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	List of Holy Roman Emperors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the early rulers in this list, the title Holy Roman Emperor is anachronistic – Charlemagne, for instance, variously called himself imperator Romanorum ("emperor of the Romans") and imperator Romanum gubernans imperium ("emperor ruling the Roman Empire"), and many simply used the title imperator ("emperor").
		For instance, King Henry the Fowler was never crowned as emperor and is thus not on this list; nevertheless, his great-grandson, who was crowned, is referred to as Henry II, not Henry I. This situation changed somewhat in the early modern period.
		His successor Charles V was crowned emperor by the Pope in 1530, but Ferdinand I and all his successors did not seek a papal coronation and remained emperors-elect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Holy_Roman_Emperors (409 words)

	Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany and Austria, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806.
		The title of "emperor" was considered to have passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when, in AD 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor in exchange for the protection of the church.
		Until 1508, the King of the Romans, who was elected by a group of princes later known as electors, became emperor when he was crowned by the pope in Rome, after which he remained king (a title with functions in feudal law).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor (546 words)

	The Imperial House of Hapsburg: Chapter 3
		MAP OF HAPSBURG 1480 C.E. The Holy Roman Empire rested on two lofty ambitions: the unity of all Christians in a single state as the civil counterpart to the Catholic Church; along with the concept of hierarchical political organization that called for one ultimate ruler of Christendom.
		With the one exception Bavarian Charles VII in 1742, the electors of the Holy Roman Empire almost always chose a member of the Habsburg dynasty as emperor, and the Hapsburgs, consequently, regarded the title as a family fiefdom, despite the formalities of election.
		However, Frederick was the last emperor to be crowned in Rome and his grandson Charles V the last to be crowned by the pope.
	www.hapsburg.com /menu3.htm (767 words)

	Roman Emperor - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		"Roman Emperor" is the term historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic.
		In general, the Emperors cannot truly be described as "de jure" rulers (nominally the Emperor was merely primus inter pares), and many were not "de facto" rulers either.
		The Emperor's Tribuneship granted him the right to convene the Senate at his will and lay proposals before it, as well as the ability to veto any act or proposal by any magistrate, including the Tribune of the Plebs.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Roman_Emperor (3324 words)

	Religion
		In so far as the Romans had a religion of their own, it was not based on any central belief, but on a mixture of fragmented rituals, taboos, superstitions, and traditions which they collected over the years from a number of sources.
		To the Romans, religion was less a spiritual experience than a contractual relationship between mankind and the forces which were believed to control people's existence and well-being.
		This indirect threat to Roman power, together with the Roman perception that Jesus was claiming to be the 'King of the Jews', was the reason for his condemnation.
	www.roman-empire.net /religion/religion.html (4894 words)

	Roman Decadence, Rome and Romania, and the Emperors Who Weren't
		The Romans were so busy at their orgies (often with their siblings), throwing Christians to the lions, poisoning their spouses, parents, and children, and eating exotic parts of animals (like hummingbird tongues), in between visits to the vomitorium so they could eat more, that they didn't notice all the Germans gathering on the frontiers.
		What the Romans lost then was their discipline and organization, and this occurred through the Germanization of the army, even as the German commanders of the same were no more ready to seize the ultimate Roman honor for themselves than the Romans were to bestow it on them.
		Greek and Roman society was built on the conception of the subordination of the individual to the community, of the citizen to the state; it set the safety of the commonwealth, as the surpreme aim of conduct, above the safety of the individual whether in this world or in a world to come.
	www.friesian.com /decdenc1.htm (9171 words)

	the Holy Roman Empire
		That is, he was "emperor elect": a term that did not imply that he was emperor-in-waiting or not yet fully emperor, but only that he was emperor by virtue of the election rather than papal coronation (by tradition, the style of rex Romanorum electus was retained between the election and the German coronation).
		The procedures for electing a king of the Romans were identical, except that the king-elect swore not to intervene in the affairs of the Empire.
		The emperor was crowned by either the archbishop of Mainz or that of Trier, depending on the diocese in which the ceremony took place (in 1742, the archbishop of Cologne, brother of Emperor Karl VII, officiated with the consent of the archbishop of Mainz).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/hre.htm (11303 words)

