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Topic: List of Earth observation satellites

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Earth observation satellite

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	Joe Frasketi's Space Covers - Satellites
		Explorer 1, first U.S. earth satellite, was launched on Jan 31, 1958 by a modified ABMA-JPL Jupiter-C rocket, with a U.S.-International Geophysical Year (IGY) scientific experiment of James A. Van Allen, which discovered the radiation belt around the earth.
		Tiros 1 was the first known weather observation satellite (Television Infra-Red Observation Satellite) and was launched into orbit on Apr 1, 1960 by a Thor-Able Rocket.
		Tiros 1 was hailed as ushering in "a new era of meteorological observing".
	spacecovers.com /pricelists/categories/category_satellites.htm (1528 words)

	Encyclopedia: Satellite
		The general criterion for an object to be a satellite is that the center of mass of the two objects is inside the primary object.
		Navigation satellites are satellites which use radio time signals transmitted to enable mobile receivers on the ground to determine their exact location.
		Weather satellites are satellites that primarily are used to monitor the weather and/or climate of the Earth.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Satellite (634 words)

	Earth Observation Market Development
		Earth Observation instruments enable retrieval of wave height and period, wind vectors and ocean current velocity at global and regional scales.
		Satellite based instruments measuring wind, wave and current conditions are operating near continuously, so that the time-space density of measurements is more complete than networks of in-situ measurement systems.
		Satellite based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments measure the intensity of radiation scattered back to the satellite from the oceans surface which is strongly related to surface roughness properties.
	www.eomd.esa.int /booklets/booklet162.asp (2639 words)

	science@nasa - Earth-Sun System Missions
		SOHO, a joint venture of the European Space Agency and NASA, is a solar observatory studying the structure, chemical composition, and dynamics of the solar interior; the structure (density, temperature and velocity fields) and dynamics of the outer solar atmosphere; and the solar wind and its relation to the solar atmosphere.
		The satellite was designed to advance the study of solar physics and astrophysics through the examination of solar flares, gamma ray bursts, diffuse X-ray cosmic background, and energetic neutral atoms.
		SNOE ("snowy") is a small satellite investigating the effects of energy from the sun and from the magnetosphere on the density of nitric oxide in the Earth's upper atmosphere.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /missions/earth-sun.html (3688 words)

	OBSERVATION SATELLITES
		An observation satellite could be used to detect and locate missile firings, for example, serving either to monitor agreements regarding missile launchings or to assist in reducing the measure of surprise from an attack.
		Interest in the 24-hour satellite for observation stems mainly from the somewhat intuitive notion that it would be useful to observe activities on Earth from a fixed position.
		For those satellites powered by chemical batteries alone, the upper limit of working life is set by the total energy content of the batteries and the rate at which such energy is used by the apparatus in the satellite.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/conghand/satobsrv.htm (6890 words)

	Earth Observation Magazine
		The government is not severely limiting resolution as it's already granted licenses for 1/2 meter satellite images and made provisions for 1/4 meter coverage.
		Satellite imagery is outside the threshold of personal privacy.
		One must presume that if the government has licensed commercial satellite companies to go to half-meter resolution, then their systems are still even better.
	www.eomonline.com /Archives/FebMar04/schutzberg2.html (2004 words)

	Iridium Flares (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Knowing the satellite's position, its orientation, the relative Sun angle to the satellite, the reflective properties of a mirror and the observers position on Earth, a program can be developed to calculate the projected specular reflection of the Sun from the Main Mission Antennae to an observer.
		Iridium 27 (inoperable) was the fourth satellite to reenter on Feb 1, 2002.
		Two Iridium satellites are tentatively planned to be launched aboard a Eurockot on a Rokot KM vehicle (a modified RS-18 ICBM) from Plesetsk, Russia in June 2002.
	www.satobs.org /iridium.html (1843 words)

	CSA - Earth Observation INFO Days
		The goal of Earth Observation INFO Days was to provide information about current programs and upcoming activities resulting from Canadian investment in Earth Observation sensors, with a view to developing business opportunities and increasing the use of the space data.
		The importance of Earth observation to Canada and the world is seen through the Government of Canada's support of initiatives such as Global Monitoring for the Environment and Security (GMES) and the Group on Earth Observations (GEO).
		Earth observation is central to the development of new operational information systems to support the evolution of the Agricultural Policy Framework and help Canada move towards a knowledge-based economy.
	www.space.gc.ca /asc/eng/events/2004/infodays.asp?printer=1 (1655 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs (2000)
		Satellites that must carry on-board propulsion for orbit maintenance or attitude control can sometimes effectively exploit lower performance, lower cost launch vehicles to place them into low initial orbits and then use their own propulsion systems for final orbit insertion.
		Satellite Observations of the Earth's Environment: Accelerating the Transition of Research to Operations (2003)
		While the Delta II may be considered excessive for the launch of individual 500 kg payloads (the upper limit of what this report defines as a small satellite), its capacity for launching multiple small spacecraft on a single launch vehicle merits its inclusion.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309069823/html/37.html (2246 words)

