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Topic: List of Northwestern Iranian languages

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List of Kurdish languages

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	iranian.com: Zia E. Ahari, A fresh look at U.S.-Iran relations
		Many Iranian nationalists still remember Baskerville as a symbol of an America that they saw as a welcome ally and a useful “third force” that might help Iran to break the power of Britain and Russia who were strangling Iran and threatening to divide the country into two spheres of interest.
		Iranian grassroots believed that the US had abandoned them and supported an old known enemy, Britain, when Iran was in dire need of a friend during the oil crisis of 1953.
		The Iranian Regime is aware of the fact that during the past, and even at present, the US has chosen to accept far stranger bedfellows like the Shah of Iran, Suharto of Indonesia, the Saudi Family, Sultan Mohammad of Morocco, Aliev of Azerbaijan, Mubarak of Egypt and Nazarbeyov of Tajikistan but to name a few.
	www.iranian.com /Opinion/2006/November/IranUS110/index.html (13385 words)

	baloch and balochistan sistan and balouchestan of iran all about baloch and balochistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This paper is concerned with the Balochi language in Iran presenting the issues from two perspectives: The first is a descriptive history of this language, its relation to its family languages, its dialects, its development as for its orthography and standardization, and demographical and geographical factors.
		Geographically, Iranian Balochistan is divided into the northern Sarhadd area, the central/southern parts comprising the Iranshahr-Bampur region, the Sarawan district, the Makkoran Mountains down almost to the coast, and a southern strip along the coast of the Sea of Oman.
		So if a language is used at home, at work, in education, in business, in administration, in religion, in entertainment and in the mass media, then that language has a usage in many social domains that shows that it will continue to thrive as a language.
	www.baloch2000.org /culture/language/azim2.htm (3164 words)

	Linguist List - List of Ancient and Extinct Languages
		The language of diplomacy and culture from the 3rd Millennium BC to the early 1st Millennium.
		The monuments are mostly in a language of the Cholan subgroup, an archaic version of either Chol or Chortí; they may also be in one of the Tzeltalan languages, which are closely related to Cholan.
		A possible extinct language or dialect spoken in the eastern Korean peninsula north of Silla (which kingdom was for centuries limited to the SE corner of the peninsula), it was absorbed by Koguryo some time before the demise of the Koguryo kingdom.
	linguistlist.org /forms/langs/GetListOfAncientLgs.html (4054 words)

	Kurdish language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Kurdish language is an Indo-Iranian language spoken in the region loosely called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.Geographic distribution of Kurdish and other Iranic languages Kurdish is an official language in Iraq while it is banned in Syria.
		The Kurdish language belongs to the western sub-group of the Iranian languages which belong to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages family.
		It is assumed that the extinct language of the Medes, who lived in the area later occupied by the Kurds, was also West Iranian.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Kurdish_language (1719 words)

	ASES, forms and uses, in Iranian languages and dialects
		Iranian inherited the Indo-European marking of the agent/subject and patient/object by the nominative and accusative, respectively, and the verbal ending agreeing with the agent/subject, the so-called nominative-accusative pattern.
		In modern Iranian this is the common past tense construction of transitive verbs, with the exception of the imperfect in Go@ra@ni and T®a@leÞi in the west and Yaghnobi in the east, in which the imperfect stem is still based on the old present stem, rather than on the past participle.
		We see that in the majority of the languages the marking of the accusative/direct object has been renewed by the extension of the dative, either of the oblique, that is, the old genitive-dative, and/or of the pre- or postposition marking the dative.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v5f1/v5f1a008.html (5708 words)

	Semitic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semitic languages were among the earliest to attain a written form, with Akkadian writing beginning in the middle of the third millennium BC.
		A number of Gurage languages are to be found in the mountainous center of Ethiopia, while Harari is restricted to the city of Harar; Tigre, spoken in the Eritrean highlands, has over a million speakers.
		All Semitic languages exhibit a unique pattern of stems consisting of "triliteral" or consonantal roots (normally consisting of three consonants), from which nouns, adjectives, and verbs are formed by inserting vowels with, potentially, prefixes, suffixes, or infixes (consonants inserted within the original root).
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Semitic_languages (2235 words)

	Zazaki; Its' Position Among Western-Iranian Languages - (CAIS)
		Zazaki is a West Iranian language spoken in Southeast Anatolia, northwest to the Kordi (Kurdish) speaking regions, by approx.
		At present the further development of Zazaki language and culture is endangered by the Turkish policy of „purifying“ Eastern Anatolia of its indigenous Kordi and Zaza population, as well as by the long-standing process of forced and unforced assimilation (to Turkish and Kordi).
		The West Iranian languages and dialects are generally divided into a Southern and a Northern group.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Languages/zazaki.htm (1004 words)

	homepage\Non Arab-North
		In November of 1979, Iranian militants who were upset that the United States had let the deposed Shah into the United States for medical treatment, seized control of the American embassy in Tehran and held 62 Americans captive for 444 days.
		Osman I, the ruler in northwestern Anatolia, is traditionally regarded as the founder of the Ottoman states.
		In Turkey this movement is led by the Islamic Welfare Party, recently been declared unconstitutional as it violates the secular state that was established by the Turkish constitution (Washington Post Jan 18, 1998).
	www.list.org /~mdoyle/NonArab.html (1593 words)

	homepage\overview
		Population is clustered around areas of precipitation and bodies of water: the coastal areas of Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Morocco; along the Caspian sea in Iran; and along the Nile in Egypt and the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq.
		Language is the principle criterion for defining ethnic groups.
		Arabic is the national language of most of the countries of the Middle East and is spoken by about half the population of the region.
	www.list.org /~mdoyle/overview.html (2892 words)

