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Topic: List of Presidents of Niger

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	President (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A common presidential symbol is the presidential sashes worn by Latin American presidents as a symbol of the presidency's continuity, and presenting the sash to the new president is a key part of the inauguration ceremony.
		President can also be the title of the chief executive at a lower administrative level, such as the parish presidents of the parishes of the U.S. state of Louisiana, the presiding member of city council for villages in the U.S. state of Illinois, or the municipal presidents of Mexico's municipalities.
		In French legal terminology, the president of a court consisting of multiple judges is the foremost judge; he chairs the meeting of the court and directs the debates (and this thus addressed as "Mr President", Monsieur le Président, or appropriate feminine forms).
	ref.podzone.net /en/President.htm (777 words)

	President article - President title Latin chairman executive head state republic legislature - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		President for Life is a title assumed by some dictators to ensure that their authority or legitimacy is never questioned.
		Rather, he or she is called a president in an older sense of the word to denote the fact that he or she heads the cabinet.
		In these countries, the sash is a symbol of the presidency's continuity, and presenting the sash to the new president is a key part of the inauguration ceremony.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Presidents (1857 words)

	President - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under the French Third and the Fourth Republics, the "President of the Council" (of ministers) was the head of government, with the President of the Republic a largely symbolic figurehead.
		In the past this has been one individual state presiding for a six-month period; as of 2007 it will be three states sharing the presidency during their overlapping 18-month terms.
		In French legal terminology, the president of a court consisting of multiple judges is the foremost judge; he chairs the meeting of the court and directs the debates (and this thus addressed as "Mr President", Monsieur le Président, or appropriate feminine forms).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/President (2100 words)

	Nigerian Weekly #2 News Summary Nov. 20, 1999
		PRESIDENT Olusegun Obasanjo yesterday urged members of the university community in the country to embrace dialogue as means of resolving crisis, noting that industrial actions and students' unrest had wreaked untold hardship on the system.
		President Olusegun Obasanjo is spearheading a campaign for the adoption of a "Durban Declaration" by the Commonwealth leaders, asking rich countries to forgive the debt of poor Commonwealth countries.
		President Obasanjo hinted that he made the proposal for the adoption of the Durban Declaration at the Heads of Government meeting and hoped that it would be adopted.
	www.outcrybookreview.com /NigerianNewsS2.htm (16052 words)

	Niger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Niger is a landlocked sub-Saharan country in Western Africa situated north of Nigeria, east of Mali, and south of Algeria and Libya, named after the Niger river.
		Niger was an important economic crossroads, and the empires of Songhai, Mali, Gao, Kanem, and Bornu, as well as a number of Hausa states, claimed control over portions of the area.
		President Mamadou Tandja was re-elected in December 2004 and reappointed Hama Amadou as Prime Minister.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/N/Niger.htm (3664 words)

	Gabon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ruled by autocratic presidents since independence from France on August 17, 1960, Gabon introduced a multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s that allowed for a more transparent electoral process and for reforms of governmental institutions.
		The first president of Gabon, elected in 1961, was, with Omar Bongo as his vice president.
		President El Hadj Omar Bongo was re-elected in December 1998, obtaining 66% of the votes cast.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Gabon (605 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Under the 1979 constitution, the president, who was elected to a 4-year term by direct popular vote, was both head of state and head of government.
		The constitution stipulated that the president must receive an overall plurality of the national vote while attaining a minimum of one-quarter of the vote in at least two-thirds of the 21 states.
		Olusegun Obasanjo (1935–), presided over the preparations for return to civilian rule, which culminated in the promulgation of a new constitution and in the election of a new president, Alhaji Shehu Shagari (1925–), in the summer of 1979.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/nigeria.html (5258 words)

	Ogonna Nnamani
		Nigeria, a British political construct, is located on the Atlantic Coast in West Africa and is bordered by Benin on the west, Niger and Chad on the north and Cameroon on the east.
		President Kennedy initiated the establishment of the Peace Corps in 1961 in order to “assist other countries in their development efforts by providing skilled workers.”
		President Bush’s actions are an indication that there is no longer an interest to constructively develop Nigeria.
	www.stanford.edu /class/e297c/Nigeria.htm (3773 words)