	europenobletitle
		He is counted as King Charles I of France and as Holy Roman Emperor Charles (or Karl) I. Napoleon I was vested with "the imperial dignity" by a law of the French Senate in May 1804.
		In 1804, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II assumed the title of Austrian Emperor as Francis I (in German, Franz).
		The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was limited and the nobles who putatively owed him allegiance were oftentimes sovereign in all but name, particularly in the latter stages of the Empire.
	worldroots.com /~brigitte/europenobletitle.htm (7234 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Basil II
		The emperor then reorganised military high command in the east, recalling Leo Melissenus, dux of Antioch, and replacing him with Bardas Phocas, who was transferred from the office of domesticus of the east.
		In the novel the emperor's hostility towards the 'powerful' families is of secondary significance: the Phocades, for instance, are named only in a later scholium rather than in the main body of the text.
		[[68]] Certainly, it is in the context of annual campaigns led by the emperor that Scylitzes refers to the battle of Kleidion, a contest in the passes near Strumitza north of Thessalonica, during which a Bulgarian blockade was broken by an attack from the rear by Basil's general Nicephorus Xiphias.
	www.roman-emperors.org /basilii.htm (16624 words)

	DIR-List of Contributors Roman Emperors Roman History Roman Roman Empire Imperator Basileus De Imperatoribus Romanis ...
		He is preparing a thesis on the reign of the emperor Philip the Arab (A. 244-249) which will be finished by the end of 1999.
		He is interested in the history of the Later Roman Empire, especially in the historiography and political history of the Third and Fourth Centuries A.D. Michael Meckler is a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Greek and Latin at the Ohio State University.
		His main fields of research are the economic history of the Roman Empire, funerary archaeology of the northwestern provinces, and Gaul in late antiquity.
	www.roman-emperors.org /listcont.htm (1854 words)

	Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Roman Emperors and kings of France introduced similar practices in their countries in the 16th century when they began to give dominical titles to persons who had no territorial lordship.
		In 1708 the Circle Assembly of Franconia excluded the County of Geyer from the list of the Circle Estates.
		Emperor Maximilian I, as an heir to the House of Burgundy, continued this policy.
	www.geocities.com /vrozn/Constit.html (7918 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of the Holy Roman Empire and Its Emperors
		The Byzantine princess Theophano married Holy Roman Emperor Otto II in the 10th century.
		Renaissance Monarchy by Glenn Richardson is a comparative study of King Henry VIII, King Francis I, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The World of Emperor Charles V edited by W. Blockmans and Nicolette Mout.
		The Decline of the Holy Roman Empire and the Rise of Prussia
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/HolyRomanEmpire.html (1243 words)

	The Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire.
		Aëtius was the son of a Roman mother and a Scythian father.
		Here is a listing of other contenders, arranged by region, unsuccessful as to achieving the summit of ambition but nevertheless providing governance for their areas, sometimes for several years.
	www.hostkingdom.net /empire.html (1774 words)

	Taborite - TheBestLinks.com - Bohemia, Bohemian, Catholic, Holy Roman Empire, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Taborite, Bohemia, Bohemian, Catholic, Holy Roman Empire, Jan Hus, List of Holy...
		During the Hussite Wars, a Taborite was a soldier in the guerilla army of Jan Zizka, the blind Bohemian general who commanded his rag-tag army in defiance of the Imperial Army under Emperor Sigismund.
		According to various sources, they, upon the first Sunday after the separation of Bohemia from the Holy Roman Empire, conducted wide public masses in both Catholic and 'Hussite Protestant' fashion and also commenced with a communist-like attitude concerning their economic process, sharing all food and valuable supplies, but maintained their private property and land rights.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Taborite.html (196 words)

