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Topic: List of Succession to the Spanish Throne

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	International Encyclopedia of Military History
		SPANISH SUCCESSION, WAR OF (1701-14), was fought in Europe by the Grand Alliance (England, Austria, Holland, Portugal, and several German states) against France, Spain, Savoy, and Bavaria.
		The period from 1704 to 1708 was equally difficult for Spanish and French forces in Iberia and the Mediterranean.
		Despite this success in Spain, the French were not going to win, as long as the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugène continued to grind the French down in the north.
	www.routledge-ny.com /ref/intlmilitaryhistory/spanish.html (2255 words)

	List of Spanish monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a list of Spanish monarchs - that is, rulers of united Spain.
		Joanna's son, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, succeeded her on the throne of Castile; and he also succeeded his grandfather Ferdinand on the Aragonese throne when Ferdinand died in 1516 ; thereafter the thrones were united.
		The Spanish kings of the House of Bourbon were descended from the French royal family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs (1019 words)

	Online dictionary - Juan Carlos of Spain
		His Majesty King Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón), styled HM The King (born January 5, 1938 in Rome, Italy), is the reigning King of Spain, as his grandfather Alfonso XIII was until the advent of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931.
		This was ended by the Spanish Civil War and followed by the dictatorship of Francisco Franco until his death on November 20 1975.
		His annual speech to the nation on Christmas Eve is transmitted by most Spanish television channels.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Juan_Carlos_of_Spain (838 words)

	History in Focus: Elizabeth I and James VI and I - review of The Right to be King
		This was another early attempt to define laws of succession, and it is striking that it emerged from a dynasty in turmoil, one only recently established on a throne, one which had implicitly accepted the law of election in order to advance to royal rank and one which was divided by profound familial strife.
		The rights of Karl Xl to his father's throne were not questioned, but Karl X Gustaf's will was overturned in order to restrict the political influence of his widow on the regency council for her underaged son and to exclude, contrary to the dead king's wishes, his brother from the council entirely.
		Secondly, while succession by nomination retained juridical validity into the eighteenth century, the successful candidate, as was so frequently the case, had to belong to the pool of princes perceived by the political nation as having some blood right to the crown.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/Elizabeth/revnenner.html (5984 words)

	RussianImperialSuccession
		His adherents seem to ignore the fact that the succession laws required each dynast to be born of an equal marriage, that is, born of a marriage of a dynast to a spouse of royal birth (or, to be more precise, to a spouse who was a member of a royal or sovereign dynasty).
		For at least the last 80 years of the monarchy, male dynasts were listed in the court calendar by primogeniture in the order of their succession to the throne, while female dynasts were listed according to other criteria unrelated to the succession.
		Under the succession laws, as amended in 1886, dynasts who were sons and grandsons of an emperor had the title of Grand Duke, and dynasts of more distant descent (that is, great-grandsons and their descendants) had the title of Prince of Russia.
	www.riuo.org /RussianImperialSuccession/russianimperialsuccession.html (14167 words)

	Regiments of the British Army: Overview
		Most the regiments raised for King William's war were disbanded by 1698, and when he died in 1702 he was beginning to rebuild the army to meet the French challenge in the War of the Spanish Succession.
		Two regiments commanded by colonels Howard were distinguished as the Buff Howards and the Green Howards from the colour of their facings, and the units eventually came to be officially known as The Buffs and The Green Howards.
		(Use the 1781 supplementary list in conjunction with the list for 1760.
	www.regiments.org /regiments/uk/lists/bargts.htm (4006 words)

	Chapter 16: A History of Spain and Portugal, vol. 2
		Spanish America held fast from foreign assault, and its further development after mid-century was a major factor in the later advance of the Spanish economy.
		The War of the Spanish Succession, from 1702 to 1714, was made almost inescapable by the mere fact of inheritance of the Spanish [352] crown by a French Bourbon prince.
		Spanish enlightened despotism had no more of a theory of politics or representative constitutionalism than did any other contemporary continental monarchy, but the crown's ministers saw the wisdom of involving the more capable middle class subjects in decisions on the lower levels of administration.
	libro.uca.edu /payne2/payne16.htm (8226 words)

