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Topic: List of Polish rulers

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Dukes of Greater Poland

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Casimir IV of Poland

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Casimir I of Poland

Wladislaus III of Poland

	Lists of office-holders - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena
		Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko)
		Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani)
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Lists_of_incumbents (805 words)

	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or the Republic of the Two Nations; in Polish Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; in Lithuanian Žečpospolita or Abiejų tautų respublika; in Latin Regnum Serenissima Poloniae; in Belarusian Рэч Паспалі́тая) was a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569, lasting until 1795.
		To be Polish, in the non-Polish lands of the Commonwealth, was then much less an index of ethnicity than of rank; it was a designation largely reserved for the landed noble class, which included members of Polish and non-Polish origin alike.
		Courland (Polish: Kurlandia), a northern fief of the Commonwealth;
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth (4490 words)

	Wladislaus II of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Jagiellonian era is usually characterised as the start of Poland's "golden age", and saw the country become a major European power and extend its frontiers to the north and east.
		In military terms, his reign is noted for the crushing defeat inflicted on the Teutonic Knights in neighbouring Province of Prussia by Polish, Lithuanian, Smolensk and Tatar forces at the Battle of Grunwald 1410.
		Previously rulers from this dynasty, called Gediminaičiai, were great princes of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and after the Krėva Union, Jogaila adopted both titles (Grand duke of Lithuania and King of Poland).
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Wladyslaw_II_Jagiello (1203 words)

	stanislaw leszczynski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On the restoration of Augustus, Stanislaw resigned the Polish Crown (though he retained the royal title) in exchange for the little principality of Zweibrücken.
		His son-in-law supported his claims to the Polish throne after the death of Augustus II in 1733, which led to the War of the Polish Succession.
		He was first heard of again at Königsberg, whence he issued a manifesto to his partisans which resulted in the formation of a confederation on his behalf, and the despatch of a Polish envoy to Paris to urge France to invade Saxony with at least 40,000 men.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Stanislaw_Leszczynski.html (741 words)

	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or The Commonwealth of the Two Nations, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów in Polish; Belarusian: Рэч Паспалі́тая) was a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, between 1569 and 1795, which was governed by an elected monarch.
		The Crown of the Polish Kingdom (Poland proper), colloquially the Crown.
		The Duchy of Ruthenia was the planned member of the Commonwealth, after it would have been reconstructed to the tripartite Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth, but it never really existed.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/p/po/polish_lithuanian_commonwealth.html (375 words)

	List of Russian rulers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At different times, a ruler in Ruthenia/Kievan Rus'/Muscovy/early Russia/Imperial Russia bore the title of Kniaz (translated as Duke or Prince), Velikiy Kniaz (translated as Grand Duke, Grand Prince or Great Prince), Tsar, Emperor.
		The Patriarchs, heads of the Russian Orthodox Church, also sometimes acted as the leaders of Russia — as, for example, during the Polish occupation and interregnum of 1610—1613.
		See List of leaders of Russia for the continuation of leadership.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_Russian_rulers (240 words)

	Polish rulers and swindled international convention
		Polish versions of such text was sent to some ministries and President of Poland in August 1997, but because of the elections in September 1997 and all turmoil around it, answer from Ministry of Environment Protection came dated 4th Nov.1997.
		Meantime, I revived Polish reservations to the Appendix I: list of plants species, which were declared as not endangered in Poland, and therefore would be not protected.
		Meantime, the standard BN-74/9197-01 was erased from list of standards for obligatory use, but in fact it means nothing, because it is still called by all regulations on inland fishery.
	www.bobsob.com /jastra.htm (2203 words)

	List of Lithuanian rulers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The following is a List of Lithuanian rulers, or a list of kings, dukes, grand dukes, governors and presidents of Lithuania or administrative units, that encompassed the territory of Lithuania during the periods of occupations.
		The part of the list, concerning the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, includes most common English names of incumbents, as well as their Lithuanian, Ruthenian (later Belarusian) and Polish names.
		Because of that, several rulers of Lithuania have different numbers as Lithuanian grand dukes and as Polish kings.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_Lithuanian_rulers (731 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Henry I "the Bearded", Polish Henryk Brodaty (1163-1238) of the Silesian line of the Piast dynasty of rulers, was duke of Lower Silesia from 1201.
		He later on also became duke of Greater Poland from 1232 until his death and thereby senior prince of all Poland.
		Henry I was the successor to duke Boleslaw the Long, who had received the ducal position following the intervention in a succession dispute in the province by the Emperor Frederick I of the Holy Roman Empire in 1163.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/h/he/henry_i_of_poland.html (113 words)

