1814, Ferdinand's son, Francis IV, became Duke of Modena.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Duchy-of-Modena-and-Reggio.htm (299 words)

	Adoration of the Sacrament
		How far Adrian's consciousness of his own importance had grown is evident from the fact that while in the beginning of his reign he had dated his public documents by the years of the Greek emperors, from the end of 781 he dated them by the years of his own pontificate.
		He died near Modena Aug., 885, on his way to attend a diet at Worms on the invitation of Charles the Fat, and was buried at Nonantula.
		Nyassaland is carried on the lists of the Roman Catholic Church as a provicariate confided to the care of the Algerian Missionary Society.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc01/htm/iii.ii.htm (17544 words)

	List of Dukes of Modena
		After 1597 the Este Dukes of Ferrara lost control of Ferrara itself to the Papal States.
		They continued to rule a small state in north-central Italy, however, the Duchy of Modena.
		The Duchy continued in existence until 1796, when it became part of Napoleon Bonaparte's Cispadane Republic.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_dukes_of_modena.html (110 words)

	Land and Power in Late Medieval Ferrara - Cambridge University Press
		Much of the book is concerned with the ways by which the Este used their vast landed resources in and around Ferrara to build up and reinforce their personal political authority both within and outside their dominions.
		Among the major themes examined are the continuing presence of political feudalism in the relations between the Este and their supporters, the place of the court in Ferrarese noble society, and the violent imposition of Este authority over the powerful nobles of the Apennine hills.
		List of maps; Preface; List of abbreviations; Note on sources; Note on money, measurements and terms; 1.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521521866 (223 words)

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