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Topic: List of English words of Old Norse origin

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	Norse
		In Norse mythology, Fulla was attendant to Frigg.
		In Norse mythology, Gullveig was the thrice-born and thrice-burnt virgin.
		In Norse mythology, Sleipnir was the swift horse ridden by Odin.
	www.angelfire.com /me4/brimstoneonline00/norse1.htm (14335 words)

	Rob's Old Norse Page
		Old Norse is the language spoken and written by the inhabitants of Scandinavia around 1000 A.D. and earlier.
		Old English was primarily a spoken language although it did have a written component; runic inscriptions, or runes.
		You should study Old Norse because it is your best source of information in understanding how early Germanic people thought, what their world was like, and what was important to them, and it is your best source for understanding the early history of all Germanic languages, including German, English, and the Scandinavian languages.
	odin.bio.miami.edu /norse (3003 words)

	English
		English is descended from the language spoken in the English Isles by the Germanic tribes, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, who came to the British Isles around 450 AD and drove the original Celtic-speaking inhabitants to areas that are
		English is now the most widely studied second language in the world because a working knowledge of English is required in many fields and occupations as well as for international communication.
		English spread from Britain in the 17th and 18th centuries to North America, the Caribbean, and northern Ireland; and in the 18th and 19th centuries to South Asia and Africa.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/English.html (1303 words)

	Old English
		Words of religion are entering English from Latin, Greek and Hebrew, examples being disciple, shrine, priest, bishop, candle, church, school, priest, nun and monk from Latin; apostle, pope and psalter from Greek; Sabbath from Hebrew.
		Words rooted in the Oriental origins of the Christian faith such as camel, lion, cedar, myrrh, as well as words like orange, pepper and ginger enter English from Sanskrit and the languages of India and the Middle East.
		By the end of the Old English period, most of these complex structures and word endings had been eliminated, a result of language adaptation and pidginization based on the social and communicative needs of the new English society.
	www.bobschwab.com /old_english.htm (2623 words)

	KryssTal : The English Language
		Because the English underclass cooked for the Norman upper class, the words for most domestic animals are English (ox, cow, calf, sheep, swine, deer) while the words for the meats derived from them are French (beef, veal, mutton, pork, bacon, venison).
		Examples include ac (as in Acton, Oakwood) which is Anglo-Saxon for oak; by (as in Whitby) is Old Norse for farm or village; pwll (as in Liverpool) is Welsh for anchorage; baile (as in Balmoral) is Gaelic for farm or village; ceaster (as in Lancaster) is Latin for fort.
		English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages, which is a large collection of languages with a common ancestor.
	www.krysstal.com /english.html (1230 words)

	Yorkshire dialect words of Old Norse origin
		The word beck is a case in point: did it arrive from the Old Norse bekkr or the Old English cognate bæce, both of which undoubtedly had the same Germanic origin, with the cognate bach being found in German, and beek in Dutch, for instance.
		In a sense, all language is 'dialect' and Standard English is simply a particular regional dialect that acquired prestige because of its use in the region where the royal court, the earliest universities and the centre of power and administration lay.
		Old Norse influenced all varieties of English (though its effects on the regional dialects of 'Scandinavian' England were obviously deeper and more extensive.
	www.viking.no /s/england/n-yorkshire_words.htm (744 words)

	Orkneyjar - Notes on Weather Words in the Orkney Dialect
		Between all those words it is hard to discriminate exactly, but they all imply two ideas in common, namely that of a wind which is pretty strong but does not reach the force of a gale, and, secondly, which lasts for a relatively short time though considerably longer than a mere gust.
		The old idea was that when this happened you were bewitched by a being called "Tangi" - an evil spirit who wished to lure you astray or to your doom.
		May be an assimilation in sound to the English rash, of Old Norse rasa, to rage, be very violent (of a storm); or it may be merely an alliterative assimilation of the Scots.
	www.orkneyjar.com /orkney/dialect/weather.htm (2954 words)

