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Topic: List of Presidents of Ethiopia

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President of Ethiopia

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President

Meles Zenawi

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Haile Selassie of Ethiopia

Ethiopia

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Noor Hassanali

Haile Selassie

Conscription

Leonid Ilych Brezhnev

	Ethiopia
		In 1999 ETA president Taye Woldesemayat was convicted of treason and alleged involvement in an underground terrorist organization and sentenced to 15 years in jail (see Section 6.a.).
		All of the eligible Falashas from Ethiopia have immigrated to Israel.
		The National Committee on Traditional Practices of Ethiopia (NCTPE) conducted a survey that was published in 1998, which indicated that 72.7 percent of the female population had undergone FGM, down from an estimated 90 percent of the female population in 1990.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/af/8372.htm (19984 words)

	friendly dictators
		President Carter tried to cut US ties to WACL, but Ronald Reagan received campaign funds from the group, and WACL became involved with training and supplying contras in Argentina and Taiwan.
		President Reagan claimed Rios Montt was given "a bum rap" by human rights groups, and that he was cleaning up problems inherited from his predecessor, General Romeo Lucas Garcia.
		Trujillo was finally assassinated by the CIA in 1961 after he attempted to have President Romulo Betancourt of Venezuela murdered because of his criticism of Trujillo's brutal regime.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /US_ThirdWorld/dictators.html (9246 words)

	Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2000 - Ethiopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ethiopia continued its transition from a unitary to a federal system of government.
		In June 1999, ETA president Dr. Woldesemayat was convicted of treason and alleged involvement in an underground terrorist organization and sentenced to 15 years in jail (see Section 6.a.).
		In June Tewodros Kassa, editor-in-chief of Ethiopia, was sentenced to 1-year's imprisonment or a penalty fine of approximately $1,800 (15,000 birr) on charges of publishing fabricated news in a story about the disappearance of an OLF member.
	www.usemb.se /human/2000/africa/ethiopia.html (18897 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Ethiopia
		Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world.
		Ethiopia will be compared with Japan (country with a low crime rate) and USA (country with a high crime rate).
		Ethiopia is not an important country in money laundering, precursor chemicals production associated with the drug trade, or in the production of narcotic drugs, although the traditional stimulant, khat, is widely produced and exported throughout the region.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/ethiopia.html (10797 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the circumstances of the wars in Ethiopia, it is almost impossible to gather information except as the guest of one of the warring parties.
		This followed a remark by President Jimmy Carter, who said that he feared US cluster-bomb technology was being exported by "one of our middle east allies" and used by a certain third world country.
		International pressure brought the issue of famine in Ethiopia onto the agenda of the Washington Summit in June 1990, and the combined pressure of Presidents Bush and Gorbachev succeeded in compelling Mengistu to consent to allow Massawa to be opened up for food relief.
	www.hrw.org /reports/archives/africa/ETHIOPIA907.htm (9132 words)

	IPI (International Press Institute)
		Ethiopia was placed on the IPI Watch List at a board meeting on 15 May 2004.
		While the arrest and imprisonment of journalists in Ethiopia has decreased, and there are signs of a new tolerance from ministers, the government's determination to introduce a new press law risks undoing many of the advances and reinforces the belief that strict control of the media is to be preferred over self-regulation.
		Overall, the damage to Ethiopia's credibility in the eyes of the international community will be profound; not to mention the harm done to the country's media, particularly at a time when journalists are vital allies in the fight to expose corruption and improve education and health services.
	www.freemedia.at /cms/ipi/watchlist_detail.html?country=KW0155 (4830 words)

	The Crown Council of Ethiopia
		The Italians, however, failed to recognise that Emperor Menelik II had re-shaped Ethiopia since he came to power in 1889, uniting its various kings and leaders, and creating in the process a substantial army, outnumbering and outperforming the invading Italian professional army of 17,000 to 20,000 men.
		President Anwar as-Sadat totally transformed the education, training, equipment and doctrine of the Egyptian Armed Forces, without Soviet help (Soviet advisors had been expelled in 1972), within six years of the defeat.
		President Nelson Mandela, of South Africa, was awarded the Medal with the Royal Riband by virtue of his stature as a Prince of the Xhosa nation.
	www.ethiopiancrown.org /adwa.htm (2512 words)

	Ethiopia
		For example, in August Dr. Moga Frissa, vice president of an Oromo civic organization, was arrested without a warrant on charges of involvement with the OLF (see Section 1.d.).
		In September Ethiopia and Eritrea agreed that the ICRC would be the supervisory organization for the exchange of expellees or deportees.
		The president of the ETA, Dr. Woldesemayat, was sentenced to 15 years in prison in 1999 for inciting violence.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/af/index.cfm?docid=789 (18927 words)

	Nazret.com EthioBlog
		Ethiopia’s recent progress in this domain was underrepresented as the country has shown a rate of growth of about 9 percent for the past three years and was on course to increase this into double figures in the coming few years.
		Ethiopia was in the top category for “policies of social inclusion and equity” and also in the domain of “economic management”.
		Meanwhile, a specialist in the disease said that contrary to the common belief that cancer was a malady of the affluent, of people in the developed world, it does exist in the country and the number of people with the case is on the rise.
	nazret.com /blog/index.php?...&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1 (1498 words)

