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Topic: List of German Kings and Emperors

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	The Complete List of Holy Roman Emperors .
		Frederick II, 1194—1250, Holy Roman emperor (1220—50) and German king (1212—20), king of Sicily (1197—1250), and king of Jerusalem (1229—50), son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and of Constance, heiress of Sicily.
		Charles V, 1500—1558, Holy Roman emperor (1519—58) and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516—56); son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile, grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragón, Isabella of Castile, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Mary of Burgundy.
		The election (Sept., 1745) of Francis to succeed Charles VII as emperor was recognized by Frederick in the Treaty of Dresden (Dec., 1745) with Maria Theresa.
	imperialcollegeofprincesandcounts.com /_wsn/page13.html (12200 words)

	ipedia.com: List of German Kings and Emperors Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The relationship between the title of "king" and "emperor" in the area that is today called Germany is just as irritating and complicated as the history and the structure of the Holy Roman Empire itself.
		The king was formally elected by the leading nobilty in the realm, continuing the Frankish tradition.
		Henry VII of Luxemburg, king 1308, emperor 1312-1313
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_german_kings_and_emperors.html (543 words)

	Cyndi's List - Royalty & Nobility
		The study of of king lists, sequences of governance in the history of a state, and the organizing of such data.
		Ancestors of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault
		Listing of noble and aristocratic families in and from the Kingdom of Sweden.
	www.cyndislist.com /royalty.htm (2550 words)

	Bambooweb: Holy Roman Empire
		The pope's crowning of Charlemagne as emperor in 800 formed the example that later kings would follow: it was the result of Charlemagne having defended the pope against the rebellious inhabitants of Rome, which initiated the notion of the Reich being the protector of the church.
		German kings had been elected since time immemorial; in the 9th century by the leaders of the five most important tribes (the Franks, Saxons, Bavarians, Swabians and Thuringians), later by the main lay and clerical dukes of the kingdom, finally only by the so-called Kurfürsten (electing dukes).
		The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed collegiate of electors, the Kurfürsten, whose composition and procedures were fixed in the Golden Bull of 1356.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/H/o/Holy_Roman_Empire.html (4355 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Roman of the Emperor's title was a reflection of the translatio imperii (transfer of rule) principle that regarded the (Germanic) Holy Roman Emperors as the inheritors of the title of Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, a title left unclaimed in the West after the death of Julius Nepos in 480.
		The title of Emperor was held by several Carolingian Frankish monarchs until the ascencion of Otto I of the Eastern realm, in 962.
		The title of Emperor (Kaiser, Imperator) carried with it an important role as protector of the Catholic Church, and emperors were ordained as subdeacons of the Catholic Church (thus women were ineligible to be crowned).
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Holy_Roman_Emperor (895 words)

	Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806.
		The title of "emperor" was considered to have passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when, in AD 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor in exchange for the protection of the church.
		Until 1508, the King of the Romans, who was elected by a group of princes later known as electors, became emperor when he was crowned by the pope in Rome, after which he remained king (a title with functions in feudal law).
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Holy_Roman_Emperor (553 words)

	List of German monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The relationship between the title of "king" and "emperor" in the area that is today called Germany is just as complicated as the history and the structure of the Holy Roman Empire itself.
		Albert I (House of Habsburg), anti-king 1298, king 1298-1308
		Wenceslaus of Bohemia (House of Luxemburg), king 1378-1400
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_German_Kings_and_Emperors (736 words)

	List of Frankish Kings (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A timeline of Frankish rulers is difficult since the realm was, according to old Germanic practice, frequently divided among the sons of a leader upon his death and then eventually reunited.
		The following table lists only the members of the Carolingian dynasty in the three subdivisions, which are the kernels of later France and the Holy Roman Empire, each with different ruling dynasties.
		The history of France as recounted in the "Grandes Chroniques de France," and particularly in the personal copy produced for King Charles V between 1370 and 1380 that is the saga of the three great dynasties, the Merovingians, Carolingians, and the Capetian Rulers of France, that shaped the institutions and the frontiers of the realm.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_frankish_kings.html (526 words)

