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Topic: List of Presidents of Pakistan

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	Presidents of Pakistan [Archive] - PakDef Forums
		The monarch was represented in Pakistan by a Governor-General of Pakistan.
		The constitution was revised, and the President became the ruler of Pakistan.
		NB: The head of state of Pakistan before 1956 was the King of Pakistan and before 1947 was the Emperor of India.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/archive/index.php/t-6651.html (725 words)

	President - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A common presidential symbol is the presidential sashes worn by Latin American presidents as a symbol of the presidency's continuity, and presenting the sash to the new president is a key part of the inauguration ceremony.
		President can also be the title of the chief executive at a lower administrative level, such as the parish presidents of the parishes of the U.S. state of Louisiana or the municipal presidents of Mexico's municipalities.
		In French legal terminology, the president of a court consisting of multiple judges is the foremost judge; he chairs the meeting of the court and directs the debates (and this thus addressed as "Mr President", Monsieur le Président, or appropriate feminine forms).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Presidents (2429 words)

	An inside look at the changes in Pakistan - The Boston Globe
		Such insider stories have elevated this book to the bestseller list in India, where newspapers have carried some of its juiciest tales, but it's harder to find in Cambridge, where Abbas is a visiting scholar at Harvard Law School and a doctoral candidate at Tufts' Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
		This, one senses, is the point of all the drama and history that Abbas regales his readers with, across the decades and fiascoes of Pakistan's often back-stabbing, and occasionally virtuous, political and military leaders.
		If Pakistan is to be saved from intolerant mullahs, it must make peace with India on Kashmir and reduce the role of the military in politics, despite the strong US support for Musharraf, a key ally in the war on terror.
	www.boston.com /ae/books/articles/2004/11/17/an_inside_look_at_the_changes_in_pakistan (837 words)

	friendly dictators
		President Carter tried to cut US ties to WACL, but Ronald Reagan received campaign funds from the group, and WACL became involved with training and supplying contras in Argentina and Taiwan.
		President Reagan claimed Rios Montt was given "a bum rap" by human rights groups, and that he was cleaning up problems inherited from his predecessor, General Romeo Lucas Garcia.
		Trujillo was finally assassinated by the CIA in 1961 after he attempted to have President Romulo Betancourt of Venezuela murdered because of his criticism of Trujillo's brutal regime.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /US_ThirdWorld/dictators.html (9246 words)

	Afghanistan: Kabul's India Ties Worry Pakistan - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pakistan was handed the chance to tear away Afghanistan from Indian influence when Pakistan-based and -supported mujahedin groups gained power in Kabul in 1992.
		Reluctantly, Pakistan was forced to work with a Kabul government that not only had unprecedented international support, including the presence of NATO and other Western military forces, but also one which began rekindling the traditional pro-India policy followed by pre-1992 Afghan governments.
		Pakistan charges that with its presence in Afghanistan, India is encircling Pakistan with consulates and commandos and is financing militant organizations in FATA of Waziristan and is providing training and funds to the Baluchistan Liberation Army -- a tribal militant organization established in the 1970s.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2006/04/b5bfe0be-ed5d-43de-a768-99a6ab1e6c5c.html (1325 words)

	Explosive Secrets from Pakistan - Council on Foreign Relations
		Pakistan was the staging arena for the U.S.-funded insurgency, which included Osama bin Laden and Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar, to defeat the Soviet Red Army after it invaded Afghanistan in 1979.
		The only real guarantee for Pakistan's future as a stable partner in the region is to invest in Pakistan's civil society, which is neither militant in its Islamic belief nor a supporter of hard-line Islam.
		The nuclear controversy could be an unexpected benefit for Pakistan if it persuaded Islamabad's Western allies to focus on strengthening the civil society by investing heavily in the dilapidated public education system and not in madrasas, and by distancing themselves from the military.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=6730 (1310 words)

	Pakistan Think Tank
		The Raison d'être of Pakistan: A Constructivist Rendering of Partition
		Emperor Hirohito dreamt of it, Hitler strived for it, but it was the American President Harry Truman who on July 16, 1945 set the nuclear genie loose in the deserts of Los Alamos.
		In Pakistan, the message has failed to register and the result is one of the highest rates of illiteracy with the country languishing at the bottom of the socio-economic heap.
	www.pakistanthinktank.org (1039 words)