	List of English words of Old Norse origin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Words of Old Norse origin that have entered the English language, primarily from the colonisation of eastern and northern England between 800-1000 AD.
		Old Norse (abbreviated in dictionaries as O.N.) existed in its spoken and written form from c.100 AD, until its spread from the Nordic region to colonies as far west as Greenland and far east as Russia and the Baltic region (spoken by Swedish settlers).
		may be in part from Old Norse Hel, the daughter of Loki and ruler of the underworld in Norse mythology
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin (565 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.1578: Green, Lg & History in Early Germanic World
		Non-English words are usually glossed, but the author assumes a broad familiarity with the languages under discussion, as well as the traditional dialectal division into East Germanic (Gothic), North Germanic (Old Norse- Icelandic) and West Germanic (Old High German, Old Saxon and Old English).
		Throughout, the Latin words Germania and Germani are used of the Germanic linguistic area and the speakers of Germanic languages to avoid confusion with modern Germany and Germans.
		Old English terms could gain acceptance in Old Saxon and Franconian, but much less easily in Upper (South) German, while many Christian terms originally at home in the south only later spread northwards, largely defeating their northern rivals.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/12/12-1578.html (2521 words)

	Old English Lexicon (appendix to the Old English Grammar): an article by Cyril Babaev
		Old English Lexicon (appendix to the OE Grammar).
		Old English was a language of migrants - Saxons, Angles and Jutes first lived in northern Germany, contacting with certain surrounding, and later moved to the British Isles where they established links with completely different people.
		The word itself is rather widespread in Indo-European languages (see Word-A-Week issue for reg'-), the phonological analysis shows it is still a borrowing: the Proto-IE root reg'- would have given the Germanic e' (Gothic e', Old* English e', ae', Old High German a'), but it gave i which is itsself typical for Celtic.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article19.html (1993 words)

	Informat.io on Lists Of English Words Of International Origin
		These are lists of words in the English language which are known as "loanwords" or "borrowings," which are derived from other languages:
		List of English words of Scottish Gaelic origin
		List of English words of Old Norse origin (often coming from Vikings from Denmark or Norway, but at the time there was little distinction between the Old Norse dialects spoken in the three Scandinavian countries.)
	www.informat.io /?title=lists-of-english-words-of-international-origin (184 words)

	"Of Saxons, Angles, and Jutes"
		Once we move into a discussion of Old English, we are moving away from the more speculative (but systematic) endeavors of language reconstruction (Indo-European) into an area for which we do have more solid footing--in the form of written documents.
		The occurrence of a word of Latin origin in several Germanic dialects probably indicates that it was borrowed during the continental period.
		We can say then that the word for "cheese" had been borrowed during the Continental period, was still in use during the prehistoric OE period, and has been in continuous use from the time it was borrowed to the present day.
	ebbs.english.vt.edu /hel/helmod/oe.html (2212 words)

	Reflection's Edge
		English has borrowed so many words, primarily from Norse, French, Latin, and Greek, that a large majority of its lexicon is now foreign in origin, though the most common English words are nearly all native.
		While English tends to simply adopt new words as they are, however odd they sound, that's not the only way to borrow new vocabulary - complex words may be borrowed through the process of calquing, or loan-translation, in which the parts of the word are translated separately and then reassembled.
		Consider Old English and Old Norse, which were mostly mutually comprehensible - there is no mention of translators in the exchange of threats and boasts in "The Battle of Maldon" - but differed in their inflectional endings.
	www.reflectionsedge.com /archives/jun2005/eftt2_eb.html (3476 words)

	English words of Norse origin
		It should be noted, however, that as English and Old Norse arose from the same ancestral Germanic language, many words in both Old Norse and English arose from the same ancestral Germanic word.
		For example, the word father comes from the Old English fæther, and is the same word as the Old Norse faðer.
		Words were double-checked in my desktop dictionary and were not included if that dictionary did not also consider them derivative of Old Norse.
	odin.bio.miami.edu /norse/words.html (727 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Library: Origin of Words II
		English has not borrowed as extensively from Greek as it has from Latin; however, there are still thousands of words borrowed from Greek or based on Greek roots.
		The important point is that the meanings of these words are what they are because of the original meanings of the Greek roots in them.
		Not all words borrowed from Norwegian supplanted native English words.
	www.yourdictionary.com /library/ling008_a.html (1227 words)