	The Development of Human Resource for the Information and Communication Age in Ethiopia
		Ethiopia has many counteracting problems in the efforts toward full development of the human resource capacity in the information and communication technology.
		Ethiopia is very much privileged to host several major international organizations which can build working models and assist in providing resources for development of information and communication networks.
		Ethiopia, on the other hand, has not enjoyed these efforts to the fullest extent due to its own local information environment including cultural, bureaucratic, political, and social barriers; obstacles posed by poor transport, communications and telecommunication infrastructures; the presence of widely scattered rural population; difficulties in obtaining more foreign funds to sustain the crawling systems.
	www.uneca.org /aisi/NICI/country_profiles/ethiopia/ethiopap5.htm (4393 words)

	Violence in the Horn of Africa: Ethiopia vs. Eritrea - Council on Foreign Relations
		Ethiopia, which is wedged between Somalia and Sudan, has also emerged as a regional ally of the United States on issues like counterterrorism and the fight against AIDS.
		Some experts say Ethiopia ’s recent troop buildup is merely an effort to shift attention away from the elections and their violent aftermath.
		If fighting breaks out, the 3,300-member UNMEE (United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea) force on the ground, which acts more as a monitoring force than a combat one, will be largely unable to prevent full-scale war.
	www.cfr.org /publication/9214/violence_in_the_horn_of_africa.html (1452 words)

	La Moneda Palace - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
		Property names are listed in the language in wich they have been submitted by the State Party.
		Of a pure neoclassical style and with Roman Doric influences, the building is an horizontal volume transmitting strength and stability thanks to its rectilinear composition Its main façade faces Moneda street, and its rooms -richly yet soberly furnished- are distributed along transverse and longitudinal axes forming several patios, sources of light and quietness.
		In 1846, at the request of President Manuel Buines, the building turned into the presidential house and seat of government, although until 1922 mintage works were done in it.
	whc.unesco.org /en/tentativelists/1195 (539 words)

	International Ministry Update - Ethiopia 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As Marilyn taught on generational curses, she saw understanding light the eyes of many who began to realize that the sins and iniquities of their fathers, mothers, and grandparents were the cause of many of their present-day problems.
		While Marilyn and her team were ministering in Nazret, Ethiopia's president, Girma Wolde-Giyorgis, was meeting with the patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Abune Paulos, at the very hotel where Marilyn and her team were staying.
		During their meeting, president Girma, a member of the Orthodox Church, was very warm and friendly.
	www.mhmin.org /NewsUse/IMUEthiopia2002.htm (1246 words)

	East Africa After Self-Liberation
		Ethiopia was and still is the country of peasants, they talked about "workers solidarity"...
		Yes, Ethiopia was a monarchy, when each emperor was consired as a father of the people.
		Almost every time African presidents pronounce on the ills of their continent, they reaffirm their commitment to the inviolability of their borders.
	www.angelfire.com /ak/sellassie/page17.html (1464 words)

	News: Congo, IRIN-CEA Weekly Round-up 20 covering the period 15-21 May 1999, News: Eritrea-Ethiopia, IRIN-CEA Weekly ...
		President Laurent-Desire Kabila, marking two years in power on Monday, gave a national address calling for a "general mobilisation...to crush the invaders" and prevent turning the country "into a nation of slaves".
		The president of the self-declared Republic of Somaliland, Mohamed Egal, on Saturday hit out at the international community, saying that aid was being imposed without the involvement of local people which it was intended to benefit.
		Eritrean President Isayas Afewerki on Sunday denied reports that Asmara was evicting the Sudanese opposition National Democratic Alliance (NDA) from Asmara in an effort to improve relations with Khartoum.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/OCHA-64BKKV?OpenDocument (2324 words)

	Female Presidents of Parliaments 1990-99
		In September 1999 the tradition that the presidency of the Senate changed every month was changed, and she elected President for the remaining part of the legislative period.
		1993-2001 President of the Storting Kirsti Kolle Grøndahl, Norway
		Before becoming President of the House of Representative, she was Vice-Chairperson 1966-86 and 1986-91 Chairperson of the Socialist Party, 1996-2003 Chairperson of the Social Democratic Party; Doi Takako is the first prominent female politician in Japan.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Parliaments1990.htm (3506 words)

	Lessons in Repression: Violations of Academic Freedom in Ethiopia
		The chilling effect of the government's tactics is keenly felt on Ethiopia's university campuses, where academics and students are afraid to carry out what is ostensibly their main objective: examining and questioning their social and material surroundings.
		The monetary guarantee is understandable given the devastating effects of the brain drain from Ethiopia, but such a severe financial burden imposed on academics by the government could be arbitrarily applied and may violate university autonomy.
		He was originally on the list of those to be fired in 1993, but believes he was spared because he was so well known.
	hrw.org /reports/2003/ethiopia0103/ethiopia0103-06.htm (3583 words)

