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Topic: List of Pashto languages

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	Languages & Writing Systems - Crystalinks
		Language is an ever evolving process on planet Earth varying from culture to culture and place to place depending on the needs of the civilization that existed at that timeline.
		Language is a system of conventional spoken or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, communicate.
		The languages of North Asia are those spoken from the Arctic Ocean on the north to South Asia and China on the south and from the Caspian Sea and Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
	www.crystalinks.com /languages.html (2691 words)

	Pashto language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pashto is, along with Persian (Dari), one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.
		Pashto is classified within the Eastern Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
		Pashto became one of the official languages of Afghanistan as late as 1936.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pashto_language (997 words)

	Pashto language - Information at Halfvalue.com
		Pashto is classified as an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
		Pashto is spoken by about 28 million people in the western provinces of North-West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Balochistan of Pakistan and by over 13 million people in the south, east, west and a few northern provinces of Afghanistan.
		Pashto is an official and one of the national languages of Afghanistan as of 1936.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Pashto_language (1221 words)

	Pashto language Summary
		Pashto, or Pakhto, is a language that has its origins in the northeastern group of the Iranian languages; it is considered the language of the Pashtun people.
		Pashto speakers in Pakistan range from 16% to as much as 20% of the population (including Afghan refugees), but an accurate census remains elusive due to the tribal and migratory nature of Pashtuns and their habit of secluding women.
		Pashto became one of the official languages of Afghanistan as late as 1936.
	www.bookrags.com /Pashto_language (1282 words)

	Language and Scripts
		The list is intentionally abbreviated for languages written in the Latin script: only a few of the more prominent languages are listed.
		For less common languages it is often difficult to determine the precise list of characters used to write them.
		The "Notes" field lists some countries in which the language is used, especially for lesser-known languages, but is not intended to be exhaustive.
	www.unicode.org /onlinedat/languages-scripts.html (256 words)

	Wiktionary:Multilingual coordination - Wiktionary
		We are aware that many of the world's 6,500 languages are not well-represented on computers or the web, and we are committed to working with language speakers and computing organizations to support as many languages as possible (right to fork).
		The URL of the wiktionary for a given language is xx.wiktionary.org, where xx is the 2-letter language code as per ISO 639.
		For languages without an ISO 639 2-letter language code, the 3-letter language code is used, or if that also does not exist, a custom 3-letter language code is made.
	en.wiktionary.org /wiki/Wiktionary:Multilingual_coordination (672 words)

	Languages of Indus Kohistan
		The term of Dardic or Dadric is used for Şiņa and Kohistani languages for the sake of linguistic identity.
		Urdu is the medium language in educational institutes and Pashto is taught as an optional subject.
		This language is spoken on the west bank of Kohistan in Bankhar, Dober, Jijal, Pattan, Kehal, Seo, Razqa and Khandia valley.
	www.geocities.com /razwal/languages_of_kohistan.htm (1350 words)

	List of languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		List of languages by number of native speakers
		Ethnologue lists about 7,300 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 39,491 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural languages spoken or signed by humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_languages (716 words)

	Languages Spoken in the U.S.
		Languages Spoken in the U.S. Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		An indigenous or autochthonous language is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous peoples.
		The Heritage Language Journal provides a forum for scholars to publish the results of their research and to advance knowledge about educating heritage speakers.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/november/USlanguages.html (645 words)

	Indo-European languages Summary
		Genetically related languages are demonstrably derived from a common ancestor, a "Proto-Language," which, in the case of Indo-European, is thought to have flourished during the fourth–third millennia BCE, before it split up into the daughter languages from which scholars are able to infer its existence.
		Old Indian is represented by Vedic, the language of the sacred literature of Brahmanic religion, and Sanskrit, the highly normed and thus to a degree artificial language of classical Indian literature.
		Not unlike the Romance languages, which are derived from what is commonly called Vulgar Latin, New Indian languages can be seen as continuations of a protolanguage that was close to, without being identical with, an attested language, Sanskrit, which continues to be used as a language of religion and learning.
	www.bookrags.com /Indo-European_languages (3141 words)

	List of languages - Simple English Wikipedia
		This list of languages is alphabetical by English name.
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural and constructed languages spoken by humans.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_languages (174 words)

