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Topic: List of geological features on Callisto

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	Space Studies Board
		Knowledge of the geological processes—volcanism, tectonism, impact cratering, and surficial modifications—can be combined with relative and radiometric age determinations of the features associated with those processes to derive geological histories of the planetary surfaces.
		Knowledge of the geological environments permits assessment of the likelihood for the evolution and sustenance of organic life, at least in comparison to Earth.
		However, there is strong geologic evidence for the earlier presence of liquid water on Mars and the suggestion of a hydrologic cycle and thus a long, perhaps episodic history of free water on the martian surface.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /ssb/21plech3.html (13510 words)

	Crater Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the center of craters on Earth a crater lake often accumulates, and in craters formed by meteorites a central island (caused by rebounding crustal rock after the impact) is usually a prominent feature in the lake.
		Daniel Barringer was one of the first to identify a geological structure as an impact crater, but at the time his ideas were not widely accepted, and when they were, there was no recognition of the fact that Earth impacts are common in geological terms.
		Armed with the knowledge of shock-metamorphic features, Carlyle S. Beals and colleagues at the Dominion Observatory in Canada, and Wolf von Engelhardt of the University of Tuebingen in West Germany began a methodical search for "impact structures".
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/c/cr/crater.html (1140 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on HACKED BY TURK-SOPHİA
		List of frigates of the Hellenic Navy (en)
		List of geological features on 243 Ida and Dactyl (en)
		List of geological features on 951 Gaspra (en)
	www.blinkbits.com /wikifeeds/LI?from=27300 (437 words)

	ICA Multilingual Glossary
		These lists are derived from a variety of published sources; see the reference section at the end of this glossary for citations of several key publications regarding planetary nomenclature.
		Geologic time scale is sequence, built in the chronological order for events of a geological history of planetary bodies and intervals of time, appropriate to them.
		Rilles are common features on the surface of the Moon, and are present on several of the terrestrial planets.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/ceps/ica/glossary.htm (6952 words)

	Solar System / Planets K-12 Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
		Major features of the Solar System (not to scale): The Sun, the eight planets, the asteroid belt containing the dwarf planet Ceres, outermost there is the dwarf planet Pluto (the dwarf planet Eris not shown), and a comet.
		The largest, Triton, is geologically active, with geysers of liquid nitrogen, and is the only large satellite to revolve around its host planet in a prograde (clockwise) motion.
		The conceptual advances of the 17th century, led by Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, led gradually to the acceptance of the idea not only that Earth moved round the Sun, but that the planets were governed by the same laws that governed the Earth, and therefore could be similar to it.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/astronomy/solarsystem.html (7187 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Titan (moon) - Calendar Encyclopedia
		In order to understand Titanian surface features better, the Cassini spacecraft is currently using radar altimetry and synthetic aperture radar imaging to map portions of Titan during its close fly-bys of the moon.
		There are features that seem volcanic in origin, which probably disgorge water mixed with ammonia.
		An enigmatic dark feature at the pole, named Ontario Lacus has been identified as a possible lake created by precipitation from the clouds that cluster at the pole [19].
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Titan_(moon).htm (3868 words)

	A Weird Theory
		Callisto's crust is thought to be approximately 4 billion years old, dating back almost to the formation of the solar system.Callisto's battered surface lies on top of an icy layer that is about 200 kilometers thick.
		It was found that Callisto's magnetic field varies (flows in various directions at different times) in response to the background magnetic field generated by Jupiter; this suggests a layer of highly conductive fluid within Callisto.
		Callisto has the lowest density of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter, only 1.86 g/cm3, and is about 40% ice and 60% rock/iron.
	www.halo2boards.com /showthread.phtml?p=22488 (665 words)

	Jupiter and It's Moons - Military Photos
		The larger two, Callisto and Ganymede, are roughly the size of the planet Mercury; the smallest, Io and Europa, are approximately the size of Earth's Moon.
		Callisto's ancient surface is completely covered by large impact craters: The brightest features seen on Callisto in this image were discovered by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979 to be bright craters, like those on our Moon.
		Reddish linear features are some of the cracks and ridges, thousands of kilometers long, which are caused by the tides raised by the gravitational pull of Jupiter.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=94001 (6779 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring Jupiter System - Jupiter's many moons
		Galileo snapped the Callisto photographs opposite Valhalla Basin in May 2001 as it flew within 20,000 miles of the icy, rocky moon.
		Callisto, with a surface of ice and rock, is the most heavily cratered of any moon in our Solar System.
		Callisto was discovered along with Io, Europa and Ganymede in 1610 as astronomer Galileo Galilei was skygazing from his garden in Padua, Italy.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Jupiter/JupiterMoons.html (2570 words)