	Spain
		The union of the Spanish kingdoms of Aragón and Castile was effected in 1469 by Ferdinand's marriage to his cousin Isabella I, queen of Castile.
		She was made heir apparent by a decree that set aside the Salic Law forbidding the succession of a woman, and ascended the throne on the death of her father in 1833, her mother Maria Christina being appointed queen regent.
		This resulted in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14), in which France and Spain were matched against an alliance formed by England, the Netherlands, Austria, and several of the German states and subsequently joined by Portugal and Savoy.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/Spain.htm (6848 words)

	Socialist Appeal - The Spanish Revolution
		It summed up the lessons of the Spanish revolution and served as a contribution to the rearming of the new generation of workers and youth in the Spanish young socialists, the UGT and the PSOE.
		The Spanish students who, for the same general reasons as the officers, were recruited primarily from the dissatisfied youth, became accustomed to playing a role in the country altogether out of proportion to their numbers.
		In order to grasp this properly it must first be understood that the establishment of the economic dominance of the big bourgeoisie, and the growth of the political significance of the proletariat, definitely deprive the petty bourgeoisie of the possibility of occupying a leading position in the political life of the country.
	www.socialistappeal.org /content/view/271/81 (16287 words)

	RUSSIAN IMPERIAL SUCCESSION, by BRIEN HORAN
		Under the succession laws, as amended in 1886, dynasts who were sons and grandsons of an emperor had the title of Grand Duke, and dynasts of more distant descent (that is, great-grandsons and their descendants) had the title of Prince of Russia.
		His adherents seem to ignore the fact that the succession laws required each dynast to be born of an equal marriage, that is, born of a marriage of a dynast to a spouse of royal birth (or, to be more precise, to a spouse who was a member of a royal or sovereign dynasty).
		He explained that eventual succession through the female line as provided for in the Pauline law was inevitable, given the ages and morganatic marriages of the 7 male dynasts and consequently the unlikelihood that any of them would so late in life contract an equal marriage and produce from it new dynasts.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/gotha/russuclw.htm (15580 words)

	Princess Kiko of Japan Has a Boy - New York Times
		It has solved for now a succession crisis that had taken its most direct human toll on Crown Princess Masako, 42, the Harvard-educated former diplomat whose failure to bear a son contributed to her depression and withdrawal from the public.
		Last year, with seemingly no resolution to the succession crisis, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi convened a panel of experts that recommended that a woman and her offspring be allowed to ascend the throne.
		Among possible solutions to the succession crisis, conservatives proposed that other branches of the imperial family, abolished during the post-World War II American occupation, be resurrected to find a relative of the emperor with the right Y chromosome.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/09/06/world/asia/06cnd-japan.html?ex=1315195200&en=bc595239d1549cc8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (1268 words)

	Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Controversy over succession to the throne consumed the country during the first years of the 18th century (see War of the Spanish Succession).
		With the approval of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the arrival of democracy, the old historic nationalities — Basque Country, Catalonia, Andalusia and Galicia — were given far-reaching autonomy, which was then soon extended to all Spanish regions, resulting in one of the most decentralized territorial organizations in Western Europe.
		Morocco claims the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and the uninhabited Vélez, Alhucemas, Chafarinas, and Perejil ("Parsley") islands, all on the northern coast of Africa.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Spain.htm (3822 words)

	Unequal Marriages in Spain: the Pragmática of 1776
		In particular, certain matters such as the succession to the throne were in principle regulated by either written laws or long-standing custom; and, in the 18th century, the only occasion on which the Cortes continued to meet was to proclaim the heir to the throne as Prince of Asturias.
		A law of succession was approved by a referendum of July 26, 1947, and modified by an organic law of 10 Jan 1967, without substantially affecting the mechanism of succession.
		So the general topics of exclusion from the succession and regulation of marriages are not absent from the constitutions, and it cannot be argued that they were overlooked, ignored, or left to be governed implicitly by the pragmática.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/pragmatica.htm (7060 words)