	Space News From SpaceDaily.Com
		University of Arizona astronomers who collaborated in the observations say that neon could show which stars retain their surrounding dust-and-gas disks needed to form planets and which stars might already have formed planets.
		A Proton-M rocket with a Japanese communications satellite on board crashed September 6 shortly after launch from the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan.
		The interaction of man-made particles with airborne ice could also interfere with the way heat is distributed in the earth's atmosphere, with possible consequences for climate change, one of...
	www.spacedaily.com (1265 words)

	Summit endorses role of space: important role Earth observation satellites can play
		José Achache, ESA Director of Earth Observation, addressed the plenary session of the Summit on behalf of these organisations.
		Two important WSSD partnership initiatives concerning Earth observation data were launched during the week: the first by IGOS concerning the use of space and ground measurements for sustainable development; and the second by CEOS to encourage partnership on education and training in Earth observation.
		Both of these measures aim to widen the use of Earth observation data to protect the environment, particularly in developing countries, and to ensure that this data is available to all.
	www.spacehike.com /spacesummit.html (554 words)

	BUBL LINK: Earth observation
		Resource tracing the formation of the earth over 4.5 billion years, explaining how the earth has evolved, how to read rocks, why there are ocean basins, mountains and continents, what causes climate and climate change, and what makes the earth habitable.
		Earth Interactions exploits the capabilities of electronic communications technology to add value to the publication of research results in the interdisciplinary earth sciences.
		Colour satellite images of plankton blooms, chlorophyll concentrations, coral reefs, and hurricanes are available, as well as technical reports and a teacher's section.
	bubl.ac.uk /link/e/earthobservation.htm (962 words)

	Earth Observation Market Development
		Monitoring of land motion can be achieved with Earth-Observation satellite data via the technology that employs a SAR instrument that scans the ground in successive passes and determines the difference in distance between the satellite and stable natural reflectors (i.e.
		Services associated with engineering works focus on the reconnaissance of ground motion areas where creation of structures or infrastructures should be avoided and on monitoring of structures or infrastructures to prevent buckling and shearing of pipelines and railways, structural damages to bridges, dams and roads, or losses in gradient of canals and drains.
		Revisit time of the satellite is another key-issue, since the ERS and Envisat satellites pass over the same spot once every 35 days, which is often not enough particularly in those cases where frequent updates are needed (e.g.
	www.eomd.esa.int /booklets/booklet182.asp (2032 words)

	REMOTE SENSING USING THE UNIVERSITY OF SURREY'S MICROSATELLITES
		In addition to being the first sub-100 kg satellite to demonstrate reliable, predictable and repeatable Earth observation, it was also the first imaging mission independent of governmental control.
		Most current imaging systems use scanning to capture the scene line-by-line as the satellite passes over the Earth's surface, using either the 'whiskbroom' scanning technique (favoured in US designs, with mechanically-active oscillating mirrors) or the 'pushbroom' technique (which uses a linear charge-coupled device, used on European and Japanese satellites).
		Satellite imagery can be used to monitor for excessive snow cover or rainfall in inaccessable regions, providing vital data for forecasting floods.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /CSER/UOSAT/papers/xian_mf/xian95.html (3650 words)

	ESA Portal - Focus On - Eyeing orbits from a new perspective - your PC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Earth Observation Orbits site displays real-time information and animations about the orbital tracks and current locations of ESA’s four Earth imaging satellites that were launched to help us better understand our own planet.
		The "Earth View" offers a unique perspective on the Earth and the orbital tracks of the EO satellites, presented as if you were "standing" thousands of kilometres high in space and looking "down" on the Earth and the satellites below.
		The perspective can be zoomed and rotated to create dazzling views of the Earth and outline clearly the areas of the globe visited by the Earth observation satellites.
	www.esrin.esa.it /export/esaCP/SEM9B72A6BD_FeatureWeek_0.html (657 words)

	J-Track Satellite Tracking
		J-Track lets you choose from a fairly large list of satellites, so we get you started by selecting a few for you.
		These NOAA Satellites are used to follow the weather patterns from high above the Earth.
		Search satellites help save thousands of lives by watching for emergency beacons for airplanes, boats and ground personnel in distress.
	science.nasa.gov /Realtime/JTrack (138 words)

	The WWW Virtual Library: Remote Sensing: Other Information
		The Living Earth®, Inc. produces and manages presentation-quality satellite imagery for commercial and educational markets on a global scale.
		Earth Imaging Journal - A bimonthly publication devoted to exploring the World of Remote Sensing.
		An analysis of satellite data error in relation to the chain of custody that would need to be shown if satellite data was used in courts
	virtual.vtt.fi /space/rsvlib/other.html (3653 words)

