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	Kalmar Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kalmar Union (Danish/Norwegian/Swedish: Kalmarunionen) was a series of personal unions (1397–1521) that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch.
		The unity of the union eroded in the 1430s, even to the point of armed rebellion (the Engelbrecht rebellion), leading to the expulsion of Danish forces from Sweden.
		Eric was deposed (1438–1439) as the union king and was succeeded by the childless Christopher of Bavaria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalmar_Union (644 words)

	Wikipedia: Kalmar Union
		The Kalmar Union united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under one monarch in 1397.
		The union was formed by Queen Margaret I (1353 - 1413) in the Swedish town of Kalmar, close to the Danish border, after Danish and Swedish troops in 1389 had defeated the Swedish king, Albert of Mecklenburg, and he subsequently failed to pay the tribute of 60,000 silver marks within three years after his release.
		Eric was deposed in 1438-1439 as the union king and succeeded by the childless Christopher of Bavaria.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/k/ka/kalmar_union.html (562 words)

	List of Kalmar Union monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a listing of monarchs in the countries of the Kalmar Union.
		The union monarchs who were Danish kings, met with opposition in Norway and Sweden, which opposed them by appointing their own opposing monarchs and regents.
		Main articles: List of Swedish monarchs, List of Finnish monarchs
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Kalmar_Union_monarchs (135 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Kalmar Union
		The Kalmar Union (Danish/Norwegian/Swedish: Kalmarunionen) was a series of personal unions (1397–1520) that unitied the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch.
		Queen Margaret, who was a daughter of the late Danish king Valdemar Atterdag and wife of the late Norwegian king Haakon VI, maneuvered to have her grandnephew Eric of Pomerania recognized as heir to the Norwegian throne, and then elected king over the two other countries.
		The last structures of the Kalmar Union remained until 1536 when the Danish Privy Council, in the aftermath of a civil war, unilaterally declared Norway to be a Danish province, without consulting their Norwegian colleagues.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Kalmar_Union (730 words)

	List of Swedish monarchs - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union up until the present time.
		The Kalmar Union (the United Kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1389-1523)
		Because of this lists of succession traditionally start with the first baptized christian king of Sweden, Olof Skötkonung[?] and his father Erik Segersäll[?].
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /li/List_of_Swedish_monarchs.html (702 words)

	List of Norwegian Monarchs Encyclopedia Articles @ KingSized.com (King Sized) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Union of the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Norway (1814-1905)
		2 The Union of Sweden and Norway (1319-1343)
		3 The Union of Denmark and Norway (1380-1396)
	www.kingsized.com /encyclopedia/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs (394 words)

	Absolute Monarchy in Sweden - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nothing could be done, however, till the arrival of the new king (then at Paris), and every one felt that with Gustav III an entirely incalculable factor had entered into Swedish politics.
		France undertook, moreover, to pay the outstanding subsidies to Sweden, amounting to one and a half millions of livres annually, beginning from January 1772; and Vergennes, one of the great names of French diplomacy, was to be sent to circumvent the designs of Russia at Stockholm as he had previously circumvented them at Constantinople.
		The estates could only assemble when summoned by him; he could dismiss them whenever he thought fit; and their deliberations were to be confined exclusively to the propositions which he might think fit to lay before them.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Absolute_Monarchy_in_Sweden (2036 words)

	Kalmar
		Kalmar is one of the oldest cities of Sweden.
		Kalmar's importance to the defense of Sweden stemmed from its location near the Danish border, since its castle was the Southernmost bulwark against foreign invasion.
		Kalmar is one of the 134 historical Cities in Sweden with a Royal Charter.
	www.governpub.com /Capitals-K/Kalmar.php (341 words)

	Welcome To Senior Focus
		Kalmar Castle was soon the key to the kingdom - a vital defense on the Danish border and an important part of international political life.
		Kalmar Castle was the center of activities in 1997 when the 600 year anniversary of the Kalmar Union took place marking 1397’s Nordic Union by Queen Margareta I of Denmark.
		Kalmar is one of the greenest and most blooming cities in Sweden; it offers the visitor a combination of the old and new with its port, castles and parks.
	www.seniorfocus.com /SegmentDisplay16e5.html (852 words)

