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Topic: List of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages

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Category:Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Indo-European languages include some 443 ( SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. This page was last modified 12:11, 1 Jan 2005. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Indo-European_languages

List of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Eastern Indo-Aryan languages include some 210 ( SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about many people in Asia ; this language family is a part of the Indo-Aryan language family. The following languages have not been sorted into subgroups within the Eastern Inro-Aryan language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Indo-China The early periods of the history of Indo-China are shrouded in a darkness illumined only by such stray gleams of information as can be obtained from a comparative study of its people, languages, civilizations, and customs. Within the space of a little more than four years (1957-62), the list of martyrs included 115 Annamite priests (one-third of the native clergy), 100 Annamite nuns, and more than 500 of the faithful. Eastern Laos (see below) became a French protectorate in 1893. www.newadvent.org /cathen/07765a.htm

List of languages spoken in Nepal Eastern bank of the Arun River, in a strip between Mugakhola and Sinuwakhola; Muga and Pakhribas panchayats, Dhankuta District. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Bodic, Eastern Himalayan, Kiranti, Eastern, Eastern. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Bodic, Eastern Himalayan, Kiranti, Eastern, Southwestern, Chilling. www.infoclub.com.np /nepal/detailsoflanguages.htm

Ethnologue report for India Indo-Aryan languages: 491,087,116, 74.24%, Dravidian languages: 157,836,723, 23.86%, Austro-Asiatic languages 7,705,011, 1.16%, Tibeto-Burman languages 4,071,701,.62% (1987 Mahapatra). Data accuracy estimate: B, C. The number of languages listed for India is 398. Central eastern Bihar, central part of former Santhal Pargana District, Sundar Pahari Block of Godda District, and all but southernmost block of Pakaur District. www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=India

guide.html This reading list is not intended to be representative of the broad sweep of literature on any topic.  It provides an  introduction to the some of the best currently available studies.  For further more general or specialized study the reader may turn to the extensive bibliographies in the books recommended. Language has often been a divisive force in the subcontinent. The controversy surrounding the use of the English language in India will go on and so will the use of this primary language of international business and contemporary world culture. www.saja.org /guide.html

Endangered languages in Europe: indexes Languages belonging to the groups (a) and (b) are listed indifferently in the indexes, while (c) diaspora dialects appear unnumbered and unmarked, except in the index by country if they constitute the sole representative of the language in the country. Please keep in mind that for languages other than Finno-Ugrian I have had to rely on second-hand sources, and in a number of cases even they were difficult to obtain. Languages were originally divided into five categories; a sixth, potentially endangered languages, was added later: www.helsinki.fi /~tasalmin/europe_index.html

Afghan Languages Here, is a list of languages spoken in Afghanistan. Eastern Kativiri is in the upper Bashgal Valley. There are over 50 languages and dialects spoken in Afghanistan. afghan4you.oblcrew.com /afghan_languages.htm

The Aryans in the Near Eastern Sources (4th to 2nd Millennium BC) The oldest texts from Sumer, Akkad, Egypt etc. dating back to the 4th to 2nd millennium have been reconsidered for the argumentation, in which traces of the Aryans in form of tribe names, geographical names, divine names and personal names as well as Aryan loan-words in the old Near Eastern languages are investigated. This work presents the proof that the hypothesis of the late migration of the Aryans in the Iranian Highland (mid to end of 2nd millennium BC) is not agreeable with the Near Eastern sources and therefore is not solid. I1 Lands, places, peoples, tribes, Gods, rulers, epochs, languages, religions, objects etc. www.int-pub-iran.com /ipis07.htm

listclasslang.php This list of 485 items starts with 7 formal sections and a section "General Linguistics". The General section and each language section is subdivided according to the list of Subjects. Basque and the ancient languages of the Iberian peninsula www.ilx.nl /blonline/listclasslang.php

ARYAN ORIGINS It is from the temples and priests of conquered Mesopotamian Hamites (biblical Cush) that Semites got their story of the first man, whom they called "Adam", because Adam was the first king on the list of Aryan kings which were found in these Cushitic (Aryan) temples. This replacement of Aryan languages with Semitic languages has strengthened the arguments of those who claim that the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Canaan, etc. were Semitic, not Hamitic/Aryan. Aryan government was depicted as the defenders of civilization by slaying these wild animals. www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/1064/index9.htm