	Holy Roman Empire - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The pope's crowning of Charlemagne as emperor in 800 formed the example that later kings would follow: it was the result of Charlemagne having defended the pope against the rebellious inhabitants of Rome, which initiated the notion of the Reich being the protector of the church.
		German kings had been elected since time immemorial; in the 9th century by the leaders of the five most important tribes (the Franks, Saxons, Bavarians, Swabians and Thuringians), later by the main lay and clerical dukes of the kingdom, finally only by the so-called Kurfürsten (electing dukes).
		The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed collegiate of electors, the Kurfürsten, whose composition and procedures were fixed in the Golden Bull of 1356.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Holy_Roman_Empire (4407 words)

	Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Until 1508, the king of the Germans, who was elected by a group of princes later known as electors, became emperor when he was crowned by the pope in Rome, after which he remained king (a title with functions in feudal law).
		The exact relationship between the two functions was never entirely clear and lead to much conflict between the German dukes and the pope, for example in the Investiture Controversy in the 11th century.
		The exclusivity of the title in Europe was lost when Napoleon called himself Emperor too; after the formation of the 1871 German Empire, the Prussian king had himself crowned Emperor again, in competition with the one in Austria.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/h/ho/holy_roman_emperor.html (495 words)

	List, The National System of Political Economy, Book I, Chapter 7: Library of Economics and Liberty
		German husbandry long remained in a barbarous condition, notwithstanding that the influence of towns and monasteries on the districts in their immediate vicinity could not be ignored.
		The misfortunes of the German nation were completed by the inventions of gunpowder and of the art of printing, the revival of the Roman law, the Reformation, and lastly the discovery of America and of the new route to India.
		The foundation for the revival of German nationality was undoubtedly laid by the Governments themselves, by their conscientious devotion of the proceeds of the secularised Church lands to the uses of education and instruction, of art and science, of morality and objects of public utility.
	www.econlib.org /library/ypdbooks/list/lstNPE7.html (3467 words)

	Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The pope's crowning of Charlemagne as Emperor in 800 formed the example that later Kings would follow: it was the result of Charlemagne having defended the pope against the rebellious inhabitants of Rome, which initiated the notion of the Reich being the protector of the church.
		German Kings had been elected since time immemorial; in the 9th century by the leaders of the five most important tribes (the Franks, Saxons, Bavarians, Swabians and Thuringians), later by the main lay and clerical dukes of the kingdom, finally only by the so-called Kurfürsten (electing dukes).
		After him all Kings and Emperors relied on the lands of their own family (''Hausmacht''): Louis IV of Wittelsbach (king 1314, Emperor 1328–1347) relied on his lands in Bavaria; Charles IV of Luxembourg, the grandson of Henry VII, drew strength from his own lands in Bohemia.
	holy-roman-empire.area51.ipupdater.com (4655 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Emperor Charles VI favoured the family, who, besides being his cousins, had served the house of Austria with distinction.
		At the age of fifteen, when he was brought to Vienna, he was established in the Silesian duchy of Teschen, which had been mediatized and granted to his father by the emperor in 1722.
		He succeeded his father as duke of Lorraine in 1729, but the emperor, at the end of the War of the Polish Succession, desiring to compensate his candidate Stanislaus Leszczynski for the loss of his crown in 1735, persuaded Francis to exchange Lorraine for the grand duchy of Tuscany.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/f/fr/francis_i__holy_roman_emperor.html (384 words)

	Franks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Franks were one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire from Frisia as foederati and established a lasting realm in an area that covers most of modern-day France and the region of Franconia in Germany, forming the historic kernel of both these two modern countries.
		The conversion to Christianity of the pagan Frankish king Clovis was a climacteric in the history of Europe.
		While in later France the kingdom became hereditary, the kings of the later Holy Roman Empire proved unable to abolish the elective tradition and continued as elected rulers until the Empire's formal end in 1806.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Franks (2758 words)

	List of German Kings and Emperors
		The relationship between the title of "king" and "emperor" in the area that is today called Germany is just as complicated as the history and the structure of the Holy Roman Empire itself.
		Francis I, emperor 1745-1765, the husband of Maria Theresa of Austria
		Joseph II, king 1761, emperor 1765-1790, the son of Maria Theresa of Austria
	encyclopedie-en.snyke.com /articles/list_of_german_kings_and_emperors.html (480 words)

	Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By that act, the Emperor strengthened the papacy by recognising the importance of the pope in imperial coronations.
		The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed college of electors, the Kurfürsten, whose composition and procedures were set forth in the Golden Bull of 1356.
		In fact, the Habsburg Emperors of Austria, however nostalgically and sentimentally, considered themselves, as the lawful heirs of the Holy Roman monarchs, to be themselves the final continuation of the Holy Roman Imperial line, their dynasty dying out with the ousting of Karl I in 1918 (reigned 1916-1918).
	www.tocatch.info /en/Holy_Roman_Empire.htm (5729 words)

	List of Frankish Kings - Wikinfo
		A timeline of Frankish rulers is difficult since the realm was, according to old Germanic practice, frequently divided among the sons of a leader upon his death and then eventually reunited.
		The following table lists only the members of the Carolingian dynasty in the three subdivisions, which are the kernels of later France and the Holy Roman Empire, each with different ruling dynasties.
		The history of France as recounted in the "Grandes Chroniques de France," and particularly in the personal copy produced for King Charles V between 1370 and 1380 that is the saga of the three great dynasties, the Merovingians, Carolingians, and the Capetian Rulers of France, that shaped the institutions and the frontiers of the realm.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=List_of_Frankish_Kings (1795 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles (February 24, 1500 - September 21 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516-1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V ("Carlos Quinto" or "Carlos V") in Spain and Latin America.
		He was the son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile and grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile and of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
		He was a Hapsburg on his father's side, but he was not German: he famously said "I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men and German to my horse." His first language was French, but he was a lifelong enemy of France.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/c/ch/charles_v__holy_roman_emperor.html (774 words)

	Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (March 10, 1503 - July 27, 1564) ruled as emperor 1556-1564 after the abdication of this brother, Charles V, having previously been Archduke of Austria.
		Ferdinand I, one of the Hapsburg emperors, was born in Madrid, the son of Philip von Hapsburg (1478-1506) and his wife Juana of Castile (1479-1555).
		On May 25, 1521 in Linz, Austria, he married Anne of Bohemia (1503-1547), daughter of King Ladislaus V of Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix.
	usapedia.com /f/ferdinand-i-holy-roman-emperor.html (124 words)

	Thousands of NAMES for your dog, horse, cat, pet or child from Chinaroad Lowchens of Australia -
		A list of Native American super hero characters that can be found in all forms of media.
		A great list of famous and notable Mexicans, including persons who are known to a large number of people and not based on the extent of their popularity.
		This is a list of fl superheroes from the continent of Africa, the United States, Europe, Canada, Micronesia, New Zealand, Australia, the West Indies and elsewhere.
	www.lowchensaustralia.com /Names.htm (2759 words)

	Europe - List Of State Leaders In 1000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		England - Ethelred II of England, King of England (978-1013, 1014-1016)
		Holy Roman Empire - Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, List of German Kings and Emperors (983-1002)
		Sweden - Olof of Sweden, King of Sweden (995- 1022)
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Aakashshah2910/list-of-state-leaders-in-1000/europe.html (112 words)

	The Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The German emperors thus thought of themselves as being in direct succession of those of the Roman empire; this is why they initially called themselves Augustus.
		The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed collegiate of electors, the Kurfürsten, whose composition and procedures were fixed in the Golden Bull of 1356.
		Interestingly, it was thus increasingly in the king's own interest to strengthen the power of the territories, since the king profited from such a benefit in his own lands as well.
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/holyromanempire.htm (3832 words)

	Talk:List of French monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As an side, my suggestion for a new list of French monarchs, separate from both the French and German lists, is at User:Djmutex/Sandbox Frankish rulers.
		The same should be done with the List of German Kings and Emperors, which needs a merge with that other List of Holy Roman Emperors, but that's an entirely different can of worms.
		In the case of the "French King or King of the French" I would think the advantage would go to the Comte de Paris, simply because he is French, lives in France, speaks French, and the decendent he is from (Louis Phillipe) ruled lastly before the Duc d'Anjou's (Louis XIV).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:List_of_French_monarchs (3578 words)

	Franks - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Franks were one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire as foederati and established a lasting realm in an area that is part of today's France and Germany, forming the historic kernel of these two modern countries.
		While in later France, the kingdom became hereditary, the kings of the later Holy Roman Empire were unable to abolish this tradition and continued to be elected until the Empire's formal end in 1806.
		On December 23 and 24, 800, Charles was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III in Rome in a ceremony that formally acknowledged the Frankish Empire to be the successor of the (Western) Roman one.
	openproxy.ath.cx /fr/Franks.html (2140 words)

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