| |
| | [No title] |
 | | Nevertheless, because of the trend toward extinction among American Indian languages, their study is increasingly aimed at three goals: (a) interpreting written data on extinct languages, (b) obtaining data from the last speakers of obsolescent languages, and (c) encouraging the maintenance of languages still spoken by substantial communities. |
 | | Some languages also specify the instrument of an action, generally by prefixation, as with Pomo phi-de- ‘to move by batting with a stick,’ phu-de- ‘to move by blowing,’ pha-de- ‘to move by pushing with the end of a stick.’ (i) Some languages have constructions called evidentials, indicating the source or validity of the information reported. |
 | | The languages concerned are Karuk, classified as Hokan; Yurok and Wiyot, of the Macro-Algonkian phylum; and Hupa and Tolowa, of the Athabaskan family. |
| www.ncidc.org /bright/almanac_00-4-8.doc (8728 words) |
|