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Topic: List of current systems for electric rail traction

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	EZGeography - Railway electrification system
		Electric motors were fed directly from mains, and were controlled by using a combination of resistors and relays which connected the motors in parallel or series.
		The 3000 V DC system is used in Belgium, Italy, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, former Yugoslavia and in the former Soviet Union.
		This system is quite ecomomical, but it has its drawbacks: the phases of the external power system are loaded unequally, and there is significant electromagnetic interference generated.
	www.ezgeography.com /encyclopedia/Railway_electrification_system (751 words)

	Volt - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The volt (symbol: V) is the SI derived unit of electric potential difference or voltage.
		The volt is defined as the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power.
		Volta had determined that the most effective pair of dissimilar metals to produce electricity was zinc and silver.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Volt (392 words)

	Volt - list-all-distance-learning-colleges.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Thus the volt is multiplied by the current flow, in amperes which are one coulomb per second, to yield the total electrical power in the current, in Watts.
		Between two points in an electric field, such as exists in an electrical circuit, the potential difference is equal to the difference in their electrical potentials.
		The electrical potential difference is defined as the amount of work per charge needed to move electric charge from the second point to the first, or equivalently, the amount of work that unit charge flowing from the first point to the second can perform.
	list-all-distance-learning-colleges.info /volt (1086 words)

	Traction current converter plant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A traction current converter plant is an electrical substation that converts electric power from the form provided by the electrical power industry for public utility service to an appropriate voltage, current type, and frequency to supply railways, streetcars, and/or trolleybuses with traction current.
		Traction current converter plants are either decentralized (where one plant directly supplies the overhead lines or third rail of the traction system, with no feed into a traction current distribution network) or centralized (for the supply of the traction power network, usually in addition to the direct supply of the overhead lines or third rail).
		Central traction current converter plants are generally found in Germany (primarily in the cities of Neckarwestheim, Ulm, Nuernberg), Austria, and Switzerland, while decentralized traction current converter plants are generally found in Norway, Sweden, and the German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Brandenburg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Traction_current_converter_plant (330 words)

	Volt Information - son volt
		Potential difference, electrical potential and electromotive force are 240 volt wiring measured in volts, leading to the commonly used term voltage and the symbol V (sometimes E is used for voltage).
		Similarly, in an electrical circuit, the work done to move electrons or other 24 volt dc 70 amp in line fuse holder charge-carriers 12 volt led is equal to 'electrical pressure' (an old term 24 volt battery charger for voltage) multiplied by the 12 volt lights quantity of electrical charge moved.
		The electrical potential difference is defined 3 volt lithium battery as the amount of work per charge needed to move electric charge from the second point to the first, or equivalently, the amount of work that unit charge flowing from the first john deere 12 volt power loader point to the second can perform.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_U_-_Z-/Volt.html (1290 words)

	Railway Electrification.
		Critics of electric traction often allege that when the necessary electricity is sourced from fossil fuels all that is really happening is that the pollution is being shifted up the energy chain to the power station.
		Light rail systems tend to use lower voltages (typically 600v on older systems and 750v dc on newer systems) as this is safer where on-street operation is involved.
		Several rail franchises are also replacing electric trains (both locomotive-hauled and multiple-unit) with diesel multiple-units because most of their 'territory' is not wired, and it is cheaper (for them) to have one fleet that can 'go anywhere' than two fleets, one of which is restricted in lines it can serve.
	www.garden.f9.co.uk /Electtrn.htm (5245 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> volt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The volt (symbol: V) is the SI derived unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force
		Household mains electricity: 230 volts RMS in Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa, 120 volts RMS in North America, 100 V RMS in Japan
		High voltage electric power transmission lines: 110 kilovolts RMS and up (1150 kV is the record as of 2005)
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/volt (532 words)

	Railway electrification system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the Netherlands, the voltage is actually as high as 1600 to 1700 V. The 3000 V DC system is used in Belgium, Italy, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, former Yugoslavia and in the former Soviet Union.
		The unusual frequency means that electricity has to be converted from utility power by motor-generators at the feeding stations, or generated at altogether separate electric power stations.
		The 25 kV 50 Hz single-phase AC system is used in France, Great Britain, Finland, Denmark, the former Soviet Union, the former Yugoslavia and Japan, while USA commonly uses 12.5 and 25 kV at 60 Hz.
	railway-electrification-system.kiwiki.homeip.net (731 words)