	CHAPTER 5: PLANETARY GEOLOGY: Manual of Remote Sensing
		Geologic histories of planetary surfaces are often documented in the form of geologic maps (compiled at various scales dependent on the available data and detail to be illustrated) which portray the three-dimensional surface units that comprise a planetary surface and indicate their relative stratigraphic positions.
		Geologic information was difficult to extract from drawings and photographs having spatial resolutions on the order of hundreds of kilometers, and observations by Schiaparelli, Lowell, Antoniadi, and others demonstrated that the interpretation of features observed on Mars was controversial and often highly subjective (Sheehan, 1988).
		Geologic study of Mars over the past decade has concentrated on the continued refinement and analysis of the Viking imaging data in preparation for the next wave of spacecraft exploration to be carried out by the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter and Mars Pathfinder lander missions in 1997-1999.
	marswatch.tn.cornell.edu /rsm.html (18132 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Geological mapping of the northern leading hemisphere of Europa from Galileo solid-state imaging data.
		Geological history of the Tyre region of Europa: A regional perspective on Europan surface features and ice thickness.
		New Narrow Infrared Absorption Features in the Spectrum of Io Between 3600 and 3100 cm(-1) (2.8-3.2-mu m).
	jupiter.berkeley.edu /reflist.txt (6837 words)

	Solar_system - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		Major features of the Solar System (not to scale, from left to right): Pluto, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, a comet, Jupiter, Ceres which lies in the asteroid belt, the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, and Mars.
		Mercury is very different from the other terrestrial planets; it has no natural satellite, and its only known geological features besides impact craters are "wrinkle ridges" probably produced by a period of contraction early in its history.
		Although no definitive evidence of current geological activity has yet been detected on Venus, its substantial atmosphere and lack of a magnetic field to protect it from depletion by the solar wind suggest that it must be regularly replenished by volcanic eruptions.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Solar_system (6675 words)

	The Lure of Europa :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		Callisto is the outermost of the Galilean satellites.
		That indicates that the surface is geologically young.
		The total surface area of the three icy moons of Jupiter (Europa, Ganymede and Callisto) is greater than the surface area of Mars, and, in fact, is about equivalent to the entire land surface of Earth.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article1697.html (1962 words)

	Physics 104: Planetary Astronomy Study Questions
		List several of the major named features on the surface of Venus.
		List several of the reasons that have been given for Earth not being visited by aliens, assuming that advanced extra-terrestrial civilizations exist "out there".
		Io is said to be the most geologically active body in the solar system.
	ww2.lafayette.edu /~hogenbod/sq.html (1866 words)

	Forums at MajorityRights.com \| Ganymede (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Like Callisto, Ganymede is most likely composed of a rocky core with a water/ice mantle and a crust of rock and ice.
		These features form complex patterns and have a vertical relief of a few hundred meters and run for thousands of kilometers.
		The grooved features were apparently formed more recently than the dark cratered area perhaps by tension from global tectonic processes.
	majorityrights.com /index.php/forums/viewthread/84 (570 words)

	WU Libraries EPSc Library List of Theses/Dissertations
		McCollom, Thomas Marvin Geologic, biologic, and organic chemical contributions to the composition of aqueous fluids in submarine hydrothermal systems: Constraints from thermodynamic models and experimental studies.
		Simon, John Frederic High resolution spectroscopy of hydrogen quadrupole features on Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune, and HD dipole absorption on Uranus.
		Weathers, Gerald A geological investigation of an area in Hickory and Polk Counties, MO. M.A., 1950.
	library.wustl.edu /units/epsc/listtheses.html (8073 words)

	Planetary Astronomy/Geology Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		List on the overhead the types of features people saw in the pictures yesterday.
		As a class, list the places in the solar system have geological activity and those that don’t.
		Students simulate the effects of cratering and geological activity using a big box of flour with a thin layer of cocoa on top and a sling shot with marbles.
	www.astro.washington.edu /kristine/PRIME/AstronomyUnit.htm (3098 words)

	Callisto - SciForums.com
		High-resolution pictures taken of Jupiter's moon, Callisto, reveal a place that has likely not seen any geological activity such as volcanoes or tectonic shifting for millions of years.
		The NASA team hopes to count the number of small craters on the moon since this is one way to estimate the age of a moon's surface.
		And because Callisto is considered to be a very inactive moon, crater estimates of its surface could then be useful in gauging the age of Jupiter's other moons.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=3728 (397 words)