E-MELD - List of Extinct Languages The following is a list of extinct languages. Clicking on a subgroup will bring up the languages of that subgroup. Clicking on a language name will link you to the Ethnologue entry on this language. emeld.org /features/get-extinct.cfm

'What is the Aryan Migration Theory?' by V Agarwal Subsequent to the discovery in the late 18th century that most languages of Europe, India, Iran and Caucasus had striking similarities, a genetic link between them was actively sought by a host of philologists, Orientalists, Indologists and specialists in several other academic and non-academic disciplines. In the following century, language trees were constructed to show the purported genetic relationships-kinship between various members of this newly constructed 'Indo-European' (or variously called 'Aryan' and 'Indo-German') family of languages. So, the nomadic Aryan invaders were now deemed as destroyers of the great Dravidian culture of the IVC, heralding a dark age of cultural stagnation for several centuries before the rise of the sixteen Mahajanapadas and numerous other Janapadas. www.omilosmeleton.gr /english/agarwal.html

Iran Maps - Weather - History - Politics - Travel - Economy - Geography Almost two-thirds of Iran's people are of Aryan origin and speak one of the Indo-Iranian languages, though only Persian ( Farsi), which is written in the Arabic alphabet, is an official language. Arabic, being the language of the Qur'an, is taught in schools as well. The subsequent rise in oil prices in 1999 - 2000 afforded Iran fiscal breathing room but does not solve Iran's structural economic problems, including the encouragement of foreign investment. iran.asinah.net

Bangladesh Maps - Weather - History - Politics - Travel - Economy - Geography Bengali, a member of the Indo-Aryan languages and written in a script similar to Devanagari, is the official national language, but English is generally spoken in urban areas and used in (higher) education and government. Laying north of the Bay of Bengal, on land it borders India almost exclusively, save for a small section bordering Myanmar in the southeast. There also are a small number of Buddhists, Christians, and animists. bangladesh.asinah.net

KryssTal : Borrowed Words in English For some languages the word list is complete; for others (French, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Spanish) only a selection of borrowed words is given as there are so many. This is a collection of tables listing words from the many languages that have contributed words to English. The English language has an enormous amount of words that have been borrowed (or loaned) from other languages. www.krysstal.com /borrow.html

Ethnologue report for Pakistan Data accuracy estimate: B. The number of languages listed for Pakistan is 69. Including second language users of all Balochi languages: 5,000,000 (1999 WA). Eastern Kativiri is in the Chitral District; in Gobar in the Lutkuh Valley, Kunisht in the Rumbur Valley, Shekhanan Deh in the Bumboret Valley, and in the Urtsun Valley. www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Pakistan

Richard Strand's Nuristân Site:Languages of the Hindu-Kush Within each phylogenetic branch languages (as opposed to dialects) are numbered for referential clarity. A question mark (?) indicates that the classification of the preceding item is not thoroughly established. [ Kurdish, Baloci, and other languages to the west] users.sedona.net /~strand/lngIndex.html

List of 75 Languages of Iran ARMENIAN \NAL HAIEREN, SOMEKHURI, ERMENICE, ARMJANSKI \D EASTERN ARMENIAN, AGULIS, ASTRAKHAN, EREVAN, JOLFA (DZHULFA), KARABAGH SHAMAKHI, TBILISI (TIFLIS), ARTVIN, KHOI-SALMST (KHVOY), URMIA-MARAGHEH \G Indo-European, Armenian \HUB Armenia \REG Northern Iran, Azerbaijan around Khoi, Shahpur, Ahar, Tabriz, Tehran, Esfahan, Shiraz \POP 170,800 in Iran (1993) \BB 1883-1994 \NT 1834-1976 \PR 1831-1991 \INR Dialects listed are Eastern. Below is a list of 75 language groups as reported in the book 1998 Ethnologue. Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia and its Turkish and Iranian borderlands; Western Armenian is spoken elsewhere. www.everytongue.com /iran/all-languages.htm

Hindi Aryan Indo Iranian Indo European Indo Natural Languages Linguistics Social Sciences Science Hindi Aryan Indo Iranian Indo European Indo Natural Languages Linguistics Social Sciences Science Eastern Book Company - Catalog of books on Indian law in Hindi. Language Exercise in Hindi - This page contains links to several Hindi exercises developed by Gabriela Nik. www.iaswww.com /ODP/Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan/Hindi