	List of Finnish rulers
		This is a list of rulers of Finland, that is, the Kingss, ruling Dukes and Queen of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the Grand Dukes of Finland (identical with the Tsars of Russia), up to the brief Kingdom of Finland at independence in 1918.
		The Union of the Swedish and Norwegian kingdoms (1319-1343)
		Regents of the Kalmar Union and Viceroys (Riksföreståndare)
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_finnish_rulers.html (586 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		List of Candidates for U.S. Representative from Ohio, A-G
		List of Candidates for U.S. Representative from Ohio, H-M
		List of Candidates for U.S. Representative from Ohio, N-Z
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Category:Lists_of_people.html (400 words)

	Iceland Encyclopedia Articles @ Distrusts.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When that union was dissolved in 1814, through the Treaty of Kiel, which saw Norway entering a union with Sweden, Iceland became a dominion of Denmark colony.
		From 1918 Iceland was in a personal union with the Danish king, with foreign relations being carried out by the king, as instructed by the Icelandic government until the World War II military occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany in 1940.
		Iceland is a member of the Common market of the European Union through the EEA agreement but has never applied for membership of the EU itself.
	www.distrusts.com /encyclopedia/Iceland (2601 words)

	List of Danish monarchs
		This is a list of Danish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Denmark, including Regents of the Kalmar Union, up until the present time.
		Different branches of Oldenburg have held the Crown of Denmark since 1448, until 1864 in personal union[?] with the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
		See also: List of Icelandic rulers, List of Norwegian monarchs, List of Swedish monarchs, lists of incumbents
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_Danish_monarchs.html (392 words)

	[No title]
		It stretched from the Baltic city of Kalmar in the south to the large Laplandish forests in the north, and from Lödöse at the mouth of the Göta River in the west to the fortress city of Viborg at the Russian border in the east.
		Even if the Union could not be maintained de facto during the entire 15th century, the thought of union was kept alive during more than 100 years by changing groups of magnates in the Nordic realms, who in different ways believed that they could benefit by a continued union.
		The revenue of the monarchs from this vast but sparsely populated country was insufficient to support a military apparatus, where strong castles and hired horsemen were the most important ingredients.
	medieval.ucdavis.edu /SWEDEN/Sweden.html (4130 words)

	Wikipedia: List of Norwegian monarchs
		This article is a list of rulers of Norway up until the present, including:
		The early Viking kings are listed using the name common in historic sources (with the Norwegian name in italics).
		Note also that before the Law of Succession was introduced in 1163, the inheritance of the throne was an affair filled with deep conflicts.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/l/li/list_of_norwegian_monarchs.html (178 words)

	Greenland Encyclopedia Articles @ OfficialTexts.com (Official Texts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These remote communities thrived and lived off farming, hunting and trading with the motherland, and when the Scandinavian monarchs converted their domains to Christianity, a bishop was installed in Greenland as well.
		Norway in turn entered into the Kalmar Union in 1397 and later the personal union of Denmark-Norway.
		List of languages by number of native speakers
	www.officialtexts.com /encyclopedia/Greenland (1577 words)

	Wikinfo \| Kalmar Union
		The Swedes were not happy with the Danes' frequent wars on Schleswig, Holstein, Mecklenburg, and Pomerania, which were a disturbance to Swedish exports to the European continent (notably iron).
		The last structures of the Kalmar Union remained until 1536 when Norway, in the aftermath of a Danish civil war, formally lost its independent status as a separate kingdom and was made a province of Denmark.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Kalmar_Union (624 words)

	List of Icelandic rulers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The union with the Kingdom of Denmark (1536-1918)
		The union with the Kingdom of Norway (1262-1536)
		See also: List of Presidents of Iceland, List of Prime Ministers of Iceland, List of Norwegian monarchs, List of Danish monarchs, List of Swedish monarchs, Lists of incumbents
	usapedia.com /l/list-of-icelandic-rulers.html (210 words)

	Finland
		The Kalmar Union came into existence essentially to allow the three Scandinavian states of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway to present a united front against foreign--primarily German--encroachments.
		The driving force behind the union was Queen Margaret I of Denmark, who had gained the Norwegian crown by marriage and the Swedish crown by joining with the Swedish nobility against an unpopular German king.
		In 1932 the Soviet Union and Finland signed a ten-year non-aggression pact, which, however, did not mitigate the mutual distrust--illustrated in part by the Soviets' cessation of all trade between the two countries in 1934--that was to culminate in war.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/finland/all.html (19415 words)