	Nigeria: National Honours - OnlineNigeria.com
		Following a call for nominations by the office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation (SGF) in November 1998, the Government, in January 1999, released the names of 755 Nigerians to be conferred with various categories of the awards.
		All former Presidents and Heads of State, excluding the late General Sani Abacha (who ruled the country from November 1993 to June 1998) were awarded the nation's highest national honour, the Grand Commander of the Federal Republic (GCFR).
		The Merit Award is administered by a Board of Trustees appointed by the President, and is largely insulated from political interference in order to ensure that it retains its enviable position as the highest national award for intellectual and academic excellence.
	www.onlinenigeria.com /links/adv.asp?blurb=71 (1695 words)

	[MLL] Will John Kerry be better than Bush?
		After all, it was a Republican president Abraham Lincoln who fought the American Civil War against the south to end slavery, though this no-doubt provided labour for the capitalist industrialists in the industrialising north at that time.
		In the final analysis, imperialism and imperialist rivalry is the cause of war, especially in the 20th and 21st centuries.
		Wading through the blood, a new breed of popular historian, the journalist in the pay of rich newspaper owners, spun the heroic myths of a supersect called Americanism, which advertising and public relations in the 20th century formalised as an ideology, embracing both conservatism and liberalism.
	www.mail-archive.com /marxist-leninist-list@lists.econ.utah.edu/msg04403.html (1970 words)

	The Institute for Ethics and Economic Policy (IEEP) at Fordham University
		Former President Shehu Aliyu Shagari have said that corruption abetted by debilitating poverty, ethnicity and intolerance are the factors hindering free and fair elections in Nigeria.
		President Olusegun Obasanjo has stated that his country required reconstruction when his government came to power and the negative economic effect of the Kaduna state riots of last year set the nation back several months.
		Newswatch gathered that the presidency had solicited and gotten a sizeable number of senators to support a motion that Okadigbo and Haruna Abubakar, his deputy, should step down and that a panel be set up to look into the allegations in the audit report.
	www.fordham.edu /economics/vinod/cie/nigeria.htm (14009 words)

	Democratic Socialist Movement: Socialist Democracy August- September2005
		The new president, Eduardo Rodriguez, may have reached a truce agreement with COB (Bolivia's militant trade union organisation) and Fejuve (Federation of Neighbourhood Associations - that organises poor city dwellers in El Alto, La Paz's poor neighbour) but Bolivia's ruling class is far from in control of the situation.
		For Students' Union on its part, the incumbent president and a majority of the executives were handpicked and remain surrogates of the school authority hence the lack of any form of opposition against the anti-people policies and programmes of the school authority.
		The student activists who fought against the attempt by the authorities to impose student leaders on students have receded from the scene of activism probably for fear of victimization as the vice chancellor is renowned for victimizing genuine student leaders and even intimidates them with 'anti-cult' group outfit, who move freely with guns on campus.
	www.socialistnigeria.org /paper/2005/aug-sept/fulltext.html (14716 words)

	Atiku Abubakar: Inside story of how he fell - OnlineNigeria.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to him, President Obasanjoâs military background must have been largely responsible for his dictatorial tendencies which in turn created a wide gap between them, especially during their second term in office.
		Vice President, we have had the opportunity of listening to aspirants talk loftily about their programmes and how well they mean for Nigerians but once they get to office, nothing happens.
		But then, all that one will not stop me from becoming a president and if the Nigerian people say I should be president and this had been my attitude to life all along and if you do not go through these challenges, it would not prepare you for leadership.
	nm.onlinenigeria.com /templates/?a=9159&z=17 (4372 words)

	sociology - Nigeria
		It borders on Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, Niger in the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the south.
		Forest and woodland occurs chiefly in the southern third of the country, which is affected by seasonal rains from the Atlantic which occur from June to September.
		Nigeria is divided roughly in three by the rivers Niger and Benue, which flow through the country from north-east and north-west to meet roughly in the centre of the country near the new capital city of Abuja.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Nigeria (1447 words)