	Pakistan: ‘The crazy soup’ - Nightly News with Brian Williams - MSNBC.com
		The issue is very sensitive. Pakistan, or at least some elements of the Pakistani government, has been very helpful in the war on terror, but other elements of the Pakistani government have participated in single most dangerous proliferation of nuclear weapons in the atomic age.
		Pakistan is more historically unstable than any other nuclear nation, regularly the subject of both violent and non-violent military coups.
		The easiest way for al-Qaida to gain control of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons would be for them or their allies, Jaish E Mohammed, to kill Musharraf and take over the country in a civil war or, more likely, have radical Islamic elements of the Pakistani army mount a coup.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/4216102 (2990 words)

	Allama Mashriqi- Scholar and Founder of the Khaksar Movement
		Allama Mashriqi (Inayatullah Khan) was born on August 25, 1888 and died in Lahore, Pakistan on August 27, 1963.
		He was a genius and broke records at Punjab University in Pakistan and Cambridge University in England.
		Allama Mashriqi was educated at the Punjab University at Lahore, Pakistan and later went on to Cambridge University in England.
	allama-mashriqi.8m.com (3507 words)

	F-16 issuse to be raised in talks -DAWN - National; 29 November, 2004
		ISLAMABAD, Nov 28: President Gen Pervez Musharraf will hold one-hour talks with US President George W. Bush at the White House on December 4 during a 'technical stopover' for the refuelling of his aircraft on his way back from Latin American tour, it is learnt.
		President Musharraf is also expected to draw attention of his American counterpart to the omission of other important military equipment on Pakistan's shopping list from the Pentagon-approved package under the FMS.
		President Musharraf's last meeting with Mr Bush was in September on the sidelines of the UN session in New York.
	www.dawn.com /2004/11/29/nat7.htm (507 words)

	Chronology of prime ministers -DAWN - National; 27 June, 2004
		The tenure of presidents with military background in the country comes to more than half of the country's life while the elected presidents and prime ministers on an average spent a little over two years in office.
		President Maj-Gen Iskander Mirza during his reign from March 23, 1956 till March 27, 1958 and as acting governor-general, claimed the scalps of five prime ministers including Mohammad Ali Bogra, Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy, I.I. Chundrigar and Malik Firoz Khan Noon.
		President Gen Pervez Musharraf assumed power through a military coup on October 12, 1998 and dismissed the government of an elected prime minister Nawaz Sharif.
	www.dawn.com /2004/06/27/nat1.htm (1150 words)

	U.S. and Pakistan Should Both Press Human Rights (Human Rights Watch Press release, New York, June 21, 2003)
		"President Bush is in a unique position to influence General Musharraf on Pakistan's poor human rights record," said Brad Adams, Asia Division Director of Human Rights Watch.
		These amendments dramatically strengthen the power of the presidency, formalize the role of the army in governance, and diminish the authority of elected representatives.
		President Bush has repeatedly said that the war against terrorism is a war of values, but has been unwilling to speak out in favor of those values with close anti-terror allies such as General Musharraf.
	www.hrw.org /press/2003/06/pakistan062103.htm (570 words)

	Afghanistan/Pakistan: 'Inseparable Twins' In Need Of Separation - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During his recent trip to Islamabad, Afghan President Hamid Karzai said Afghanistan and Pakistan are "joined together like twins" and are "inseparable." But for all the diplomatic gestures, relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are now at their lowest ebb since the demise of the Taliban regime in late 2001.
		The confusion that followed Afghan officials' announcement that they had given Pakistan a list of 150 former Taliban members living in Pakistan seemed, therefore, to be symptomatic of a broader divergence in views between the two countries.
		The support that Pakistan is alleged to be providing the neo-Taliban is therefore part of a long-term strategy that predates the current war on terrorism and overreaches Musharraf's stated goodwill towards the Karzai government.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2006/02/EB699008-7C75-4447-BAB1-7F6ECB83A9B2.html (1094 words)