	15kVAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Lines of these type are used in Germny for the supplying electric railways with single phase AC with 16.67 Hertz.
		15 kV AC at 16.7 Hz is a railway electrification system chosen by Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway in 1912.
		The coil over which the grounding is done, is so dimensioned that it compensates ground error currents in case of a defect of the line.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /1/5/k/15kVAC_79e0.html (563 words)

	Third rail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are urban legends that people have died while urinating on the third rail (the urine stream supposedly completes an electrical circuit that electrocutes the victim); a non-continuous stream has been proven to be unable to conduct electricity by MythBusters [2].
		Even higher voltages - such as 750V DC third rail - as used on many hundreds of suburban railway route miles across south and southeast England, and the 1000V DC used on the BART system, with just over 100 miles of track, are restricted to this area of railroad transport.
		In the south-east a transition is made on-the-fly to 750V DC for the remainder of the journey through the London suburbs, on the standard commuter lines into Waterloo using the third rail system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Third_rail (3189 words)

	Alternating current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		AC systems overcame the limitations of direct current systems, such as that which Thomas Edison first used to distribute electricity commercially.
		This is due to the fact that an electric charge which accelerates (as is the case of an alternating current) radiates electromagnetic waves, and materials of high conductivity (the metal which makes up the wire) do not allow propagation of electromagnetic waves.
		The current flowing on the inner conductor is equal and opposite to the current flowing on the inner surface of the outer tube.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alternating_current (2318 words)

	Light Rail and Streetcar Systems
		These are old (pre-1970) streetcar or light rail systems that still operate using pre-1970 equipment and which have not been upgraded to modern light-rail standards.
		These are old (pre-1970) electric streetcar or light rail systems that have been modernized with new vehicles and/or by upgrading track.
		An extension of electric streetcar technology to intercity and rural transportation, many of these lines were built in the U.S. in the years before World War I. They began to fade in the 1920s as roads improved and automobiles became more common.
	web.presby.edu /~jtbell/transit/types/light-rail.html (621 words)

	Railway electrification system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the UK 1500 V DC was used in 1954 for electrifying the trans-Pennine coal route (now closed) through the Woodhead Tunnel.
		This stress can be reduced if the frequency is low, so many European countries, including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Norway, and Sweden have standardised on 15 kV 16-2/3 Hz (one-third the normal mains frequency) single-phase alternating current (earlier, 6 kV and 7.5 kV systems have been in use).
		List of current systems for electric rail traction Category:Rail transport cs:elezni&269;ní napájecí soustavy ja:&37444;&36947;&12398;&38651;&21270; zh:&30005;&27668;&21270;&38081;&36335;
	railway-electrification-system.iqnaut.net (769 words)

	25kVAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This voltage is ideal for long distance use, and for new suburban railways where brand new bridges and tunnels can be built to suit.
		Railways using older and lower capacity direct current systems such as Spain are introducing 25kVAC instead of 3000VDC for its new high speed lines.
		Two isolated freight lines passing through desert country had double 25kV to 50kV to further reduce energy losses in their transmission lines.
	25kvac.iqnaut.net (122 words)

	25 kV AC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		25 kV AC (kV = kilovolts, AC = alternating current, hence 25 000 volts alternating,) is one of the most common voltages used for railway electrification, usually at 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on that country's normal electricity supply frequency.
		Railways using older and lower capacity direct current systems such as South Africa, Spain and Italy have or are introducing 25 kV AC instead of 3 kV DC for their new high speed lines.
		On the other hand, one advantage of using 25kV for railway use, is that is clear that the railway power lines are being referred to, and not the ordinary 33kV or 66kV.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/25_kV_AC (439 words)

	World Rail Transit List
		Their list of tramways, metros, trolleybus systems and commuter rail is at the URL:
		Cities are listed by name of the central or principal city of the urban area, according to (the latin alphabet rendition of) the local name.
		A version of this list, complete with source citations and notes is under development.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~wyatt/rail-transit-list.html (2275 words)