	History of Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Kalmar Union and the Union with Denmark
		Margrethe, the queen mother, succeeded in uniting Norway with Denmark and Sweden in the Kalmar Union (1397-1523), which ended after 180 years when Sweden seceded in 1536.
		In referenda held in 1972 and on November 28, 1994, Norway rejected joining the European Union, though it remains associated with it through being part of the wider European Economic Area.
	history-of-norway.iqnaut.net (2266 words)

	Sweden and Bridge Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1397, the socalled Union of Kalmar was concluded under her leadership.
		In fact, however, the whole union period, 1397- 1521, was marked by conflict between the central government, represented by the king, on the one hand and the high nobility along with intermittently rebellious burghers and peasants on the other.
		However, this constitution only applied during periods when the monarch was a minor--first in the case of Queen Kristina and then in that of Karl XI--and lost all actuality in 1680 when Karl XI repossessed crown land which had previously been transferred to the nobility.
	www.bridgeguys.com /International/Sweden.html (2983 words)

	List of Finnish rulers - Gurupedia
		This is a list of rulers of Finland, that is, the
		Kings, ruling Dukes and Queen of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the Grand Dukes of Finland (identical with the Tsars of Russia), up to the brief Kingdom of Finland at independence in 1918.
		The Union of the Swedish and Norwegian kingdoms (1319-
	www.gurupedia.com /l/li/list_of_finnish_rulers.htm (357 words)

	Articles - Terra Scania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As a result, when the Kalmar Union was formed in 1397, the union was administered from Copenhagen.
		During the breakup of the Kalmar Union and 1814, Denmark and Sweden fought 11 times in SkÃ¥neland and other border provinces: 1563-70, 1611-1613, 1644-1645, 1657-1658; 1659-1661, 1674-1678, 1700, 1710-1721, 1788, 1808-1809, and 1814.
		Instead a Swedish-centric history was taught, and the Scanian history before 1658, for instance concerning the list of monarchs, was disregarded as a component of Danish history.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Terra_Scania (1608 words)

	List of Swedish monarchs Did You Mean list_of_swedish_monarchs_e6a4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These records contain the early kings, of the House of Yngling, and give an explanation to the numbering of the monarchs, particularly the names Erik and Karl (Eric and Charles).
		As there is no evidence that Eric and Olof ever used the Yngling name themselves, modern historians instead refer to their family as the House of Munsö, the House of Ivar and Ragnar Lodbrok, the Old Dynasty or the House of Uppsala.
		1.5 Regents of the Kalmar Union and Viceroys (Riksföreståndare)
	www.did-you-mean.com /List_of_Swedish_monarchs_e6a4.html (549 words)

	List of Danish monarchs FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is a list of Danish s, that is, the Kings and ruling Queen of, including s of the.
		The house of Oldenburg held the Danish Crown between and, when it passed to the house of.
		The kingdom had been elective until, and until it was also united in personal union with the duchies of and.
	www.bigdirection.com /en/List_of_Danish_monarchs (367 words)

	List of Danish monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is a list of Danish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queen of Denmark, including Regents of the Kalmar Union.
		With Iceland (since the union between Denmark and Norway in 1387.
		With Greenland (since the union between Denmark and Norway in 1387.
	72.51.33.237 /cgi-bin/nph-surf.cgi/010110A/uggc/ra.jvxvcrqvn.bet/jvxv/Xvat_bs_Qraznex (431 words)

	Unification of Sweden - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The union was to be a personal, not a political union.
		Finally, on his death in 1470, the three kingdoms were reunited under Christian II of Denmark, the prelates and higher nobility of Sweden being favourable to the union, though the great majority of the Swedish people always detested it as a foreign usurpation.
		The national party was represented by the three great Riksföreståndare, or Viceroys, of the Sture family, who, with brief intervals, from 1470 to 1520 successively defended the independence of Sweden against the Danish kings and kept the national spirit alive.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Unification_of_Sweden (761 words)

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