	Review of The American Papers: Secret and Confidential India-Pakistan-Bangladesh Documents.
		The internal situation in Pakistan is the subject of several documents, and the State Department's (undated) telegram to the Embassy in New Delhi (repeated to the Embassy in Islamabad and Consulate General in Dacca) involving the withdrawal of Indian troops from Bangladesh are among other reports.
		Lastly, for 1973, the activities of President Bhutto, his capabilities and inadequacies, Pakistani foreign policy changes, the adoption of the constitution, the shipment of Soviet-made weapons to the Iraqi Embassy in Islambad (a Soviet-Indian conspiracy?), and divergent American and Pakistan views on security threat perceptions are considered.
		Pakistan's foreign relations, government, and politics are characterized by Bindra (1988), R.A.F. Khan (1992), and Singh (1970), while the Pakistani perspective of the 1971 revolution is described by Husain (1996).
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/reviewsw66.htm (2640 words)

	Fifty-nine Deceits in Fahrenheit 911, Dave Kopel, Independence Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thus, on election night 1980, when incumbent President Jimmy Carter gave a concession speech while polls were still open on the west coast, the early concession was blamed for costing the Democrats several Congressional seats in the West, such as that of 20-year incumbent James Corman.
		The president is also captured in a well-worn TV news clip, on a golf course, making a boilerplate response to a question on terrorism and then asking the reporters to watch his drive.
		Also, since the President knew he was on camera, it was reasonable to expect that if he had suddenly sped out of the room, his hasty movement would have been replayed incessantly on television; leaving the room quickly might have exacerbated the national mood of panic, even if Bush had excused himself calmly.
	www.davekopel.com /Terror/Fiftysix-Deceits-in-Fahrenheit-911.htm (13105 words)

	Asia Pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ahmadinejad, 48, who won an election in June pledging to be a "people's president" and friend of the poor, had to provide the list to the head of the judiciary in accordance with the country's constitution.
		US President George W. Bush announced his resolutions for the year ahead of the celebrations there: to work for peace and prosperity and, in the short term, to watch a bit of American college football.
		President Jacques Chirac spoke of the unrest during his annual New Year's Eve television address and urged the French to do more to fight racism and a lack of opportunities in poor neighborhoods - problems that fed frustrations among young rioters.
	independent-bangladesh.com /news/jan/02/02012006ap.htm (7201 words)

	Amazon.com: The President of Good and Evil: The Ethics of George W. Bush: Books: Peter Singer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Given that a president must make policy decisions in which these concepts are critical -- for example, on stem cell research -- it would help to have some articulate awareness of what they involve and how to apply them.
		Bush began his presidency lamenting the injustice of children born to poverty and disadvantage: "And this is my solemn pledge: I will work to build a single nation of justice and opportunity." Yet his enormous cuts in taxation clearly entail the withdrawal of resources from social programs that would help ameliorate such problems.
		His position on stem cell research, which stressed the absolute sanctity of life, even in the form of frozen embryos, sits ill with his cavalier attitude toward capital punishment, in which innocent people are not infrequently sent to their death, and with his ready acceptance of "collateral" civilian casualties in time of war.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0525948139?v=glance (3540 words)

	Paul Kengor & Cory L. Shreckengost on Ex-Presidents on National Review Online
		At a time when the sitting president is practically begging for fair coverage of Iraq's reconstruction and the war on terror generally, Bill Clinton has stepped to the cameras to question George W. Bush's very understanding of the world's present dangers.
		Reuters reported the former president as saying, "In his campaign, Bush had said he thought the biggest security issue was Iraq and a national missile defense.
		At any rate, the total number of hits can be fairly effective in signaling how much a president and his administration focused on a particular person or subject; it can reflect priorities quite effectively.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/kengor-shreckengost200311030812.asp (1013 words)

	LAWSO 160 Keywords: Pakistan (42) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pakistan, as an independent country, was established in 1947.
		East Pakistan was unhappy with the system and war broke out between the two regions.
		Over Pakistans history martial law has prevailed longer than any formal government and Islam does not seem to be helping to alleviate this problem.
	home.earthlink.net /~garrickl/KEY_42.htm (736 words)