	List of current systems for electric rail traction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This a list of the voltages, etc. that are used or have been used for railway electrification systems.
		Note the voltages are nominal, and vary up and down depending on load and distance from the substation.
		Hz: DC=direct current, or frequency in hertz if alternating current; single-phase except where marked three-phase
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_current_systems_for_electric_rail_traction (727 words)

	Curthel Enterprises
		This issue of the rail car set from 1952 is a 3-car set and can be extended with an intermediate car which features the words “Soccer World Champions 1954”, in German, of course.
		Lead and rear trucks with small wheels on steam and electric locos are prone to pick up a lot of the dirt from the rails.
		If the current draw is considerably higher, we will re-examine the armature, the field coil and the reversing unit for an electrical problem.
	www.curthel.com /info.html (4698 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Railway electrification system
		The feeder stations require constant monitoring, and only one train or locomotive could enter one section.
		Third rail systems can be designed to use top contact, side contact, or bottom contact.
		25 kV AC is the system of choice for high speed and long distance railways, even if the railway uses a different system for existing trains.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Railway_electrification_system (2763 words)

	Australian Car Advice & News Blog
		The intelligent active all-wheel-drive system that contributes so much to Captiva’s versatile appeal is fully integrated into the ESP and ABS systems, improving vehicle control and active safety.
		According to the owner a hand-held electric saw was used to cut out the dash panel before everything was stolen from the vehicle.
		The new diesel engine that replaces the previous class-leading 3.2 litre Direct Injection Diesel is a common rail version of the 3.2 litre diesel that was first seen in Australia in ML Triton when it was launched in July this year.
	www.caradvice.com.au (7054 words)

	The Shore Line Trolley Museum: Volunteer
		Trackworkers are replacing wooden ties and steel rails in the train yard, driving their spikes with heavy hammers.
		This is now, and all of the people you have met thus far, as well as countless others back at the station, in the exhibits gallery, in the office, and in the library, are all volunteers.
		The Comm/Signal Department works in conjunction with Track in bonding rail joints and special work for signal and traction current return, and protecting switches, and with Line to install and maintain overhead cabling.
	www.bera.org /volunteer.html (1336 words)

	Pontiac \| GM: Grand Prix, GM Independent Front Suspension: Specifications
		The special body company, assembler, equipment installer, or upfitter is solely responsible for warranties on the body or equipment and any alterations (or any effect of the alterations) to any of the parts, components, systems, or assemblies installed by GM.
		OnStar services require vehicle electrical system, wireless service and satellite technologies to be available and operating for features to function properly.
		††† These tires are designed for very responsive driving on wet or dry pavement and may not offer the traction you would like, or the same level of performance as winter tires, on snow- or ice-covered roads.
	www.pontiac.com /grandprix/specs_viewall.jsp (2026 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Volt
		But when an SI unit is spelled out, it should always be written in lowercase (volt), unless it begins a sentence or is the name "degree Celsius".
		â” Based on The International System of Units, section 5.2.
		^ List of current systems for electric rail traction
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Volt (554 words)

	List of current systems for electric rail traction information information - Search.com
		List of current systems for electric rail traction information information - Search.com
		DC Siemens streetcar Berlin-Lichterfelde 1881-1891, current fed through the running rails!
		This list is incomplete; you can help by.
	search.com.com /reference/3000VDC (653 words)

	TSROSS Railway Names List
		Our list of railways includes most railroads and dedicated railway transit systems around the world since the early 1800's.
		Athough some rubber tired systems are in the list, they are not included as railways, but because they share railway signal systems in some manner.
		The list consists of railways for which we have information on record - This list includes operating railways (carriers and/or equipment), and railways with charters (non-operating), both current and defunct.
	www.railway.org /rwaylist.htm (1118 words)

	List of current systems for electric rail traction - Slider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		List of current systems for electric rail traction - Slider
		Siemens streetcar Berlin-Lichterfelde 1881–1891, current feed over the running rails!
		This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
	enc.slider.com /Enc/750VDC (448 words)

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