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	Urdu language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Urdu may have originated anywhere in India: the Deccan, in the Punjab, in Maharashtra, in Bengal, in Sindh or in the neighbourhood of Delhi.
		Urdu is a member of the Hindustani group of languages, which is a subgroup of the Indo Aryan group of languages, which is in turn part of the Indo European family of languages.
		Urdu is one of the official languages of India, and while the government school system emphasizes Hindi, many universities, especially in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, continue to foster Urdu as a language of prestige and learning.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/u/ur/urdu_language.html (2168 words)

	Urdu poetry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Over this period, Urdu poets have produced a large number of primarily poetic works.
		This is because in the ghazal form, the poet would usually incorporate his or her pen name into the final couplet (maqta) of each poem as a type of 'signature'.
		Alphabetical Index of Poets : A collection of representative poems of a number of leading Urdu poets.Script: English (Phonetic).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urdu_poetry (417 words)

	URDU FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In Pakistan, Urdu is spoken as a mother tongue by a majority of urban dwellers in such cities as Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur in the southern province of Sindh.
		Urdu is, however, the language of prestige, all signage, and education, and the number of native Urdu speakers is increasing quickly in urban centers.
		Urdu is a member of the Indo Aryan family of languages, which is in turn a branch of the Indo European family.
	www.amysflowershop.com /?s=Urdu (2710 words)

	Urdu Online Research :: Information about Urdu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Taken by itself, Urdu is approximately the twentieth most populous natively spoken language in the world, and is the national language of Pakistan as well as one of the List of national languages of India of India.
		Urdu is also spoken by large numbers of immigrants and their children in the major urban centres of the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia.
		Urdu is a member of the Indo-Aryan languages family of languages, which is in turn a branch of the Indo-European languages family.
	www.in-northcarolina.com /search/Urdu.html (2946 words)

	Urdu language biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Urdu(اردو) is an Indo-European language which originated in India, most likely in the vicinity of Delhi, from where it spread to the rest of the subcontinent.
		Urdu developed as a vernacular dialect from the interaction between local Indian Sanskrit-derived Prakrits and the languages that were spoken in the courts of the rulers of the The Subcontinent, from the time of the Delhi Sultanate to the Mughal Empire and its succeeding states.
		Urdu is one of the official languages of India, and while the government school system emphasizes Hindi, many universities, especially in Lucknow, continue to foster Urdu as a language of prestige and learning.
	urdu.biography.ms (2600 words)

	Urdu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Urdu (اردو) is an Indo-European language which originated in India, most likely in the vicinity of Delhi, whence it spread to the rest of the subcontinent.
		Urdu by itself is the twentieth most popular 'first' language in the world and the national language of Pakistan and one of the 22 national languages of India.
		Urdu is one of the official languages of India, and while the government school system - especially in northern states - emphasizes Hindi, many universities, especially in Lucknow, continue to foster Urdu as a language of prestige and learning.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Urdu (2980 words)

	Stipula Pens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Japanese poets who write haiku often use a ''haiga'' or penname.
		The famous haiku poet Matsuo Basho had used fifteen different haiga before he became fond of a banana plant (''bashō'') that had been given to him by a disciple and started using it as his penname at the age of 38.
		This is a list and I am assuming that a lot of people will read only part of a list--for example, they'll come looking for the real/pen name of a person for whom they know the pen/real name and will read only that one entry.
	www.blownspeakers.com /pages3/85/stipula-pens.html (1144 words)

	Urdu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Urdu (اردو) is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family which developed under Persian influence in the Indian subcontinent during the time of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire.
		The mingling of these languages led to a vernacular that is the ancestor of today's Urdu.
		There are two fundemental distinctions between them: the source of learned vocabulary (Persian or Sanskrit), and the script used to write them (an adaptation of the Persian script written in Nasta'liq style, or the devanagari alphabet).
	www.punweb.com /article/Urdu (2770 words)

	MUHAMMAD IQBAL FACTS AND DATA SALES FORCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A major Urdu and Persian writer and poet, he is in the unusual position of having written one of India's major national songs ("Saare_Jahan_Se_Achcha") while at the same time being credited as a major force behind the creation of Pakistan.
		Iqbal's potential as a poet was first recognized by one of his early tutors, Sayyid_Mir_Hassan, from whom he learned classical poetry.
		Iqbal is considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Urdu language, admired both in India and Pakistan.
	www.steelonemarketing.com /Muhammad_Iqbal (1566 words)