	KryssTal : The Origin of Words and Names
		Words ending in J are not common in English so the spelling quickly changed to a NARANGE.
		Words are changing meaning now: consider how the words bad and gay have changed in recent years.
		English and British surnames (family names) have four main sources: the person's occupation, the place of origin, a nickname and relations.
	www.krysstal.com /wordname.html (980 words)

	E-Intro to Old English - 14. Poetic Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Old English poetry employs a number of words that are rarely or never found in prose, and its syntax differs from that of prose in several respects.
		One of the better Old English poems is a paraphrase of that part of Exodus which narrates the escape of the Hebrews from Egypt.
		Naive readers of Old English poetry sometimes worry that, if poets were required by the tradition in which they worked to use formulaic diction, motifs and narrative elements, they must have had difficulty saying anything new.
	www.wmich.edu /medieval/research/rawl/IOE/postyle.html (2831 words)

	GR Burgess's Old Norse Page
		It does have an extensive literature, much was written in Old Norse, in Iceland in the 1200's or there about.
		These letters are also found in Old Norse and modern Icelandic.
		And the Old Norse sagas are readable by an Icelandic speaker.
	rhino.cox.miami.edu /norse (2988 words)

	Resources for the Study of Beowulf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Beowulf is both the first English literary masterpiece and one of the earliest European epics written in the vernacular, or native language, instead of literary Latin.
		Until quite recently, most scholars thought that this surprisingly complex and poignant poem was written in the 8th century or earlier, but Kevin Kiernan stirred up controversy in 1981 by asserting that the work was composed in the 11th century, and that the manuscript itself may have even been the author's working copy.
		The Old Norse Volsunga Saga, or Story of the Volsungs, also has a brave hero, Sigurd, who skewers a venom-snorting dragon and gains his cursed gold-hoard.
	www.library.unr.edu /subjects/guides/beowulf.html (2450 words)

	Learning Lab Tips on Critical Analysis -- Poetry
		For example, the literal, denotative meaning of the word apple is something like this: It is the fruit of the apple tree, anywhere from gold to dark red in color, and it has seeds and a sweet taste.
		One should look at individual words and at phrases in the poem and brainstorm; that is, one should think about the literal meanings, but then try to think of every possible idea that the word or phrase could imply.
		Synechdoche is a way of naming a thing: the word for a part of a thing is substituted for the whole.
	learning.mgccc.cc.ms.us /writing/poetry/poetry.html (3513 words)

	norse - Ask.com Web Search
		Introduction to the main characters and tales of Norse mythology with bibliography by Nicole Cherry.
		The main sources for Norse mythology, Indo-European in origin, are the...
		Originally written in Old Norse, 1225 A.D., by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson.
	search.ask.com /web?q=norse (189 words)

	VSNR Titles
		The long process of composition of words and music for the Ring cycle is related to details of Wagner's life, and mention is made of the reception of Wagner's works in modern Iceland, when his debt to Icelandic literature was finally repaid.
		Whatever may have been their origin, the folk-stories of Iceland come to mirror the people's life and character, and in the period when the idea gained ground that all power comes from the people, their poetry and lore became sacred things that were revered and looked to as a potential source of strength.
		The aim is to present examples of all the main genres of Old Norse literature, in extracts of varying difficulty, for readers at undergraduate level and beyond.
	www.asu.edu /clas/acmrs/publications/mrts/vsnr.html (2527 words)

	Medieval Naming Guides: Scandinavian
		These appear to be correct, but keep in mind that they are really the meanings of the etymological roots of name elements, based on words that often had dropped out of the language centuries before.
		Contains lists of masculine and feminine names recorded in late 16th century Sweden, plus information on the construction of feminine names in this period.
		Two lists of Finnish family names, the dates when they were recorded, and the villages in which they were used.
	www.s-gabriel.org /names/scandinavian.shtml (951 words)

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