	NERC Research Funding - Earth Observation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Earth observation, telecommunications, space transportation (Ariane) and manned spaceflight.
		The main task of ESRIN is still firmly linked to the Agency's Earth Observation programme in particular continuous contacts with the remote-sensing user community, the development of on-line catalogues and directories, help and order desk activities.
		The EEA will carries out its tasks in co-operation with the European Information and Observation Network (EIONET) which consists of national networks, organised by the Agency, to help it retrieve information, identify special issues and produce efficient and timely information on Europe’s environment.
	www.nerc.ac.uk /funding/earthobs/EOeurope.shtml (414 words)

	Remote Sensing (Science Tracer Bullet - Science Reference Services, Library of Congress)
		During the Cold War “spy satellites” were used heavily on both sides, and although much of this imagery has been declassified, remote sensing continues to play a key role in the intelligence process for most technologically advanced countries.
		Kramer, H. Observation of the earth and its environment: survey of missions and sensors.
		Satellite observations of the Earth’s environment: accelerating the transition of research to operations.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/remotesensetb.html (4028 words)

	EOM Industry News
		JPL was able to construct a cloud-free view of this tropical area by piecing together a recently acquired Landsat satellite scene with a scene from the Landsat data archive.
		TechLink is located at Montana State University (Bozeman) and funded by NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense to move technology from federal laboratories to the marketplace, thereby contributing to the success of both technology-based companies and key, resource-based industries in the state and region.
		Over the past several years, NASA scientists at Stennis have used satellite and aircraft remote sensing imagery to create precise 3D maps of the exploration party's trail and campsites, primarily in anticipation of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Commemoration.
	www.eomonline.com /Common/industrynews/industrynews.html (5298 words)

	Visual Satellite Observer's Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		These are Earth-orbiting satellites, visible due to the reflection of the Sun's light off their surfaces toward the observer.
		Hundreds of satellites are visible to the unaided eye; thousands are visible using binoculars and telescopes.
		Flash observers, measure the period of rotation of spinning satellites, leading to a better understanding of the near Earth environment, especially its magnetic field.
	www.satobs.org /satintro.html (388 words)

	AAG Remote Sensing Specialty Group
		ADEOS acquired global earth observation data for about seven months until it suddenly got out of control on June 30, 1997 because of the structural damage in its solar array paddle.
		The SPOT satellites were designed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France, and developed with the participation of Sweden and Belgium.
		Earth Probe TOMS was launched on July 2, 1996 to provide supplemental measurements, but was boosted to a higher orbit to replace the failed ADEOS.
	www.aagrssg.org /systems.html (4982 words)

	Ocean Surface Topography from Space-Education-Education Resources for Oceanography and Earth Sciences
		The Educational Center for Earth Observation Systems is a member of the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium and holds March conferences, GLOBE and other workshops, promotes curriculum development, has summer space programs for middle and high school students, and provides instruction and documents.
		The NASA series of publications entitled Looking at Earth From Space was developed to familiarize educators with global change issues and Mission to Planet Earth, and to enable teachers to enhance classroom studies with hands-on activities using satellite images.
		The Earth System (TESY) is a series of web-based, college-level modules that explain the components of the earth system through the use of large data sets.
	sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov /education/edudoc.html (7952 words)

	EOSOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The list of objects required for the basic award include targets that can be easily tracked using the unaided eye or binoculars, including the space shuttle, the international space station - Alpha, several operational vehicles, and numerous rocket bodies.
		The specifics of the EOSOC observing program are listed on the EOSOC Tutorial page, and are also on the downloadable observation report forms.
		The Earth Orbiting Satellite Observers Club was established to encourage interested observers to learn about the closest space objects in existence, Earth orbiting satellites.
	www.csastro.org /eosoc (368 words)

	Earth Observation Resources Resources
		IMAGE is a MIDEX class mission, selected by NASA in 1996, to study the global response of the Earth's magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind.
		The mission of the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) is to provide timely and accurate data on the Earth's rotation and to maintain the International Celestial Reference Frame and the International Terrestrial Reference Frame.
		The Earth, its relationship to the Sun and Solar System, and the universe in its totality are the domain of the Computational Technologies (CT) Project.
	cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr /astroweb/earth.html (1176 words)

	2nd IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Thus a new class of advanced small satellites, including autonomously operating "intelligent" satellites may be created, opening new fields of application for science, operational, public and commercial services.
		The symposium will provide a forum for Scientists, engineers and managers to exchange information about planned and on-going programs and missions, and present new ideas, covering small satellite mission objectives as well as technology and management aspects for dedicated earth observation satellites.
		To assure your name is placed on the list, please complete and return the attached form.
	www.iaanet.org /c_papers/berlin99.html (568 words)

	NERC Research Funding - Earth Observation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The NERC satellite receiving station at Dundee University down-loads data and maintains an up-to-date archive of images from NOAA, SeaStar, Terra and Aqua polar orbiting satellites.
		Images from geostationary satellites covering the whole Earth are also available.
		The RSDAS mission is to research, develop and operate systems for cost-effective processing and analysis of remote sensing data on behalf of NERC and UK academic communities.
	www.nerc.ac.uk /funding/earthobs/facilities.shtml (552 words)

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