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Topic: List of Emperors of the Qing Dynasty

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Qing dynasty emperors

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List of Emperors of the Ming Dynasty

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	Qing Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Qing Dynasty was founded not by the Han Chinese people who form the overwhelming majority of the population of China proper, but by the Manchus, a semi-nomadic people not even known by that name when they first rose to prominence in what is now northeastern China.
		Taking advantage of the political instability and popular rebellions convulsing the Ming Dynasty, the highly organized military forces of the Manchus swept into the Ming capital of Beijing in 1644, and there remained until the Qing dynasty was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, with the last emperor abdicating early in 1912.
		During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a large circular emblem on the back, whereas a Han could only hope to wear clothing with a square emblem; this meant effectively that any guard in the court could immediately distinguish family members from the back view alone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qing_Dynasty (6676 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nguyen dynasty
		Emperors Minh Mạng, Thiệu Trị, Tự Đức and Hiệp Hoà, all, were opposed to any French involvement in the country and tried to reduce the growing Catholic community in Vietnam at that time.
		Emperor Tu Duc was the 4th Emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam and reigned from 1847-1883.
		Emperor Dong Khanh (同慶帝) was the 9th Emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam, reigned between 1885 and 1889.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nguyen-dynasty (3127 words)

	Encyclopedia: Qing Dynasty
		The Qianlong Emperor (September 25, 1711–February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China.
		The Qing was the last imperial dynasty of China, its emperors occupying their capital, Beijing, from 1644 until 1912, when, in the aftermath of the 1911 revolution, a new Republic of China was established and the the last emperor abdicated.
		Taking advantage of the political instability and popular rebellions convulsing the Ming dynasty, the highly organized military forces of the Manchus swept into the Ming capital of Beijing in 1644, and there remained until the Qing dynasty was overthrown in a revolution in 1911, with the last emperor abdicating early in 1912.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Qing-Dynasty (3399 words)

	biology - Qing Dynasty
		The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ch'ing ch'ao), sometimes known as the founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the Empire of the Great Qing (Chinese: 大清帝國, pinyin: dàqīng dìguó).
		In the aftermath of the 1911 revolution, a new Republic of China was established and the last emperor abdicated.
		The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor, the mother of child emperor Tongzhi, and Aunt of Guangxu successfully controlled the Qing government and was the de facto leader of China for close to 40 years.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Qing (4862 words)

	AnywhereChina.com - History Page - Song Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Because of the barbarian occupation of northern China the second half of the Song rule was confined to the area south of the Huai River.
		When the emperor and Wang died within a year of each other, the new laws were withdrawn.
		They took the emperor and his son prisoner, along with 3,000 others, and ordered them to be held in Manchuria.
	www.anywherechina.com /history/dynasties/song/song.htm (1158 words)

	Qing Dynasty - China History - China
		Taking advantage of the political instability and popular rebellions convulsing the Ming dynasty, the highly organized military forces of the Manchus swept into the Ming capital of Beijing in 1644, and there remained until the Qing dynasty was overthrown in a Xinhai Revolutionrevolution in 1911, with the last emperor abdicating early in 1912.
		The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor, the mother of child emperor Tongzhi Emperor of ChinaTongzhi, and Aunt of Guangxu Emperor of ChinaGuangxu successfully controlled the Qing government and was the de facto leader of China for close to 40 years.
		During the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus enforced this custom onto the Han ChineseHan population, and any male who was seen without pigtail outdoors was to be beheaded.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Qing_Dynasty (4919 words)

	Chinese Dynasties
		Often times, the transition would not be a clean one; an emperor of one Dynasty might retreat to a different part of China and continue on for some years; or, a new Dynasty might begin in a remote part of China and then take over the capitol.
		To help further elucidate the nature of a Dynasty, details of the Qing Dynasty, China's last, are presented in a separate table, showing each of the Emperors, and depicting some events that took place during their reign that influenced the future development of China.
		At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Shan ruled in exile from 224-263 A.D. *** The Ten Kingdoms were the Wu, Nan Tang (Southern Tang), Wu Yue, Chu, Min, Nan Han (Southern Han), Qian Shu (Former Shu), Hou Shu (Later Shu), Jing Nan (Southern Jing), and Bei Han (Northern Han).
	www.itmonline.org /arts/dynasties.htm (1544 words)

	AnywhereChina.com - History Page - Qing Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The Ming Dynasty came to an end in 1644 and was replaced by the Manchurians from the north.
		The Manchu emperors also supported Chinese literary and historical projects of enormous scope; the survival of much of China's ancient literature is attributed to these projects.
		In addition, Qing emperors received tribute from the various border states.The chief threat to China's integrity did not come overland, as it had so often in the past, but by sea, reaching the southern coastal area first.
	www.anywherechina.com /history/dynasties/qing/qing.htm (475 words)