	Urdu poetry (ghazal) & hindi poetry archives/mailing list. Urdu dictionary.
		Urdu poetry (ghazal) & hindi poetry archives/mailing list.
		The mailing list is dedicated to urdu poetry & hindi poetry (Ghazal / kavita) while the Discussion Forum can be used for poetry and poetry related or other discussions.
		This is not to impose any kind of restriction on your contribution of urdu poetry or hindi kavita but to ensure that there is no vulgarity of any kind in it.
	www.ebazm.com (493 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Urdu, which is distinguished from Hindi by its script and vocabulary, is the national language of Pakistan and one of the official languages of India.
		They are claimed both by Urdu and Hindi literary historians, but Quli Qutub Shah (1565-1611) is generally acknowledged as the first notable poet, like file of Chaucer is English, with a volume of significant poetry in a language later named Urdu.
		Urdu poetry mainly consists of the ghazal, the qasida, the marsia, the masnavi, the qita and the rubai.
	www.mirhyderali.com /yazehra/images/history2.html (1171 words)

	Poets
		Finally, the poets of the fourth generation are still too young to have garnered enough acclaim to have been translated into English, and thus won't be addressed here.
		Senghor in particular was a driving force as both a poet and a statesman in recognizing the way in which feminism, and female sensuality in particular, leads to moral virtue, and consequently the rise of hope and the human spirit.
		In addition to Francophone African Poets with accessible English translations that I have represented on this page, I have appended a list of poets whose work is available in French, whether at the University of Florida or not.
	web.uflib.ufl.edu /cm/africana/poets.htm (974 words)

	Muhammad Iqbal biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A major Urdu writer of India, he is in the unusual position of having penned one of India's major national songs (Sare Jahan Se Accha) while at the same time being credited with being a major force behind the creation of Pakistan.
		While in Europe he also began to write his poetry in Persian, because it was easier to write in than Urdu; but he finally decided on sticking to Urdu since most Indians did not understand Persian.
		Already a famous poet by now, Iqbal received a knighthood from the British Government in honour of the brilliant Asrar-i-Khudi.
	allama-iqbal.biography.ms (1257 words)

	Viewsunplugged.com \| Music : Hindi Songs? you mean Urdu Songs...
		Apart from the classical poets of the past, even contemporary Urdu poets of the fifties and the sixties have utilized their already published works in the service of Hindi cinema.
		I daresay that not only did these Urdu poets transform the metaphor and idiom of Hindi songs, but their own oeuvre was also transformed by the exigencies of Hindi cinema.
		Finally, the exigencies of writing for a broad audience mean that poets had to impose specific restrictions on their language, not the least of which was to de-Persianize it.
	www.viewsunplugged.com /VU/20021226/arts_music_urduSongs2.shtml (1702 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - Maulana Hali
		Maulana Altaf Hussain Hali was an Urdu poet, and the last student of Mirza Ghalib.
		He was forced to return home, and pursued a government job until displaced by the Mutiny of 1857.
		The Musaddas, or Musaddas-e-Hali, as it is often known, was published in 1879 to critical acclaim, and considered to herald the modern age of Urdu poetry.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/Maulana_Hali (144 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		People on this list should ideally have articles of their own, and be in some way noteworthy for their poetry.
		Frances E. Harper, poet, novelist, lecturer and activist in turn of the century temperance and racial uplift movements.
		Suleiman the Magnificent, ruler of the Ottoman Empire and Islamic poet
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=List_of_poets (887 words)

	The Beauty that is URDU
		Urdu, distinguished from Hindi by its script and vocabulary, is the national language of Pakistan and one of the official languages of India.
		It is one of the most widely spoken languages of South Asia, and has acquired a wider distribution in other parts of the world, notably the UK, where it is regarded as their major cultural language by most Muslims from Pakistan and northern India.
		Besides its important role as the chief vehicle of Islam in South Asia, Urdu has an important secular literature, whose poetry is closely based on Persian models.
	www.cs.uh.edu /~ahmed/urdu.html (186 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of Urdu poets
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		As far as possible in the list below, the takhallus, or nom de plume, is in italics
		Urdu poetry, Urdu, List of poets, Progressive Writers' Movement
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-Urdu-poets (116 words)

	Poet Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Looking For poet - Find poet and more at Lycos Search.
		Find poet - Your relevant result is a click away!
		*List Your Site Here for Free: Simply link to this page from your website and a reciprocal link back to your referring page will automatically appear above.
	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/Poet (247 words)

	List of poets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		People on this list should ideally have articles of their own, and be in some waynoteworthy for their poetry.
		Frances E. W.Harper, poet, novelist, lecturer and activist in turn of the century temperance and racial uplift movements.
		William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, the firstvernacular poet
	www.therfcc.org /list-of-poets-11399.html (763 words)