	Impact Craters: Research Links for Students
		Until recently, impacts by extraterrestrial bodies were regarded as, perhaps, an interesting but certainly not an important phenomenon in the spectrum of geological process affecting the Earth.
		Impact craters are geologic structures formed when a large meteoroid, asteroid or comet smashes into a planet or a satellite.
		Impact craters are a common feature on most planetary bodies because projectiles (such as meteoroids, asteroids, and comets) have collided with planetary surfaces for billions of years.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/solar_impact_craters.htm (844 words)

	The Giant Planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Moving from Callisto, the farthest from Jupiter, to Io, the innermost of the four, we find a wide range of geological and physical properties, as discussed in the text.
		Its linear features and relative lack of craters indicate that it is a tectonically active moon with a young surface.
		This intermediate-sized moon of Saturn has wispy, light-colored features on its surface that may be icy deposits of material that escaped from the interior and crystallized.
	www.astro.livjm.ac.uk /courses/one/TEXTBO/CHAPTE01.HTM (2339 words)

	Planetary geology Summary
		During the period 1880 to 1925, several telescopic maps of topographic and geological features of Mercury and Mars were produced.
		Similar studies are underway for the large Jovian satellites (Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa), the Saturnian satellites (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Iapetus), the Uranian satellites (Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Miranda, and Oberon), and the Neptunian satellite, Triton.
		There is a comprehensive, IAU-approved list of such themes and all new suggested names must be approved for use on maps by an IAU Task Group specific to the planetary body at issue.
	www.bookrags.com /Planetary_geology (1066 words)

	ch5
		There are many features on the solid planets in the solar system that await to be analyzed in detail.
		Research is also being done to explain the origin of tectonic features on the Galilean satellites, including domes on Ganymede (Squyres, 1980) and multiringed structures on Ganymede and Callisto (McKinnon and Melosh, 1980).
		The list of geophysical questions concerning the outer planet satellites that need answering is already long and will certainly grow as we learn to understand these objects better.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-467/ch5.htm (2258 words)

	The Solar System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When the photos were received on Earth, the features might easily have been mistaken for the moon.
		Several features that resemble river beds suggest that there may have been running water on Mars at one time.
		The most startling feature to be discovered was a giant blue spot in the planet's southern hemisphere.
	mrsmacdonald.net /solar_system.htm (6307 words)

	Executive Council Retreat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Using a numerical method, the group sorted magnetite crystal populations based on features of the SFD of all particles and found that the numerical methods are useful for identifying bacterial magnetite in rocks.
		Many new geologic features of these sites were revealed with stunning clarity using THEMIS data, helping to further refine the geologic context of the MER landing sites.
		It was concluded from an analysis of domes and other features on Europa that they are geologically young and appear to have brought material to the surface from beneath the ice crust.
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /ecretreat/downloads/exec_summ/exec_asu.cfm (4394 words)

	Terrestrial Atmospheres
		Note that this list is also in temporal order since impact cratering occurs first, followed by tectonic activity and then erosion.
		Note that large features, such as impact basins or extremely large impact craters can not be eroded away even after 100's of millions of years.
		Such large features on the Earth were eroded by tectonic activity, i.e.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/hc209/lectures/lec07.html (2429 words)

	96.06.03: Asteroids, Comets, and Meterorites: Their Intimate Relation with Life on Earth
		For example, U.S. Geological Survey research conducted in 1994 disclosed an inner basin and an outer rim of a proposed meteor crater buried 300-500 meters under Chesapeake Bay, caused by an impact event dated at 35.5 million years ago.
		The existence of a string of three impact craters 12 kilometers wide in Chad was announced by a NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientist and her colleague in March 1996.
		A list of WWW addresses is needed to avoid confusion on the part of the student.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1996/6/96.06.03.x.html (10429 words)

	Subject Listing for Images
		The films are listed in alphabetical order according to aircraft name and the research programme they are associated with is given.
		The site also features the Langley Factsheet Server which provides full text details about many of Langley's research programmes, the Langley Technical Report Server (LTRS) for searching and browsing technical reports, some of which are available in full in PDF format, and latest news.
		Features includes a timeline; biographies of leaders; essays submitted by historians and students; maps of the regions, battles and theatres of operation; a photograph archive featuring pictures and information on equipment, Gallipoli, the Somme and Ypres.
	aerade.cranfield.ac.uk /subject-listing/images.html (12337 words)

	Educational Observatory - Sky Charts, Catalogs, Atlases and Astronomical Data Resources
		Includes lists of deep sky objects sorted by catalogues or any other way, with maps and images as well as information for every object in the database.
		Listed are some of these Arabic star names and their meanings.
		Although images of the outer planets and satellites have been obtained, they are rarely at a resolution allowing detailed geologic mapping, and therefore have not been created and published in the USGS I-map series.
	www.edu-observatory.org /eo/starcharts.html (1597 words)

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