	Kraków - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Before the Polish state existed, Kraków was the capital of the tribe of the, probably linked to the larger polity of.
		In the late 18th century, the weakened Polish state was absorbed by its more politically vigorous neighbors, Russia, Austria, and Prussia.
		It is also home to Jagiellonian University, the first Polish university and one of the oldest and most prominent universities in Central Europe.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Cracow (2085 words)

	POLISH AMERICAN - PART II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Polish immigrants to America between the years 1608 and 1776 were generally adventurers, and their numbers were few.
		Polish emigration from Russian Poland which commenced in 1876 was due in the main to a crop failure, high rate of unemployment in the textile industry due to labor problems, and the institution of universal military service.
		Polish business is developed, associations of the type enumerated in document 140 are formed, affording their members economic advantages, social entertainment, a field for economic cooperation, educational opportunities, help in expressing and realizing their political ideals, and a congenial social milieu in which the desires for recognition and response are satisfied.
	www.clevelandmemory.com /ebooks/polish/part02.html (14220 words)

	Jagiellon dynasty biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Polish, the dynasty is known as Jagiellonowie (singular: Jagiellończyk); in Lithuanian it is called Jogailaičiai (sing.: Jogailaitis), and in Belarusian – Ягайлавічы (Jagajłavičy, sing.: Ягайлавіч, Jagajłavič).
		Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania and the founder of the dynasty in Poland, became king of Poland as Ladislaus II after converting to Christianity and marrying Jadwiga, second of Poland's Angevin rulers.
		Jagiellons were hereditary rulers of Poland and Lithuania.
	jagiellonian.biography.ms (339 words)

	Theodore Beza - The Right of Magistrates Over Their Subjects
		The same principle must also be observed in the duties which men owe to their fellowmen both by the law of God and by the law of nature, for example children to their parents, a wife to her husband, the shepherd to his flock, and in fine one neighbor to another.
		When therefore the duty of the rulers is inquired into, all will admit that it is assuredly right to remind them of their duty and also to admonish them roundly whenever they stray from it.
		When therefore the supreme ruler has become a tyrant, he must be deemed by his own perjury to have freed the people from their oath, and not to the contrary, when the people justly assert their rights against him.
	fly.hiwaay.net /~pspoole/Beza1.htm (9457 words)

	POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Republic of the Two Nations, or Republic of Both Nations (Polish: ''Rzeczpospolita Obojga NarodÃ³w'', Lithuanian: ''Å½eÄpospolita'' or ''AbiejÅ³ tautÅ³ respublika'', Belarusian: ''Ð ÑÑ ÐÐ°ÑÐ¿Ð°Ð»Ñ—ÑÐ°Ñ'' or ''Ð ÑÑ ÐÐ°ÑÐ¿Ð°Ð»Ñ—ÑÐ°Ñ ÐÐ±Ð¾Ð´Ð²ÑÑ ÐÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ñ'', Latin: ''Regnum Serenissima Poloniae'') was a federal monarchyâ“republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania in 1569, lasting until 1795.
		The revolutionary Polish Constitution recast the erstwhile Polishâ“Lithuanian Commonwealth as a unitary_state with a hereditary_monarchy and abolished many of the deleterious features of the old system.
		To be ''Polish'', in the non-Polish lands of the Commonwealth, was then much less an index of ethnicity than of rank; it was a designation largely reserved for the landed_noble_class (szlachta), which included members of Polish and non-Polish origin alike.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth (4174 words)

	Women Rulers - Women in World History Curriculum
		Queen of Egypt, 69-30 B.C. Cleopatra was the ambitious last ruler of the Macedonian Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
		Considering herself a ruler in line with enlightenment ideas, she supported progressive ideas, such as reforms in law, education, and provincial and municipal administration.
		But she ruled as an autocrat and suppressed Polish nationalists, which led to Poland's partition, and took the Crimea and parts of the Black Sea coast from Turkey.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /rulers.html (2005 words)

	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		crown of the Polish Kingdom, popularly the Crown.
		Duchy of Ruthenia was the planned member of the Commonwealth, after the reconstruction to triple state of Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth, that was never applied in practise.
		The term "Commonwealth" is a close translation of the Polish word "Rzeczpospolita", which derives from latin res publica, see "Poland".
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Union_of_Lublin (330 words)

	List of Polish rulers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The best-known dynasties are the Piast (c.962–1370) and Jagiellonian (1386–1572): intervening and subsequent monarchs were often rulers also of neighboring lands, or princes drawn from foreign dynasties.
		Polish kingship ended after the third Partition in 1795, and independence was restored on a republican basis in 1918.
		dismissed by Polish parliament on January 25, 1831 during the November Uprising
	americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_Polish_rulers (409 words)

	Henry II of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Henry the Pious succeeded his father in 1238 and became the most powerful of the all Polish dukes.
		He united majority of Polish teritories - (Silesia, Greater Poland and Little Poland).
		In 1239 supported the pope in his conflict with emperor Frederick II.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Henry_II_of_Poland (185 words)