	Favourite Urdu Poetry Mohib Uddin Ahmad
		It is indeed a very difficult task to list the major Urdu poets because every poet has influnced the course of the poetry in some way or the other.But then,there have been a few who stand out.Among the masters I count Meer Taqi Meer(1722-1810), Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib(1797-1869),Momin Khan Momin(1800-1831), Mirza Dagh Dehlvi(1831-1905).
		Some of the great Urdu poets of the last century were Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938),Jigar Muradabadi(1890-1960),Faiz Ahmad Faiz (1911-1984),Sahir Ludhianvi(1921-1980),Josh Malihabadi (1838-1982), Ali Sardar Jafri (1913-200) amongst others.
		A few well known contemporary poets are Ahmed Faraz (b.1931),Nida Fazli (b.1938),Javed Akhtar(b.1945) etc.
	mohib.bravehost.com /urdupoetry.htm (112 words)

	Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, work in English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		“The Poet in the Poem; or, Veiling the Utterance.” From A Wilderness of Possibilities: Urdu Studies in Transnational Perspective (a festschrift in honor of C. Naim).
		Both English and Urdu versions have been published by Zakir Husain College (2002), and are available from the Principal.
		Translations from the Urdu of 35 poems by the modern Pakistani-British poet Saqi Farooqi, and an introduction, by F. Pritchett; with poems selected and a general introduction by Shamsur Rahman Faruqi.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/srf/srf_work.html (584 words)

	Bahadur_Shah_Zafar_II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bahadur Shah Zafar (Zafar was his nom de plume, or takhallus, as an Urdu poet), was the last of the Mughal emperors in India.
		Bahadur Shah died in exile in November 7, 1862 and is buried there while his wife Zeenat Mahal died in 1886.
		Bahadur Shah Zafar was also an Urdu poet of some repute.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Bahadur_Shah_Zafar_II (396 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - Javed Akhtar
		Javed Akhtar (born January 17, 1945) is an Urdu poet and prose writer from India.
		The son of Urdu poet Jan Nisar Akhtar, he is also a major script and lyric-writer in the Bollywood film industry of India.
		Some of his most successful work was done in the late 70s and 80s with Salim Khan as half of the script-writing duo credited as Salim-Javed.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/Javed_Akhtar (95 words)

	All Time Great Urdu Poets
		ere is a list of some of the greatest Urdu language poets.
		If you think that I have missed someone,please feel free to drop a line.
		The italics indicate the pen names of the poet.
	www.angelfire.com /sk2/suny/list.htm (35 words)

	Urdu Dictionary at www.eBazm.com
		Enter the Urdu or English word in its respective field.
		Use of both (Urdu and English) words at same time might result in no match.
		Also note that there are more then one ways to write transliterated Urdu.
	ebazm.com /dictionary.htm (82 words)

	Urdu adeeb : poets and writers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The first manuscript in Urdu written in 911 Hijri (1515 CE) by Hazrat Sharafuddin Yahya Muneri and is in his dargah in Muner Shareef.
		The Credit for publishing first Urdu book in Northern INdian also goes to the state of Bihar; the book is Seedha Raasta published in 1670.
		and many more to be added to this list.
	urdustan.com /adeeb/shaayar (389 words)

	Pen name (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Note: List of Urdu language poets provides pen names for a range of Urdu poets.
		A shâ'er (a poet who writes she'rs in Urdu or Persian) almost always has a takhallus, a pen name, traditionally placed at the end of the name when referring to the poet by his full name.
		Similar to a pen name, Japanese artists usually have a gō or art-name, which might change a number of times during their career.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Pen-name.htm (1318 words)

	Urdu Information - Articles Free (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In spite of its status as the national language, however, only 7.57% [2] of Pakistanis speak Urdu as their first language, compared to 44.15% [3] who speak Punjabi as their mother tongue.
		Nastaâliq is notoriously difficult to typeset, so Urdu newspapers were made from hand-written masters (a.k.a katib or khush-navees) till late 1980s.
		Mirz Ghalib (1797-1869), the greatest ever Urdu poet
	www.articlesfree.com /index.php?title=Urdu (2790 words)

	Modern Urdu Poets
		This book is principally a sum of critical responses to selected modern poets in Urdu language.
		Though limited in scope purpose, it suggests the reach, beauty and power of Urdu as such.
		The author discusses these poets in a manner that has probably never been attempted before.
	www.islamicbookstore.com /b6222.html (55 words)

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