	Iran (10/06)
		Most Iranians are Muslims; 89% belong to the Shi'a branch of Islam, the official state religion, and about 9% belong to the Sunni branch, which predominates in neighboring Muslim countries.
		Modern Iranian history began with a nationalist uprising against the Shah in 1905 and the establishment of a limited constitutional monarchy in 1906.
		Iranian interests in the United States are represented by the Government of Pakistan.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5314.htm (4879 words)

	Dr. Anthony Shay
		The leader of these dances often executes special figures as well as signaling and changes in the foot patterns, movements, or direction in which the group is moving, often by gesturing with his or her hand, in which a kerchief is held.
		In contrast to the regional dances, this dance form is performed in a highly individual and idiosyncratic style, and yet in a strikingly uniform manner both in its performance and in the aesthetic and creative impulses that form its basis throughout this vast region.
		In Iranian solo improvised dance, both domestically and professionally, the performance of beautiful and intricate hand and arm movements is highly prized.
	www.stanford.edu /group/psa/events/1998-99/avaz/about.utf8.html (1425 words)

	linksframelgtoc
		The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the America is the primary organization for those interested in the languages of the western hemisphere.
		Among the Indo-Aryan languages, Marathi is the southern-most language".
		Burmese "is the first language of the majority of the approximately thirty-seven million inhabitants of Burma (Myanmar), and a lingua franca for many of the ethnic minorities that make up about a third of that number".
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~pwd/linksframelgtoc.html (1250 words)

	Scientist at Work: What We All Spoke When the World Was Young
		Speaking 5,000 languages, they had long forgotten the ancient mother tongue that had both united and yet dispersed this little band of cousins to the four corners of the earth.
		Not every language shows this pattern, but almost every Amerindian language family has one or more languages that have it, suggesting that all are derived from an original language in which first and second person pronouns started this way.
		In the course of classifying the languages of the Americas, Dr. Greenberg realized that their major families were related to languages on the Eurasian continent, as would be expected if the Americas had been inhabited by people migrating through Siberia.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~anthro/articles/archaeo-language.html (2142 words)

	Ramin Jahanbegloo
		Whatever the reason, some Iranians believe Jahanbegloo’s detention is part of a wider trend of mounting pressure on their country’s civil society since Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office as president last August.
		The Iranians in exile were joined by Iran’s most prominent dissident and champion of democracy, Akbar Ganji, who was released from Tehran’s infamous Evin prison this March — after six years of detention and lengthy hunger strikes that left him emaciated and near death.
		The Iranians pointed to their diverse opinions as evidence that the opposition movement is moving toward unity — a long-elusive goal.
	raminj.iranianstudies.ca (4558 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		Dari is a Northwestern Iranian language of the Indo-Iranian subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
		It is one of the national languages of the country and is used by roughly 50% of the population.
		Dari emerged as the language of the Persians and Zorastrian priests after the defeat of the Parthians by Cyrus in the middle of the sixth century B.C. Shortly thereafter, Dari was adopted as the spoken language of the Persian courts of the Sassanids.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=191&menu=004 (837 words)

	The sci.lang FAQ: 8
		A language family is a group of languages that have been proven to have descended from a common ancestral language.
		English is a Germanic language with a lot of Latin vocabulary, borrowed from French in the Middle Ages.
		LANGUAGE ISOLATES: A number of languages around the world have never been successfully shown to be related to any others-- in at least some cases because any related languages have long been extinct.
	www.zompist.com /lang8.html (939 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Pallava empire of Dravidia, Samar Abbas
		Moreover, the Pahlava alphabet is the ancestor of the Sasanian Persian alphabet: "The Pahlava alphabet developed from the Aramaic alphabet and occurs in at least three local varieties: northwestern, called Pahlavik or Arsacid; southwestern, called Parsik or Sasanian, and eastern" (Enc.Brit.
		The Pallavas initially propagated Prakrit, a language containing a much higher percentage of Indo-European words compared to Sanskrit as it represented a later, and hence purer, heliolatric Indo-European invasion.
		Buddha was known as Sakya-muni, Prakrit for "Lord of the Scythians", and was an Iranian.
	www.iranian.com /History/2003/May/Pallava (6382 words)

	sci.lang FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
		LANGUAGE, by Edward Sapir (1921), is a readable survey of linguistics that is still worthwhile despite its age.
		The neuter plural in all IE languages is not descended from this, however-- active/stative languages typically don't mark plurals for inanimate nouns-- but is instead a collective noun, treated grammatically as a singular.
		Both were students of Amerindian languages, and were drawn to this conclusion by analysis of the grammatical categories and semantic distinctions found in these languages, fascinatingly different from those found in European ones.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/sci-lang-faq/index.html (8460 words)

