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Topic: List of Lepidoptera which feed on Birches

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	Birch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae.
		Birch is used as a food plant by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species, see List of Lepidoptera which feed on Birches.
		Birch tar, extracted from birch bark, was used as a lubricant and for medicinal purposes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Birch (548 words)

	The Lepidoptera of Portage County, Ohio
		The larvae feed on basswood and speckled alder.
		The larvae feed on alder, birch, cottonwood, poplar, and willow.
		The larvae feed on alder, birch, poplar, hawthorn, and willow.
	www.ag.ohio-state.edu /~proofs/b1195/rb1195_20.html (18422 words)

	Butterflies: Part 2 - The True Butterflies
		They feed upon such alpine plants as stonecrop and saxifrage and are well adapted by their structure and habits to the bleak surroundings of the mountain tops.
		The caterpillar feeds upon the leaves of various members of the parsley family and is said to have learned to warm itself during the middle of the day by resting upon stones and gravel which have absorbed the sun's heat rays.
		In another group, which we may designate as B, the conditions may be similar except that the butterflies lay their eggs very soon after coming from the chrysalis in the case of all three broods.
	www.kellscraft.com /Butterflies/butterfly02.html (19496 words)

	The Lepidoptera of Portage County, Ohio
		The larvae feed on basswood, beech, birch, elm, linden, and oaks.
		The larvae feed on ash, dandelions, and plantain.
		The larvae feed on birch, maple, walnut, and willow.
	extension.osu.edu /~proofs/b1195/rb1195_19.html (3703 words)

	[No title]
		They differ from the birches (Betula, the other genus in the family) in that the female catkins are woody and do not disintegrate at maturity, opening to release the seeds in a similar manner to many conifer cones.
		Alder catkins are one of the first sources of pollen for bee species, especially honeybees, which use it for spring buildup.
		Alder is used as a food plant by some Lepidoptera species, see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Alders.
	www.kisanji.org /?arg=Alder (619 words)

	[No title]
		The circumstances under which the Agathis ovata- maquis stands arise and are maintained are the subject of further investigation.
		However, one young regrowth site, which was relatively close to the mature sites in the ordination space for the analysis of vascular plants, was distant from the mature forest sites for the analysis of macrofungi.
		The abundance of Diptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera was randomly distributed over time, Isoptera peaked in the first half of the wet season, Coleoptera and Hemiptera in the second half of the wet season and Hymenoptera in each season.
	www.geol.utas.edu.au /yoav/res/references.TXT (13213 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Predicting Invasions of Nonindigenous Plants and Plant Pests (2002)
		One noteworthy exception, which is an example of how nonindigenous organisms can unexpectedly interact with indigenous ones, is the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus), which was introduced into the United States on the tops of sugar beets.
		Seed merchants, whose trade dealt primarily with the importation of nonindigenous species, were advertising their stock in broadsheets by 1800 (Mack, 1991), and this cottage industry grew enormously in scope and national distribution in the 19th century.
		Most important here is that the array of species greatly expanded from small lists of crop plants and a limited number of medicinals to a wide array of plants for seasonings and ornamentation.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309082641/html/19.html (9314 words)

	MESA Regulations
		The list of Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species in effect prior to the effective date of 321 CMR 10.00, as amended by the Fisheries and Wildlife Board on December 30, 1991, is established within 321 CMR 10.90 as the first edition of the list.
		The types of habitat which presently harbor state listed species are diverse and may include, but are not limited to: coastal plain kettle ponds, sandplain grasslands, limestone wetlands, vernal pools, pitch pine/scrub oak barrens, coastal heathlands, floodplain forests, estuaries, barrier beaches, and marshes with emergent vegetation.
		The list is generally organized according to the relationship of the listed species as determined by the science of taxonomy, which groups and categorizes species that are similar on the basis of shared evolutionary descent.
	www.mass.gov /dfwele/dfw/nhesp/nhenvmesareg.htm (14430 words)

	Bee plants common in Germany and in Colorado Springs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It may be of some interest to know which Apoid genera are found on these immigrant plants back home in the old country.
		Below is a list of plant species common to Germany and the Colorado Springs area with the number of species found in bee genera in Germany: (* designates number of oligolectic species)
		About 1/3 of which (140) are oligolectic, 252 species are polylectic, for 20 species no data is available.
	www.cyberspace.org /~goertz/west.html (1465 words)

	[No title]
		While these Lepidoptera are among the most characteristic species of Pocosins, Pond Pine Woodlands, and other types of peatland communities, they are no more restricted to these habitats than are their host plants, which can occur in a number of other habitat types, in some cases including uplands as well as wetlands.
		The Giant Swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) feeds on members of the citrus family generally; within the study area, the only choice of host plants in Hercules-club (Zanthoxylum clava-hercules), which is restricted to the calcium-rich sands of the barrier islands.
		This stand, which is contiguous to the registered Cypress Natural Area, is dominated by large, old bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), averaging 50 inches dbh and reaching as much as 14' in diameter and 120' in height (Lynch and Peacock, 1982; Landis, 1991).
	ils.unc.edu /parkproject/nhp/Leps_ALPA.html (14678 words)

	Butterflies of the Argun' River basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the northern areas of the region the Dahurian birch grows by small groves on ledges and small gullies on open southern slopes and is admixed to the silver birch and larch on gentle places.
		Ulan - hills and a pass of the road from Priargunsk to Byrka, 7 km NNW of the village Ulan, or 23 km NW from the settlement Priargunsk; a steppe.
		Gazzavod - 12 km SW of the village Gazimurskii Zavod, 2 km SW of the village Dog'e, forb meadows, edges of a silver birch forest and a cutting in it on SE-exposed slope.
	pisum.bionet.nsc.ru /kosterin/argune.htm (8993 words)

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