	Shiva Holidays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		It was built in 1742 during the Qing Dynasty by Shen Benren, a descendant of Shen Wansan who was a wealthy man in southern China during the late Yuan (1206-1386 AD) to early Ming Dynasty.
		Since the mid-Ming Dynasty, the temple has taken shape and in the Qing Dynasty it was expanded to three big courtyards, covering 1,500 square meters and serves as one of the four notable Taoist Temples in Wuzhong Region.
		It used to be the venue where emperors of the past dynasties held celebrations to worship heaven and earth and bestowed sacrifices to the God of the mountain.
	www.shivaholidays.com /destina/china/places.htm (7495 words)

	Kangxi's Valedictory Edict
		If the dynasty's emperors fail to propitiate Heaven and neglect to lead upright lives, or if natural disasters portend Heaven's displeasure and create suffering among the people, then the Mandate may be considered to have been withdrawn.
		Kangxi portrays himself as the keeper of a dual heritage: in particular, he is a Manchu emperor; in general, he is an emperor of the vast, diverse and ancient Chinese nation.
		His dynasty is righteous and possesses the Mandate of Heaven, he himself has been an upright, diligent and careful ruler and has enjoyed the protection of Heaven, and he remains determined to identify a capable heir to succeed him.
	people.ucsc.edu /~myrtreia/essays/Kangxi.html (936 words)

	List of Qing Dynasty Emperors (1644 - 1912)
		However, the last remnants of the Ming dynasty in the south weren't defeated until 1662.
		Hence, the emperors from Nurhachi to Kangxi are all considered "founders" of the Qing dynasty.
		In the last years of the dynasty, ultra-conservative Qing leaders promoted policies that led to several revolts, the last of which began on October 10, 1911, the date now celebrated in Taiwan as National Day, toppled the Qing and established a republic.
	stehou.tripod.com /china/qing.html (233 words)

	CHRONOLOGY - QING DYNASTY 1644-1912
		The success of the Qing dynasty in maintaining the old order proved a liability when the empire was confronted with growing challenges from seafaring Western powers.
		Western diplomatic practices were adopted by the Qing, and students were sent abroad by the government and on individual or community initiative in the hope that national regeneration could be achieved through the application of Western practical methods.
		After the Qing defeat of the Boxer Rebellion, the dynasty was too weak to survive without reform.
	www.gotheborg.com /chronology/qing.shtml (3444 words)

	Tang Dynasty
		One of the greatest emperors in Chinese history, his era is called "Flourishing Age".
		The Tang dynasty was the golden age of literature and art.
		During the war, An Lushan used to occupy the capital Changai, the emperor Xuan Zong(Li Longji) was forced to escape to sichuang.
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Union/7050/tang.html (972 words)

	The Costume Research Journal: A Quarterly Devoted to Costume and Dress
		With the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911 and the Communist Revolution of 1949, two major blows were struck to the creation and wearing of traditional textiles.
		A Qing dynasty emperor’s robe, or ch’ao-fu made of yellow silk with embroidered images of dragons, clouds and waves.
		The emperors of the Qing dynasty were particular fans of the Beijing opera, to the extent that they had their own theatre built inside the palace in 1776, calling it Chang Yin Ge or the Belvedere of Flowing Music.
	www.costumes.org /computer/crj/2002spring/beijing1.htm (2257 words)

	Newsletter 16.2 Summer 2001 (Conservation at the Getty)
		The Qing tombs—which occupy an entire valley—are where later emperors of the dynasty were buried in elaborate mausoleums.
		Facing the park across the valley are eight temple complexes built between 1730 and 1780, spanning the reign of one of the great emperors of the dynasty, Qianlong.
		Following its abandonment in the late Qing period and decades of turmoil in this region throughout the first half of the 20th century, the site is now in need of a policy and plan that will guide its future use and conservation, particularly as tourism burgeons in China.
	www.getty.edu /conservation/publications/newsletters/16_2/news_in_cons1.html (1658 words)

	P.M.A.: Galleries & Exhibitions - The Chinese Emperors' Collection: Qing Dynasty
		The collection included: Qing Dynasty court garments, silk embroidery, jade wares, lacquered utensils and art and craft items.
		Artisans of the Qing Dynasty created some of the finest examples of these arts.
		This masterpiece of the Qing Dynasty is registered in The Lost List of Paintings and Books From the Imperial Palace.
	www.royalalbertamuseum.ca /gallery/retro/qing.htm (282 words)