	Explanation of Events for the Timeline of the Witch Hunts
		Similar to the later Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition, judges were authorized in secret proceedings to investigate, prosecute, judge, and sentence accused people who had no legal counsel.
		Spanish Inquisition (1478-1834): The investigative judicial system set up by the monarchs of Spain, originally to guarantee that Jewish and Muslim converts to Christianity (Marranos and Moriscos) stayed orthodox and catholic.
		Similar to the earlier medieval inquisition and Spanish Inquisition, judges were authorized in secret proceedings to investigate, prosecute, judge, and sentence accused people who had no legal counsel.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/witch/witchlist.html (7420 words)

	Etymologically Speaking...
		This Spanish term, which means "rabbit," comes from the Latin word cuniculus, which, itself, was copied letter-for-letter from an even earlier Iberian term--according to Pliny the Elder--referring to both the animal and its burrow--and, by extension, any underground passage or canal.
		The reason is that Naples was a Spanish possession during the reign of the Habsburg Emperor Charles V of Spain (I of Germany)(r.
		As any second-level Spanish student knows, this is the polite version of the second-person, singular pronoun which means "You;" however, although it is a second-person pronoun, verbs associated with it are conjugated in the third person (ie, "He," "She," "It").
	www.westegg.com /etymology (10520 words)

	Marriage & Succession
		Elizabeth appears to have felt this deeply, and on one occasion when her Council was debating the pros and cons of the marriage, she broke down and wept.
		The woman who early in her reign had declared that it would please her immensely if on her grave it was written“ A queen having lived and reigned such and such a time, lived and died a virgin” would have her wish come true, and be known for ever more as The Virgin Queen.
		This list gives the names of the principal suitors to the Queen over the course of her life.
	www.elizabethi.org /us/marriage (1898 words)

	H-Net Review: Reed Browning on The Treaties of the War of the Spanish Succession: An Historical ...
		The War of the Spanish Succession was triggered by Louis XIV's decision, taken late in 1700, to accept the testamentary proposal of the dying Spanish king Charles II that the entirety of the Spanish inheritance go to the French king's grandson, the Duke of Anjou.
		Like all of the large and sprawling wars of early modern Europe, the War of the Spanish Succession was often messy, usually uncontrollable, ultimately enervating for the states that participated, and generally disruptive for civilians across Europe.
		There is, for example, neither an article nor an index listing that directs the reader to discussions of "war aims" or "foreign policy." Nor will the curious reader find such matters explored under listings for the particular belligerent states, for national listings (for major participants) are also nonexistent.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=30024850101406 (1995 words)

	Use of U.S. Forces Abroad
		This report lists 234 instances in which the United States has used its armed forces abroad in situations of conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes.
		It brings up to date a 1989 list that was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough sketch survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad.
		The list does not include covert actions or numerous instances in which U.S. forces have been stationed abroad since World War II in occupation forces or for participation in mutual security organizations, base agreements, or routine military assistance or training operations.
	www.history.navy.mil /wars/foabroad.htm (8276 words)

	Big List -- Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At the height of their power, the Hapsburgs controlled most of Europe and most of the New World colonies by a combination of marriage into the Spanish royal line and through family conquest and protection in Eastern and Central Europe.
		TREATY OF UTRECHT, 171 3, which ended the War of Spanish Succession- where the Spanish Hapsburg line ran out.
		Due to the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714) the Bourbons ascended the throne of Spain.
	members.aol.com /roadtripxx/BigList3.html (502 words)