	Indian Culture – languages - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		Indian Culture – languages - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		, Indic language of the Indo-European language family.
		Punjabi developed in the Punjab region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent.
	encarta.msn.com /refedlist_210138746_8/Punjabi.html (30 words)

	Iranian Alert -- August 14, 2003 -- LIVE THREAD PING LIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Iranian officials met with members of the Governing Council as well as several Iraqi clerics and UN special representative on Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello, he said.
		Iranian state television said the council claimed the convention was against syariah law and the Constitution.
		Iranian officials have hinted in recent weeks that, despite misgivings, Tehran will agree to the additional protocol, though western diplomats say a final decision by the leadership has not been reached yet.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/963840/posts (10638 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Altaic
		You have reached the page on Altaic languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 4-30-2002 Azeri (Ural-Altaic), formerly called Azerbaijani -- and not to be confused with Azari, an Iranian language belonging to the Indo-Hittite family of languages --, belongs to the Southwestern Turkic sub-branch of the Turkic sub-branch of the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		The language is spoken in the Chuvash Autonomous Republic.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/altaiclh.htm (2024 words)

	Iran's volatile ethnic mix - Persian Journal Opinion Latest Iran news & Iranian newspaper opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Several northwestern cities in Iran have recently been rocked by demonstrations and riots by ethnic Azerbaijani citizens.
		Last Sunday, thousands of Iranian Azerbaijanis gathered outside Parliament in Tehran to chant in their native Turkic language and demand the rights to operate schools in their own language.
		But promotion of cultural and language rights does not necessarily lead to secession and can sometimes contribute to the stability of the state.
	www.iranian.ws /iran_news/publish/article_15952.shtml (1841 words)

	LINGUIST List 17.2840: Language Description: McLaughlin (2005)
		This LINGUIST List issue is a review of a book published by one of our supporting publishers, commissioned by our book review editorial staff.
		We welcome discussion of this book review on the list, and particularly invite the author(s) or editor(s) of this book to join in.
		as the documentation of a previously unstudied variety of the language.
	linguistlist.org /issues/17/17-2840.html (852 words)

	What is Linguistics?
		When linguists say that languages are related, they're not just remarking on their surface similarity; they're making a technical statement or claim about their history-- namely, that they can be regularly derived from a common parent language.
		The hypothesis that much of the structure of human language is inborn ("built-in") in the human brain, so that a baby learning to talk only has to learn the vocabulary and the structural "parameters" of his native language -- he doesn't have to learn how language works from scratch.
		Sign languages are true languages, with vocabularies of thousands of words, and grammars as complex and sophisticated as those of any other language, though with fascinating differences from speech.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/langFAQ.htm (4159 words)

	[No title]
		Growth- the global economy is at a critical juncture, its fate rest on upgraded IP protection Business Weel 2 7 2005 Patent marks are wealth creating, slashing the cost of innovation and increasing the quantity and quality of goods Kamil Idris, The World Intellectual Property Organization, Intellectual Propery, A Power Tool for Economic Growth.
		Even if HR are normally bad, they do not have to be, it is with this attempt at the impossible that we close with a call from Judith Butler in 2004.
		Iranian intervention in Caspian =s war with Russia Zaborski ’05; TWQ: Reassessing Deterrence, Vol.28, n3, p.153, Summer 05 C.
	www.wfu.edu /~lacyjp/Aff-Big-List-12-04.txt (9261 words)

	List of 75 Languages of Iran
		Below is a list of 75 language groups as reported in the book 1998 Ethnologue.
		Eastern Armenian is spoken in Armenia and its Turkish and Iranian borderlands; Western Armenian is spoken elsewhere.
		KOROSHI \G Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi \PTO 160 to 200 \POP 160 to 200, or 40 to 50 families (Mohamedi)\R Appears to be Baluchi with some features of Farsi.
	www.everytongue.com /iran/all-languages.htm (2896 words)

	Let Me Tell You Where I've Been — June 18, 2006
		But in the twenty seven years since the Iranian revolution, women both in Iran and in the diaspora have written and published in unprecedented numbers.
		PERSIS KARIM was born in the United States to an Iranian father and a French mother.
		She has also written about the Iranian cinema that was produced during the war years, in particular a ten-year long documentary project that brings into question notions of the real, and is working on a documentary about war culture in Tehran.
	www.levantinecenter.org /pages/iranian_women.html (1702 words)

	Graduate Programs in Asian Philosophy and Religion
		It is customary, though not required, that viable candidates will have begun their study of the necessary primary and secondary languages for their chosen field of specialization.
		Acceptance to the field of Asian Religions is contingent upon the agreement of a faculty member to serve as the student's committee chair and principal advisor for the duration of his or her graduate studies.
		The Department of East-Asian Languages has faculty to provide instruction in a full complement of Asian languages, and the Center for Chinese Studies is the largest in the United States.
	www.h-net.org /~buddhism/GradStudies.htm (9708 words)

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