	P.M.A.: Galleries & Exhibitions - The Chinese Emperors' Collection: Qing Dynasty
		Governor Song Fatang, of Heilongjiang Province, arranged the loan of the collection to the Museum in celebration of the 20th anniversary of twinning the province of Alberta and Heilongjiang province in the Peoples Republic of China.
		The artifacts and personal items are from the collection of the Emperors of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial family, and the imperial court.
		Women of the imperial court often wore this style of shoe, with its "horse's hoofed shaped" sole during the Qing dynasty.
	www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca /gallery/retro/qing.htm (282 words)

	Forbidden City: Beijing: China Travel Information
		The southern section, or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation.
		Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court, fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here.
		Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987, the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /cityguides/beijing/forbidden.htm (659 words)

	China Qing Dynasty \| Later Jin Dynasty \| Questia.com Online Library
		...reforming China, one could...destruction of the Qing dynasty, but those...of the Qing dynasty took place...people of the Qing praised the...Opium Wars, China was in a...
		In late Qing China, for example...between the "dynasty" and the...
		Up until the Qing dynasty the right to negotiate a marriage zhuhun...marital family to a daughter-in-law.
	www.questia.com /popularSearches/china_qing_dynasty.jsp (780 words)

	China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang
		Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
		Constructed for the founding emperors of the Qing Dynasty and their ancestors, the tombs follow the precepts of traditional Chinese geomancy and fengshui theory.
	www.twobeds.com /nasa/herrminator/html/China.html (3335 words)

	Indian, Chinese, & Japanese Emperors
		The convention also makes it possible that Emperors who do not survive beyond their initial calendar year may not even be counted, which is the case, creating some confusion, with a couple of the Mongols.
		The last Emperor in a Dynasty (or before another kind of hiatus) gets a memorial rather than a temple name, since, at the end, he is not an ancestor.
		Chinese historians regarded the Southern Dynasties as the legitimate succession of the Chinese Throne, which is why the period is reckoned to extend down to 589, and the Sui begun in 590, even though Yang Chien came to a unified Northern Throne in 581.
	www.friesian.com /sangoku.htm (12062 words)

	Huang Yuanyong - Chinese Literature - Chinese Art
		Huang Yuanyong (黃遠庸), (Pen name: Huang Yuansheng 黃遠生) (1885 - 1915) was a renowned List of Chinese authorsChinese author and journalist during the late Qing Dynasty (清朝) and early History of the Republic of ChinaRepublic of China (民國初年).
		Following the collapse of the List of Emperors of the Qing DynastyQing emperor, Huang ceased his work as an officer in the new government of the Republic of China.
		As the educated ones, the group's opinions towards the society would be released to the public so that the dark side of the nation could be disclosed, enhancing the public's awareness of social issues.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Huang_Yuanyong (1963 words)

	Classified Qing Dynasty letter uncovered in Liaoning
		The historical letter would provide valuable clues for further study into the secretarial and courier services of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the history of the northeastern provinces, said Zhao Yunpeng, deputy head of the provincial archive and professor of history with Liaoning University.
		Zhao and his colleagues are applying to the State Archives Administration to include the letter in its list of ancient Chinese archives next year.
		According to Zhao, Qing Dynasty emperors used to dictate letters to the ministers to give orders or exchange ideas on strategic issues.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /200312/18/eng20031218_130683.shtml (454 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Qing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Qing; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Qing (6806 words)

	The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911): Painting \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		and established their own Qing (or Pure) dynasty, which lasted nearly 300 years.
		During the first half of this period, the Manchus extended their rule over a vast empire that grew to encompass new territories in Central Asia, Tibet, and Siberia.
		1736–95) emperors display a period when the Manchus embraced Chinese cultural traditions and the court became a leading patron in the arts as China enjoyed an extended period of political stability and economic prosperity.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/qing_1/hd_qing_1.htm (319 words)

	Archaeology Field Schools
		In view of its special significance, Zhoukoudian was placed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1987.
		A garden and palace for emperors of the Qing dynasty (1664-1911).
		Tombs of emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
	www.gwu.edu /~anth/fieldschool.html (1676 words)

	CHINESE HISTORY:TO THE QING DYNASTY
		History by Period: Xia Dynasty 21 - 16 century BC List of Xia Emperors
		History by Period: Zhou Dynasty 1111 BC - 249 BC Western Zhou 1066 - 771 BC
		History by Period: Qin Dynasty (255-) 221 - 207 BC List of Qin Emperors
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/china/links/toquing.html (224 words)

	China History (to Qing Dynasty): China: East Asian Library
		China History (to Qing Dynasty): China: East Asian Library
		Tang Dynasty : Chronology of emperors and list of famous events
		The Society for Sung, Yuan, and Conquest Dynasties Studies
	www.usc.edu /isd/archives/arc/libraries/eastasian/china/toqing.html (531 words)

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