	The Saddam Oil Bribes: the complete al-Mada list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The table lists vertically the names of countries and the names of the beneficiaries, be they individuals or companies.
		Horizontally, it lists the stage of the Memorandum of Understanding and the allocations given to beneficiaries in millions of barrels.
		Quickly scrolling down the list is a real shocker, not that the names are recognizable, since in all but a few cases I haven't a clue who or what they are.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1068890/posts (4115 words)

	State Bank of Pakistan
		In compliance with the provisions contained in Section 8 (3) of the SBP Act 1956, State Bank of Pakistan, have to ensure availability of the adequate and timely banking credit to the Agricultural Sector, besides creating awareness and uplifting the living standard of the rural community.
		State Bank of Pakistan introduced Agricultural Loans Scheme in 1972 as a part of its regulatory/monitoring and supervisory responsibilities.
		The said scheme was introduced through different instructions/circulars/amendments/rules issued by the State Bank of Pakistan from time to time.
	www.sbp.org.pk /acd/C2096.htm (723 words)

	2005: November - February Political Notes - Richard Stallman
		The president of the Philippines declared an emergency to cancel protests accusing her of stealing the election.
		President Morales of Bolivia appears to be adopting right-wing policies on many issues, contrary to what he promised the people who elected him.
		Polar bears are being considered for the endangered species list (in response to a lawsuit) because their habitat, arctic sea ice, is melting away.
	www.stallman.org /archives/2005-nov-feb.html (12410 words)

	Female Presidents of Parliaments 1990-99
		In September 1999 the tradition that the presidency of the Senate changed every month was changed, and she elected President for the remaining part of the legislative period.
		1993-2001 President of the Storting Kirsti Kolle Grøndahl, Norway
		Before becoming President of the House of Representative, she was Vice-Chairperson 1966-86 and 1986-91 Chairperson of the Socialist Party, 1996-2003 Chairperson of the Social Democratic Party; Doi Takako is the first prominent female politician in Japan.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Parliaments1990.htm (3502 words)

	Pravda.RU The Presidents of Russia and Pakistan Will Discuss Bilateral Relations and International Problems
		During the official visit to Russia by the President of Pakistan, which will start on Tuesday, it is envisaged to continue "the dialogue on a broad range of bilateral, regional and international problems." Official spokesman for the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Alexander Yakovenko spoke about it on Monday in an interview with RIA Novosti.
		Russian president Vladimir Putin demanded that all the necessary measures be taken to ensure security in connection with the preparation of the constitutional referendum in Chechnya.
		President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation is to fly over on a three-day working visit to Kiev January 27.
	newsfromrussia.com /politics/2003/02/03/42897.html (2012 words)

	New bin Laden Tape - Movie-List Forums
		At the time of the attacks, the president was listening to schoolchildren in Florida reading a book.
		He said the resemblance became clear when Bush's father was president and visited Arab countries.
		U.S. authorities have long said they believe bin Laden is hiding in a rugged, mountainous tribal region of Pakistan that borders Afghanistan, but there has been no firm evidence of his whereabouts for three years.
	www.movie-list.com /forum/showthread.php?p=89853 (1829 words)

	Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion
		Yet Pakistan today ranks as one of the highest in the list of countries whose citizens have opted to make that fateful move to the West.
		It is, therefore, ironic that Pakistan is now being branded as a terrorist-supporting state by the US, which has sponsored and aided more terrorist organisations in the world to suit its realpolitik interests at home and abroad.
		Once again, the situation in Pakistan is not unique to the country alone: Pakistan being held hostage to the vicissitudes of global political struggles is symptomatic of the weakness and vulnerability of the Muslim world at large.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Letters/2001/Apr/20/08.html (926 words)

	BIHAR SYNDROME AND PAKISTAN
		Yet another was the ouster of the Nawaz Sharif government by the same president three years later (in 1993), and its legal and physical reinstatement by the court shortly thereafter.
		The polls brought Benazir Bhutto back to power for her second stint as PM of Pakistan only to be dismissed again four years later by President Leghari, her own hand-picked crony for the august office.
		Adding sternly: “However powerful the person or office of the Pakistan President might be he was duty bound to act with prudence and take steps in life on solid foundations and reasons understandable by common people”.
	www.samarthbharat.com /biharsyndrome.htm (1053 words)

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