	THE RUSSIAN IMPERIAL SUCCESSION By Brien Purcell Horan
		When a French writer first advocated this creative interpretation of the succession laws in the 1980s(44), the Grand Duke Wladimir had to clarify formally that such morganatic descendants were indeed related to the dynasty but were not in any way members of the dynasty.
		The Russian laws governing membership in the imperial house, succession to the throne and other dynastic subjects are contained in the Fundamental State Laws of the Russian Empire and the Statute of the Imperial Family (codification of 1906, as amended through 1911).
		His morganatic son Michael (born 1924) was not included in the succession list because he was the child of an unequal marriage and thus was not a member of the dynasty.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Thebes/6517/indexmainlaws.html (15928 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Carlist
		partisans of Don Carlos (1788-1855) and his successors, who claimed the Spanish throne under the Salic law of succession, introduced (1713) by Philip V. The law (forced on Philip by the War of the Spanish Succession to avoid a union of the French and Spanish crowns) was abrogated by Ferdinand VII...
		Carlists Reactionary Spanish political faction in the 19th century.
		Her uncle, Don Carlos, contested her succession under the Salic law, and thus the Carlist Wars began (see Carlists).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Carlist (811 words)

	[No title]
		The majority of Tenerife property buyers start off with a visit to the nearest Tenerife estate agents to buy an apartment for their own holiday use with perhaps a small amount of rental income from friends and relations to help offset the expenses and overheads.
		By renting direct from the owner of a Spanish property and utilising low cost airlines you are cutting out the travel agent and you can create your own inexpensive holiday.
		Controversy over succession to the throne consumed the country during the 18th century, leading to an occupation by France during the Napoleonic era in the early 1800s, and led to a series of armed conflicts throughout much of the 19th century.
	www.lycos.com /info/spain--spanish-government.html (485 words)

	Learn more about List of battles (alphabetical) in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Battle of Audenaarde - 1708 - War of the Spanish Succession
		Battle of Blenheim - 1704 - War of the Spanish Succession
		NOTE: This was previously listed as Tumu Castle, but the distinction may simply be a by-product of translation from Chinese.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_battles__alphabetical_.html (4762 words)

	Felipe, Prince of Asturias - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As heir apparent, he is first in the line of succession to the Spanish throne.
		Heir to the throne since the proclamation of his father as King in 1975, in 1977 Prince Felipe became Prince of Asturias, the Spanish equivalent to being called Prince of Wales.
		This has revived discussion about the reforming of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 to abolish the precedence of male heirs over their sisters.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Felipe,_Prince_of_Asturias (622 words)

	[No title]
		These conflicts, so destructive to national prosperity, were stimulated and increased by foreign powers and their invasions, and by the power of the priesthood at home and its pernicious influence, whereby the separate Italian communities were arrayed against one another in two hostile factions.
		The Spaniards possessed flocks of well-bred sheep at so early a period that Henry I of England was moved to prohibit the importation of Spanish wool in 1172, and that as far back as the tenth and eleventh centuries Italian woollen manufacturers used to import the greater portion of their wool supplies from Spain.
		Great quantities of wine and salt were exported to the Spanish Netherlands, while the silks, the velvets, as also especially the articles of luxury of French manufacture, were sold in considerable quantities in the Netherlands, England, Spain, and Portugal.
	www.efm.bris.ac.uk /het/list/list1 (14744 words)

	Juan Carlos I of Spain Summary
		Fourthly, in March of 1986 Spanish voters went to the polls in a referendum and elected to remain in NATO, a position that the new socialist government favored because of the technological, economic, and political benefits to be gained from membership in the Atlantic alliance.
		Despite his alliance with monarchists, Franco was not eager to restore the deposed Spanish monarchy once in power, preferring to head a regime with himself as head of state for life.
		The heir to the throne of Spain was Juan de Borbón, the son of the late Alfonso XIII.
	www.bookrags.com /Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain (3698 words)

	Leipzig-Dresden Railway Line - The line during the war of unification - 1870-71 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		An important reason for the German success was the faith that the military authorities in Germany had placed in the railway system.
		The war was fought between the two powers over the issue of the succession to the Spanish throne that had been vacant since 1868.
		A Hohenzollern prince, Leopold was a candidate for the rather shaky Spanish throne, but was opposed by the French, who saw political intrigue by Bismarck as being behind the move.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~jjlace/part14.html (1336 words)

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