	National Security Education Program \| Program Preferences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Each year, NSEP publishes a list of geographic areas, languages, and fields of study identified as critical to U.S. national security.
		The lists are developed by NSEP based on a survey of agencies and offices throughout the federal sector.
		Exceptions to Countries, Languages, and Fields of Study: NSEP recognizes that it cannot encompass all countries, languages, and fields of study critical to U.S. national security.
	www.iie.org /programs/nsep/preferences.htm (626 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.2919: Pashto Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pashto belongs to the Indo-European family of languages and is thus distantly related to English.
		Despite the fact that Pashto is written in a variant of Arabic script, and has many loan words, particularly from the Qu'ran, it is not related to that language group.
		Typical Ergative languages, such as Basque or the aboriginal Australian, have the verb agree with the subject in present tense; Pashtu is ergative only in past tense, where the verb agrees with the object." Pashto is the best example of non-typical ergativity.
	linguistlist.org /issues/12/12-2919.html (314 words)

	Essentialist Explanations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		German is essentially a language developed by a group of Teutons who gathered in the forest one day to come up with a language that their enemies would have no chance of grasping.
		Modern Hebrew is the language of the Bible and the Talmud, refurbished by a mad pedant and bastardized by 5 million immigrants.
		Jarda is essentially a relexified Zireen language with a vocabulary derived from the raccoon language Kianarthal.
	mercury.ccil.org /~cowan/essential.html#English (9692 words)

	Native names for languages
		People keep asking me where to find information about how to write a country or language name in the native language and script for links to localized versions of their web pages, so I thought I'd put a list together myself.
		List sources may not always be 100% correct, so caution is advised.
		Note: The source created by Michael Everson appears to (for the most part) provides translations for the phrase 'the X language', rather than the short form that would normally appear in a list of languages.
	people.w3.org /rishida/names/languages.html (510 words)

	W3C I18N FAQ: Script direction and languages
		More generally, just as you research which languages are required to serve different cultures, you may need to investigate the correct script or scripts to use.
		Some of the languages were written in the listed script historically, but are not today.
		These languages were historically written in the listed script, but use another script in modern practice.
	www.w3.org /International/questions/qa-scripts (1185 words)

	Resources for the Study of Pashto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A Grammar of the Puk’hto, Pus’hto, or Language of the Afghans.
		This textbook is a component of “Beginning Pashto,” a set of materials (including a student workbook, teachers’ manual, glossary, and tapescripts) that teaches the Pushto language.
		The language taught is Afghan Pushto, particularly the standard central district dialect spoken in Kabul and in the official media.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /salrc/afghanistan/materials/Pashto.htm (1659 words)

	Learn more about List of languages in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This list of languages is alphabetical by English name.
		For a more structured list, see Language families and languages, ISO 639 or List of languages by total speakers.
		This is a list of natural and constructed languages spoken by humans.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_languages.html (178 words)

	Pashto language and culture
		Pashto is a national language of Afghanistan spoken by over half of the people; it is the language of the Taliban, who now control two-thirds of Afghanistan and who have recently taken control of the capital city of Kabul.
		Languages Spoken in Afghanistan Dari (Farsi), and Pashto are the official languages of Afghanistan.
		The History of Pashto language Pushto is one of the national languages of Afghanistan (Dari Persian is the other).
	www.lonweb.org /link-pashto.htm (1141 words)

	Behind the Name: Language
		A language is a set of words or signals (sounds, gestures, writing) and the rules to combine them which enable a group of individuals to communicate.
		This is due to slow changes in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar that naturally occur over long periods of time.
		One language may split into two different languages (first splitting into dialects) when speakers are separated by physical or cultural barriers for extended periods.
	www.behindthename.com /glossary/view.php?title=language (81 words)

	Resources for Pashto Language
		A dictionary of the Pukkhto or Pukshto language, in which the words are traced to their sources in the Indian and Persian languages by Henry Walter Bellew.
		The 14 lessons accompany, and are correlated with, the twenty-eight units of the authors' "Beginning Pashto" and "Intermediate Pashto" textbooks/workbooks, with one conversation lesson accompanying two units in Beginning or Intermediate Pashto.
		ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics has a complete list of their availability, and where the tapes can be obtained.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/pedagog/pashto (480 words)

	ipedia.com: List of languages Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		More structured lists are also available: Language families and languages, ISO 639 List of languages by writing system, List of languages by tot...
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural and constructed languages spoken by humans.
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_languages.html (203 words)