	Early Imperialists - DBA 136 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		German Emperors of the time were facing chronic shortages in troops thanks to the insubordination of the nobles who were independent rulers of their own Duchies with very little will to leave Germany in order to fight abroad.
		Historically, the German Emperors failed in their repeated invasions of Hungary but that was due to scorched earth tactics on the part of the Hungarians and not pitched battles which they would've probably lost.
		No Roman armies were present (Greek snobbery perhaps?) to match blades against blades but I think I would gladly participate in a tournament with the Early Imperialists as my army.
	www.fanaticus.org /dba/armies/dba136.html (1103 words)

	List of Roman Emperors - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled the Roman Empire.
		Note that in the list below Julius Caesar is not mentioned as an Emperor, as conventionally he is not considered as such.
		Emperor in the West until 475, deposed by Orestes; fled; From 476 recognised by Odoacer; murdered 480
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Roman_Emperors (681 words)

	Roman States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Normally under the protection or influence of the Holy Roman Empire until 1249, then normally under the protection or influence of the Papacy, 1274-1401.
		A significant garrison along a major road since Roman times, mention might be made of the heroic (but ultimately unsuccessful) defense of the town by Cia, wife of the Lord of Forli, against beseiging Papal troops in 1357.
		The Holy Roman Empire renounces all pretensions to Roman territory, and recognizes the Pope as sovereign Prince of the City, 1st of August, 1177.
	www.hostkingdom.net /rome.html (1970 words)

	The Early Roman Empire (31 BC-AD 193) (from ancient Rome) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The eclipse of the Roman Empire in the West (c.
		It has truly been said that this political arrangement was not holy, or Roman, or an empire.
		The conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity is attributed to Constantine.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-26650 (847 words)

	SOURCES
		list of Holy Roman Emperors, Websters Biographical Dictionary.
		Leopold II of Hapsburg-Austria, Holy Roman Emperor 1747-1792: Chapter 13,
		Elizabeth II of England: "The House of Windsor" Denis Judd.
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/fowsrc.htm (1143 words)

	Ancient Rome
		Slavery: In the Late Roman Republic to the Early Roman Empire: Slaves, Duties and Manumission
		The Rulers of the Roman Empire: A List from Augustus to Constantine XI Dragases
		Roman Armour (Lorica) of the 1st and 2nd century A.D. Evolution of the Etruscan Helmut
	members.aol.com /TeacherNet/AncientRome.html (3127 words)

	Anglican-Catholic-Orthodox Education Centre(anglicancatholic.net & anglican-catholic.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Are you Anglicans or are you Roman Catholics?
		Holy Church-Holy Sacraments, The Catholic Way of Salvation.
		The Links listed below only reflect a portion of their guide.(anglicancatholic.net thanks the authors for permission to list these sources on our page, linking does not indicate Imprimatur) Should you wish to access their complete guide, press hereInternet Christian Libary
	www.anglicancatholic.net /ed.htm (801 words)

	Descendants of David Weaver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		19 Bloodline of the Holy Grail, Laurence Gardener, Bloodline of the Holy Grail: The Hidden Lineage of Jesus Revealed, (1996, ISBN 0-7607-0735-9).
		46 Bloodline of the Holy Grail: The Hidden Lineage of Jesus Revealed(Bloodline of the Holy Grail), Laurence GARDENER, Bloodline of the Holy Grail: The Hidden Lineage of JesusRevealed(Bloodline of the Holy Grail), (1996, ISBN 0-7607-0735-9).
		750 Otto of Brunswick, Holy Roman Emperor 1198=1215: Webster's Biographical~~Dictionary - List of Holy Roman Emperors.
	www.daveweaverfamily.com /adam/Sources.htm (11642 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Holy Roman Empire, ToC
		WHKMLA : History of the Holy Roman Empire, ToC
		First posted on October 6th 2003, last revised November 12th 2004
		List of (Holy Roman) Emperors, posted by Clifton R. Fox, uses German spelling of names
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/xhre.html (35 words)

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