	Guinea - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It borders Guinea-Bissau and Senegal on the north, Mali on the north and north-east,the Ivory Coast on the south-east, Liberia on the south, and Sierra Leone on the west.
		Itsterritory encompases the water source for the Niger, Senegal, and Gambia rivers.The name Guinea (geographically assigned to most of Africa's westcoast, south of the Sahara desert and north of the Gulf of Guinea) originates from Berber and roughly translates into 'land of the fls.'
		Independent from France since 1958, Guinea didnot hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. Lansana Conté (head of the military government) was elected president in disputed balloting.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Gn (430 words)

	Welcome To Nigeria - The President's Speeches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		President Obasanjo appoints liaison officer for Darfur, Somalia
		President Obasanjo appeals for clemency for convicted Nigerian in Singapore
		President Obasanjo briefed on Lake Chad, Bakassi demarcation
	www.nigeria.gov.ng /AsoRockNews.aspx (1299 words)

	[CTRL] Israel's Nuclear Weapons
		After Egypt's President Nasser closed the Straits of Tiran in 1953, Israeli Prime Minister Ben-Gurion ordered the development of chemical munitions and other unconventional munitions, including nuclear.[13] Six weeks before the Suez Canal operation, Israel felt the time was right to approach France for assistance in building a nuclear reactor.
		President Nasser received from the Soviet Union a questionable nuclear guarantee instead and declared that Egypt would develop its own nuclear program.[43 ] His rhetoric of 1965 and 1966 about preventive war and Israeli nuclear weapons coupled with overflights of the Dimona rector contributed to the tensions that led to war.
		President Johnson overruled the State Department concerning Dimona inspections.[52] Although denied at the time, America delivered the F-4Es, on September 5, 1969, with nuclear capable hardware intact.[53] The Samson Option states that Moshe Dayan gave the go-ahead for starting weapon production in early 1968, putting the plutonium separation plant into full operation.
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg49290.html (5735 words)

	The President's Daily Brief
		This was an unintentionally ironic turn of phrase, since the original use of the words "family jewels" in the CIA context referred to the internal compilation of agency "horrors" put together in the early 1970s after press reports of CIA assassination plots, and use of psychotropic drugs on unsuspecting victims.
		The President is not the CIA's "client." Even the intelligence community uses the term "customer" not "client," because the CIA is precluded from making policy recommendations to the President.
		Its staff director, Eleanor Hill, reported to Congress that "According to the DCI [George Tenet], the President's knowledge of intelligence information relevant to this Inquiry remains classified even when the substance of that intelligence information has been declassified." (Note 20) This is the ultimate coverup line.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB116/index.htm (4277 words)

	allAfrica.com: Debate
		While Obasanjo was widely expected to win, the margin of his victory, and the unseating of other non-PDP candidates in their strongholds have raised doubts among observers and fury in the campaign headquarters of the All Nigerian People's Party (ANPP), Alliance for Democracy (AD) and other parties.
		A man of honour of President Obasanjo's status (if at all he is), would have resigned honourably and allude to his failure thus ridiculing any attempt by disloyal entities and political rogues and jobless retired soldiers from having the moral motivation to vie for elected positions in this current democratic dispensation.
		I strongly believe that Nigerians are very lucky to have Obasanjo as their president but we are too much in a hurry, we are always expecting miracles where it requires a little patience - we seems to have forgeten where we were when Obasanjo came in.
	fr.allafrica.com /specials/nigeria_elections2003/debate/en/index.html?full_response=1 (15628 words)

	Talking Points Memo: by Joshua Micah Marshall: June 27, 2004 - July 03, 2004 Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The bulk of the administration except for the president was adamantly opposed.
		They would probably list everything from the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the growth of international terror and the nexus between that and weapons of mass destruction, the great disparity between the haves and have-nots and the development of the third and fourth world, the spread of epidemics and pandemics like AIDS.
		Indeed, with no little pressure from Vice President Cheney, it was based on that and a subsequent report from the Italians that Joe Wilson was sent to Niger in the spring of 2002.
	www.talkingpointsmemo.com /archives/week_2004_06_27.php (7759 words)