	I18N::LangTags::List - tags and names for human languages
		The two-letter ISO 639-1 language codes are well known (as ``en'' for English), as are their forms when qualified by a country code (``en-US'').
		Language tags that I judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.
		Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (Samareño), not the smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct Australian language Waray.
	cpan.uwinnipeg.ca /htdocs/I18N-LangTags/I18N/LangTags/List.html (921 words)

	Foreign Language Online Dictionaries and Free Translation links
		There are 6,800 known languages spoken in the 200 countries of the world.
		New languages and dictionaries are constantly being added to yourDictionary.com; as a result, we have the widest and deepest set of dictionaries, grammars, and other language resources on the web.
		If you cannot find the language resources you want on line, yourDictionary now offers 25,000 language resources on tape, video, CD ROM, and in traditional book form for children and adults in cooperation with WorldLanguage.
	www.yourdictionary.com /languages.html (185 words)

	Welcome to Precision Language Services
		The government requires that, in addition to their tribal language, all children learn both Swahili to unite the nation and English to equip them to function in the business world.
		Hebrew is a revived language whose rebirth stems from the Zionist movement that resulted in the establishment of Israel as a nation.
		Although minor languages are not often used for translations of large manuals, hospitals and government facilities located near speaker groups of these languages may have informational brochures translated.
	www.precisionlanguage.com /pages/languageList.html (687 words)

	Jewish-Languages Mailing List: February 2002
		According to the writer the list was meant to illustrate the importance and significance of the order of root letters: The root changes its meaning when the order of the letters is altered.
		Mozarabic, a romance language in the middle ages, was written in Arabic characters and influenced by Arabic.
		I think this phenomenon is comparable to Jewish languages in so far as in both cases a local language is written in Arabic/Hebrew script because of the religious and cultural prestige of that script within the group that uses it.
	www.jewish-languages.org /ml/200202.html (5411 words)

	International Education Programs Service - Universities Address U.S. Needs in Less Commonly Taught Languages
		Students at these centers are studying languages ranging from Pashto (a language of Afghanistan and Pakistan); to Setswana, Sesotho, Xhosa, Zulu, and Afrikaans (five of South Africa’s 11 official languages); to Tagalog (a language spoken by 17 million people in the Philippines).
		Foreign language specialists both inside and outside of government are concerned that the nation’s need for fluent speakers of foreign languages is not yet being met.
		Foreign language specialists often express concern that not enough students are becoming fluent in hard-to-learn foreign languages.
	www.ed.gov /about/offices/list/ope/iegps/lctlanguages.html (1948 words)

	Cover Pages: Code for the Representation of the Names of Languages. From ISO 639, revised 1989.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are relevant to SGML encoding in two respects.
		Second, the WSD (Writing System Declaration) implemented in the Text Encoding Initiative uses the [two-character] language code of ISO 639 (as amended) as a language.code attribute of the nat.language declaration, specifying the language in which the WSD is written.
		The two-character language codes of ISO 639 are recognized as being inadequate for use as SGML language attributes when tagging text, viz, for use as global lang attributes attached to any element to identify the language of the text element or a language shift.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/iso639a.html (687 words)

	Hindi, Urdu, Pashtu, Pashto and English Word List
		Hindi and Urdu are the same spoken language, but are written in entirely different alphabets for religious and political reasons.
		Pashtu, Pashto are Pukhtu really a family of languages, rather than a unified language, spoken by Pathan tribes in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
		This word list may not be perfect, but I wish I had had this with me when I first started traveling in that region of the world.
	www.ishipress.com /wordlist.htm (122 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language - Teaching Materials
		We cover languages in need of revitalization, as is the case with many of the indigenous languages of the Americas, as well as languages that are thriving and gaining strength in this country like Mandarin and Japanese.
		Most LMP language names conform to the MARC standards, which are based on Library of Congress Subject Headings.
		Because the LMP covers less commonly taught languages, often there is a lack of materials for a particular language.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /languages.aspx (872 words)

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