Letters to the Editor Actually Salim, Professor Wheeler Thackston of Harvard pushes your analogy (of Latin and Italian) a bit further and argues that "the languages the 'Arabs' grow up speaking at home, are as different from each other and from Arabic itself, as Latin is different from English." A seemingly preposterous claim, but oh so true. Run of the mill Semitists and Arabists who know nothing about Phoenician and other pre-Arabic languages, notice lexical similarities between "Arabic" and other semitic languages, so they oversimplify and call everything Arabic (but with different accents. A Frenchman from the Southwest, a Spaniard from the Northeast, and an Italian from the Northwest who are attuned to each other's languages can theoretically understand each other. www.phoenicia.org /letters.html

sanskrit2 Even though Hungarian belongs to the Uralic languages, Hungarian shares more than the Indo-European languages with ancient Iranic tongues of which (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit is but one derivative. Some of the shared words however are not really Iranian in origin as claimed today but are loan words into Iranian from the ancient languages of Iran like Elamite and early Dravidian which again share many words with early Uralic languages especially with Hungarian. These are from the oldest strata of the language indicating that it was learned while the Iranians' ancestors had not yet left eastern Europe for Asia. member.melbpc.org.au /~tmajlath/sanskrit2.html

Mark Israel's AUE FAQ, September 1997 English-speakers should be careful not to render this construction literally into other languages: Partridge recounts the story of an Englishman who in a French restaurant said _Je suis fini_ to the waiter, who looked at the "finished" customer with some concern. Keep in mind that the regulars on alt.usage.english are probably less willing than the general population to suffer sloppy writers gladly; and that each article is written by one person, but read perhaps by thousands, so the convenience of the readers really ought to have priority over the convenience of the writer. Two newsgroups that don't deal with the English language but that people often need directing to are: humanities.classics for questions about Latin and ancient Greek; and comp.fonts, for questions about typography. www.english-usage.com /faq.html

yourDictionary.com • Specialty Dictionaries: Cooking Dictionaries, Slang Dictionaries, Golf Dictionaries, Finance Dictionaries Technical vocabulary is used only by specialists and so is not generally known by non-specialists. Here you will find dictionaries and glossaries of specialized words in the English language. Multilingual Glossary for Art Librarians: English with indexes in Dutch, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish; also, English entry words and definitions, plus equivalent terms in all aforementioned languages (Be patient - 188-page pdf file that loads slowly www.yourdictionary.com /diction4a.html

Hindi Language and Literature Urdu, the official language of Pakistan, spoken by about 41 million in Pakistan and other countries, is essentially the same language. Hindi is a direct descendant of Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha. A 1997 survey found that 66% of all Indians can speak Hindi, and 77% of the Indians regard Hindi as "one language across the nation". www.cs.colostate.edu /~malaiya/hindiint.html

Ethnologue: Bibliography of Ethnologue Data Sources Language Development Centre, Abuja; Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, Ilorin; Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas. Language use and proficiency in a multilingual setting: A sociolinguistic survey of Agutaynen speakers in Palawan, Philippines. Kaye, Alan S. Review of Bjorn H. Jernudd and Muhammad H. Ibrahim, Aspects of Arabic sociolinguistics International Journal of the Sociolinguistics of Language 1986. www.ethnologue.com /ethno_docs/bibliography.asp

NEW BOOKS The second volume continues the chronological treatment of the languages until the present, and concludes with several chapters on special topics in Nordic language history (including typology, social stratification, special languages, language contacts, and language planning). Brian Joseph and Richard Janda have written an extensive introduction, entitled "On Language, Change, and Language Change – Or, Of History, Linguistics, and Historical Linguistics." Twenty-five articles, written by specialists, are included. Books available for review (as of May 2003) in the journal Language are marked with an asterisk (*). www.indo-european.org /page1d.html

Indo Indian Epigraphy, A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages by Richard Salomon (H. Scharfe) All issues are hardcopy and include news, book reviews, listings of new books and journals, upcoming conferences and summer schools, new electronic resources for IE, IE books available for review in Language as well as articles. For a detailed list of the contents from other issues and how they may be obtained, click this line. www.indo-european.org /page3.html

Chariots and spoked wheels in proto-historic India - digest of discussion from Indology List Chariots and spoked wheels in proto-historic India - digest of discussion from Indology List www.svabhinava.org /AITvsOIT/ChariotWheel-IndologyList-frame.htm

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