	USAfricaonline.com \| Insight \| Nigeria \| Amuta
		Put simply, the priority issue that ought to inform the search for and choice of the next president is national security and stability in their fullest meaning.
		The septuagenarian mascot has mandated the very governors of his ruling party most of whom he had marked down for mass imprisonment to hurriedly fish among their ranks for a successor to his throne.
		First, the next president must possess the strength of character to take charge of Nigeria and protect every inch of its territory from the forces of instability.
	www.usafricaonline.com /nigeriaprez.chidiamuta.html (3007 words)

	Pakistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		General Ayub Khan was the president from 1958 to 1969, and General Yahya Khan from 1969 to 1971.
		Her government was followed by that of Nawaz Sharif, and the two leaders alternated until the military coup by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999.
		Nation-wide parliamentary elections were held in October 2002, with the PML-Q winning a plurality of seats in the National Assembly of Pakistan, and Zafarullah Khan Jamali of that party emerging as Prime Minister.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pakistan (5437 words)

	THE BELGRAVIA DISPATCH: The NYT and the Niger/Uranium Story
		One official from Niger speculated that the meeting was about Iraq's desire to purchase uranium, but we know from that SAME official that uranium was not discussed.
		Uranium, of course, is Niger's major export and the only one that is profitable to export any farther than to a neighboring country, which makes it obvious to our commmenters that there must have been so many more productive things to talk about shipping thousands of miles away than usanium.
		You are right that Niger and the other African nations are not diplomatic powerhouses, but, in the surrealism that the OFF-influenced UNSC had become, the votes were so closely divided that the major powers were all lobbying African nations for the deciding votes.
	www.belgraviadispatch.com /archives/004689.html (11780 words)

	African Politics and Government on the Internet
		The final report, including preface and a list of participants, is in one 12 page document.
		on Africa of its President, Fred Oladeinde, speeches from the Africa Leadership Forum (Botswana) - Democratization of African Parliaments and Parties: July 1998, the Feb.1999 Report of the American Election Monitors to thre Presidential Election in Gabon, the newsletter of their Institute for Democracy in Africa.
		Purpose: to "devise African-based solutions to Africa's problems" President of the FAF is George B.N. Ayittey, Ph.D. Commentary on African politics, U.S. and France's relations with Africa, the World Bank and Africa.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/poli1.html (8850 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The World Factbook is not a gazetteer (a dictionary or index of places, usually with descriptive or statistical information) and cannot provide more than the names of the administrative divisions (in the Government category) and major cities/towns (on the country maps).
		Taiwan is listed after the regular entries because even though the mainland People's Republic of China claims Taiwan, elected Taiwanese authorities de facto administer the island and reject mainland sovereignty claims.
		In the future, such a category may be adopted listing the extremes, but also adding a normal temperature range found throughout most of a country’s territory.
	www.odci.gov /cia/publications/factbook/docs/faqs.html (2415 words)

	ENB @ CCD COP-5
		Hugo Chavez Frias, President of VENEZUELA, expressed concern at the current military response to the terrorist attacks in the US, and said lasting peace will only be achieved by addressing poverty, inequality and injustice, which he said were the causes of violence.
		President Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, Cape Verde, said the success of the CCD depends on political will and a predictable financial mechanism such as the GEF.
		Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger, highlighted his country’s difficulties in addressing desertification, and called for urgent CCD implementation, particularly stressing the role of the international community in providing technological and financial assistance to Africa.
	www.iisd.ca /desert/cop5/mon0810.html (1039 words)

	The Fordham Institute for Ethics and Economic Policy (FIEEP) at Fordham University
		But for the position of deputy senate president, the list was longer.
		When Kuta left the venue of the caucus meeting, he was believed to have gone to the presidency with a copy of the report before returning to the assembly later that morning to meet his colleagues and to round up the assignment.
		Unfortunately, the person who received the presidency´s copy allegedly made excerpts and gave it to the Tribune reporter covering the state house The paper gloating over its scoop made an almost verbatim report of the findings and recommendations of the panel in its Tuesday edition.
	www.fordham.edu /economics/vinod/Nigeria.htm (14755 words)

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