	List of Estonian rulers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality.
		This is a list of the Governors of foreign states overseeing the territory of present day Estonia, from the time of the Danish occupation starting in 1219 to, but not including, the first period of Estonian independence starting in 1917.
		That is, the Grand masters of the Sword Bretheren of the Teutonic Order, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, and the Tsars of Russia, up to 1917.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_Estonian_rulers (493 words)

	Canadian Slavonic Papers: A Concise History of Poland
		115), and one of the objects of Polish national devotion, the outbreak of the 1830/31 November Uprising, "a reckless and inapt affair" (p.
		It is impressive that two Polish emigre historians not only wrote a very good chapter on communist Poland but also were realistic and impartial enough to state: "The forty-five-year period of communist rule in Poland cannot be simply dismissed as one in which nothing constructive or beneficial was achieved" (p.
		Assimilated Jews could be found among the ranks of Polish patriots, for instance the eminent historian Szymon Askenazy who from 1920 to 1923 represented Poland at the League of Nations." In fact, there were tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of Jews who considered themselves Polish and Jewish at the same time.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3763/is_200209/ai_n9096907 (988 words)

	CHAPTER V
		In other words, they are hierophanies of the Polish identity defended at the price of the civilizing labor of Jan and Cecylia (the first grave), initiated in the Jagiellonian epoch, as well as at the cost of the blood of martyred soldiers of the January uprising.
		The honesty of representatives of the Polish fin-de-siècle -- called modernists in the Polish tradition of literary critique -- was not exhausted in desperate hedonism, in praises of absinth, coffee, punch, champagne, hashish, and lust.
		Polish literature prayed ardently and heretically for a war of nations that was supposed to bring the nation its desired freedom.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-19/chapter_v.htm (12285 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Polish army in 1794 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Temujin, your list seems to be from 1792 and include only Crown regiments (not Lithuanian regiments) also numeration is a little incorrect..
		Please note that in 1793 many units of polish army (for exmaple infantry regiments 8, 10, 12, 14) has been dissolved or annexed by the Russians.
		In the 2nd half of XVIII century polish cavalry was reformed.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2137&PN=1 (911 words)

	Jagiellon dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Polish, the dynasty is known as '''''Jagiellonowie''''' (singular: '''''Jagiellończyk'''''); in Lithuanian languageLithuanian it is called '''''Jogailaičiai''''' (sing.: '''''Jogailaitis'''''), in Belarusian languageBelarusian – '''''Ягайлавічы''''' (''Jagajłavičy'', sing.: '''''Ягайлавіч''''', ''Jagajłavič''), in Hungarian languageHunagarian – '''''Jagellók''''' (sing.: '''''Jagelló'''''), and in Czech languageCzech/ – '''''Jagellonci''''' (sing.: '''''Jagellonský''''').
		Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania and the founder of the dynasty in Poland, became king of Poland as Ladislaus II of PolandLadislaus II after converting to Christianity and marrying Jadwiga of PolandJadwiga, second of Poland's Angevin rulers.
		The former Polish ruling house of Piast (c.962-1370) had ended with the death of Casimir III of PolandCasimir III/.
	www.infothis.com /find/Jagiellon_dynasty (420 words)

	Articles - Piast dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The branches of the Piasts continued to rule Polish splinter duchies in Masovia until 1526 and Silesia until 1675.
		His name was first mentioned in the Chronicle of the Polish dukes by Gallus Anonymous, written in ca 1113.
		Although the early dukes and kings considered themselves Piast's descendants, the term "Piast Dynasty" was invented in the 17th century by the historians, working for a number of rulers who governed their duchies in Silesia.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Piast_dynasty (287 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or the Republic of the Two Nations: in Polish, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; in Lithuanian, Žečpospolita; in Latin, Regnum Serenissima Poloniae; in Belarusian, Рэч Паспалі́тая) was a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569, lasting until 1795.
		Eventually the Commonwealth did make a serious effort to reform its political system, adopting in 1791 the May 3rd Constitution, Europe's first written national constitution and the world's second, after the United States Constitution that began functioning in 1789.
		As a result, in the eastern territories a Polish or Polonized aristocracy dominated a peasantry whose great majority was neither Polish nor Catholic.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth (4131 words)

	Vaal Triangle Info Encylopedia - Prime_Ministers_of_Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The full name of the office is the "President (or Chairman) of the Council of Minsters" (in Polish Prezes Rady Ministrów), but this version is very rarely used in English.
		In Polish the office is usually called Premier.
		Prime Ministers of Polish Government in Exile (1939 - 1990)
	www.vaaltriangleinfo.co.za /wiki/index.php?title=Prime_Ministers_of_Poland (621 words)

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