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Topic: List of Japanese War Atrocities

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	Twentieth Century Atlas - Top Ranked Atrocities
		The Russian Civil War (#5), which paved the way for the rise of Stalin, was an integral outgrowth of World War One.
		If it weren't for the fact that the Second World War is considered to be a single event, we could probably consider the Eastern and Western halves of the Hemoclysm to be distinctly unrelated pieces of history.
		A series of events which may or may not be related to the Hemoclysm are the wars and massacres which ravaged Indochina from 1945 to 1980.
	users.erols.com /mwhite28/atrox.htm (1097 words)

	The Ultimate Japan - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Japanese society is ethnically and linguistically very homogeneous, with small populations of primarily North and South Koreans (1 million), Okinawan (1.5 million), Chinese and Taiwanese (0.5 million), Filipinos (0.5 million), and Brazilians — mostly of Japanese descent — (250,000), as well as the indigenous Ainu minority in Hokkaido.
		Japanese citizenship is conferred on an infant when a family member registers the infant's birth in the family registry held by a neighborhood ward office.
		The Japanese population is rapidly aging, the effect of a post-war baby boom followed by a decrease in births as the country modernised in the latter part of the 20th century (notable aspects including the shift from agricultural to urban lifestyles and the increasing tendency for women to remain in the workplace).
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Japan (4326 words)

	Japan - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Japanese society is ethnically and linguistically homogeneous, with small populations of primarily North and South Koreans (1 million), Okinawan (1.5 million), Chinese and Taiwanese (0.5 million), Filipinos (0.5 million), and Brazilians — mostly of Japanese descent — (250,000), as well as the indigenous Ainu minority in Hokkaido.
		The Japanese population is rapidly aging, the effect of a post-war baby boom followed by a decrease in births as the country modernized in the latter part of the 20th century (notable aspects including the shift from agricultural to urban lifestyles and the increasing tendency for women to remain in the workplace).
		The Japanese people's concerns with religion are usually personal and related to mythology, traditions, and neighborhood activities rather than just the source of morality or the guidance for one's life.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Jp (4686 words)

	Second Sino-Japanese War Summary
		Although during the war the Chinese Communist forces fought as a nominal part of the NRA, the number of those on the CCP side, due to their guerrilla status, is difficult to determine, though estimates place the total number of the Eighth Route Army, New Fourth Army, and irregulars in the Communist armies at 1,300,000.
		Nevertheless the Japanese prospect of transferring their troops to fight the Americans was in vain and they only committed the Guandong Army from Manchuria in their "Sho plan", which later facilitated the Soviet advancement after the Soviet war declaration on August 8 1945.
		The Japanese troops in China formally surrendered on September 9, 1945 and by the provisions of the Cairo Conference of 1943 the lands of Manchuria, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands reverted to China.
	www.bookrags.com /Second_Sino-Japanese_War (8579 words)

	The California Cure for Japanese War Crimes
		It permits any World War II slave labor or forced labor victim, or their heirs, to bring suit in a superior court of California against any entity or successor in interest for whom the labor was performed, either directly or through a subsidiary or affiliate.
		The situation of Japanese national guilt is complicated by the seeming pardon of the Japanese Emperor Hirohito for war crimes and the nuclear annihilation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
		Japanese industry contends it cannot be held responsible for the wartime zaibatsus actions.
	www.fantompowa.net /Flame/levy_japanese_war_crimes.htm (2275 words)

	Japanese war crimes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japanese law does not recognize those convicted in the Tokyo Trials and other trials as criminals, despite the fact that Japan's governments have accepted the judgments made in the trials, and in the Treaty of San Francisco (1952).
		War crimes may be broadly defined as unconscionable behavior by a government or military personnel against either enemy civilians or enemy combatants.
		Japanese control was accepted and recognized internationally and was justified by instruments such as the Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895, which included China's ceding of Taiwan) and the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty (1910).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Japanese_War_Atrocities (7104 words)

	War without Mercy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Japanese propagandists themselves made use of this in a leaflet which depicted a teeter-totter with figures representing seven Asian nations weighing down one end while Roosevelt and Churchill are seen flying off the other end.
		Although the Japanese leaders proclaimed a desire for the attainment of a Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere uniting the nations of the region, it was clear that Tokyo was to be the dominant economic and military center.
		Dower is properly skeptical of the flood of atrocity stories which attributed nearly every conceivable brutality to the Japanese, but accepts uncritically all the cliches and myths about alleged German atrocities that were the staples of Allied propaganda.
	www.willamette.edu /~rloftus/warwomercy.html (1825 words)

	How the United States protected Japanese war criminals
		Japanese who were considered likely to face prosecution as war criminals, were provided with a range of advice that included going into hiding as a last resort.
		The Japanese who conducted the ghastly biological experiments on live prisoners of war at Unit 731 escaped prosecution because General MacArthur wanted their advanced research in biological and chemical warfare made available to the US military.
		There were simply too many Japanese war crimes to investigate; incriminating records had been deliberately destroyed; investigators had to rely on hostile Japanese police and government officials to locate suspects and witnesses; and there were too few investigators and prosecutors.
	www.users.bigpond.com /battleforaustralia/JapWarCrimes/USWarCrime_Coverup.html (1895 words)

	Celebici
		It was not until the end of the First World War, however, that the notion of individual criminal responsibility for failure to take the necessary measures to prevent or to repress breaches of the laws of armed conflict was given explicit expression in an international context.
		Where a subordinate is prosecuted as the actual perpetrator of a war crime, and his superiors cannot be indicted as being equally responsible, they shall be considered as accomplices in so far as they have organised or tolerated the criminal acts of their subordinates.
		Persons who occupy a supervisory or commanding position in relation to war criminals and in their capacity as such have not fulfilled their duty to prevent crimes from being committed by their subordinates shall be treated as the accomplices of such war criminals.
	lawofwar.org /celebici.htm (956 words)

	China - Japan: The Rape Of Nanking, WW 11
		Japanese troops often forced families to commit acts of incest; sons were forced to rape their mothers, fathers were forced to rape daughters.
		The death toll reckoned at the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, is the official estimate engraved on the stone wall at the entrance of the "Memorial Hall for Compatriot Victims of the Japanese Military's Nanjing Massacre".
		One Japanese veteran group for army officers attempted to disprove the massacre by conducting a survey among the members who participated in Nanking campaign but their attempt ended up as proving the existence of the massacre beyond doubt.
	ariellegabriel.tripod.com /id495.html (3186 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		When the outcome of war was regarded to be the judgment of heaven, or the vanquished were regarded as being abandoned by the gods, such doctrines were used as justification for the cruel treatment of the defeated.
		War crimes can be punished, not only by the organs of the country of which the offender is a citizen--for example, a guard who tortures, or a camp commander who orders the torturing of, prisoners of war will in a civilized country be court-martialed by his own authorities--but also by the enemy.
		In view of the unparalleled mass atrocities systematically carried out by Germany from the inception of the war, numerous formal warnings were issued by the Allies during World War II that the culprits would be brought to justice.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_warcrimes.html (4032 words)

	Japanese War Crimes Trials 1946-1948 - World War II Multimedia Database
		The Japanese argued that they were subject to war crimes trials simply because of the heinous crimes of their German allies, essentially claiming the Allies were finding them guilty by association.
		Systematic atrocities on the scale of Manila or Nanjing were never committed, but there had never been an apology or understanding of the horrors of firebombing of civilians and the use of atomic weapons.
		Massacres and Atrocities of WWII in the Pacific Region
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/warcrimes.htm (603 words)

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