	Journalists in Prison 2005
		Prosecutors cited dozens of articles written by the journalist, and listed the titles of several essays in which he called for political reform, increased capitalism in China, and an end to the practice of imprisoning writers.
		President Maumoon Gayoom has come under pressure in recent years to make democratic reforms and open up the press environment.
		Abdoulaye Massalaki, president of Niger's journalist union, told CPJ that preventive detention for journalists charged with defamation is allowed under Niger's 1999 press law.
	www.cpj.org /attacks05/pages05/imprison_05.html (15667 words)

	The worst genocides of the 20th Century
		The arrest of Pinochet in 2000 brings up the issue of which other leaders should be or should have been tried for atrocities committed during their rule.
		Here is a tentative list of modern dictators (and assorted mass murderers) and the estimated number of people killed by their orders (excluding armies they were formally at war with).
		When American presidents decided to bomb the rice fields in North Vietnam, knowing that they would only kill women and children, those are counted as genocide.
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/dictat.html (916 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		My email address is listed in quite a few places on the FOG page, and I believe that's where they get it.
		President Kabila celebrated one year in power, something that not many would have predicted a year ago.
		The government of President Mugabe was under such international pressure over a law restricting the media that it had to pull it from the Parliament for a time.
	www.pairlist.net /pipermail/guinea-list/2002-February.txt (11121 words)

	FAS Email Archives -- Missile Defense Monitor
		Under a 1985 law signed by President Reagan, the United States will destroy its existing chemical weapons stockpile (much of which is nearly 50 years old, and most of which is in danger of leaking or is otherwise unusable) by 2004.
		The President is committed to the CTBT, which would prohibit all nuclear testing and which he signed in September at the United Nations.
		China's representative urged that the discussion not be limited to the three subjects listed by the President.
	www.fas.org /MHonArc/BMDList_archive/msg00051.html (7015 words)

	Ethiopia News - Media Monitoring Service by EIN News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ethiopia African Union (Formerly Organization of African Unity) News
		Ethiopia, Netherlands-based firm ink agreement to explore oil
		Ethiopia: AAU to Table Strategic Plan for Discussion
	www.einnews.com /ethiopia (546 words)

	Heads of government of Ethiopia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		[edit] List of heads of government of Ethiopia
		Workers' Party of Ethiopia Communist Party - only legal party 1984-1990, renounced Marxist-Leninism 7 March 1990
		All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement 1976-1991, socialist, only legal party 1976-1978
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia (101 words)

	Guide and Index to Lists of Rulers
		One motivation is that history is often not taught anymore in terms of dynasties and rulers, since this is thought (by an academic elite comfortably supported by the taxpayers) to be too elitist and too removed from the life of the people.
		The arrangement of these lists thus follows Bryce's principle of universalist ideology, centering on Rome but extending to similar to ideas outside of the Roman world.
		The systematic treatment is as follows in the list below, but the list in the box at right simply gives the actual internet files in which basic historical material, with lists and genealogies, is contained.
	www.friesian.com /histindx.htm (3021 words)

	[No title]
		Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Bush: It has come to my attention that some of your White House staff has indicated that you support continuation of the so-called assault weapons ban of 1994.
		Jack Ryan, someone who did not want to be President, but who was a damn fine President and did not take things sitting down would be the first example role model for you.
		The second would be the President as depicted by Harrison Ford in the movie "Air Force One." When you are sure of who was behind this, Mr.
	www.xmission.com /pub/lists/roc/archive/roc.200109 (15681 words)

	"Cosby in 2008?" by The Editors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Case for Candidacy: A naturally-gifted saleswoman (and what is a president if not national pitchman?), Fiorina rose from sales rep at AT&T to chief executive of Lucent Technologies where she engineered its IPO.
		And while she's part of the Jordanian monarchy, the former Lisa Halaby is also a D.C. native whose father served in the Pentagon and was appointed head of the FAA by President Kennedy.
		Snyder is a moderate who continues to foil Republican challengers in Arkansas with his fiscal conservatism and background as a Marine in Vietnam, and handily won reelection despite voting against the Iraq resolution.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /features/2005/0501.bench.html (1467 words)

	Ethiopia: Human Rights Alert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Attacks by security forces on Addis Ababa University, in Ethiopia's capital, have led to forty-one deaths, hundreds of injuries, and the detention of over two thousand students and scores of government critics since April 17.
		The continuation of sweeping arrests and detention without charges, the closure of universities and colleges, and the imposition of loyalty oaths as a condition of study and scholarship, gravely threatens Ethiopia's proud intellectual heritage, its continuation, and progressive relations between Ethiopia and the United States.
		We hope continuing repression can be reversed, and return Ethiopia to us as a signal beacon of the struggle for freedom for both Africa and America.
	www.africaaction.org /docs01/eth0105.htm (2528 words)

	Ethiopia
		1 Jun 1936 Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Italian Somalia are united
		Official style: Moa Anbesa ze Emnegede Yehuda, N.N., Seyume Egziebher, Neguse/Negeste Negest za Ityopya ("Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, N.N., Elect of God, King/Queen of Kings of Ethiopia").
		9 May 1936 Annexation of Ethiopia by Italy.
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Ethiopia.html (1796 words)

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