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Topic: List of monarchs of Tonga

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	Tonga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tonga is the only monarchy in the Pacific (apart from Commonwealth realms such as Australia and New Zealand), and the constitutionally mandated power of the Tongan monarchs is greater than that of the Commonwealth monarchs.
		Tonga has an excellent education system which is free and mandatory for all children up to age twelve, with very nominal fees for secondary education, and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education.
		Tonga's economy is characterized by a large nonmonetary sector and a heavy dependence on remittances from the half of the country's population that lives abroad, chiefly in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.
	www.worldslastchance.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Tonga (2625 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Tonga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga, (Tongan for "south"), is an independent archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean.
		Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970 (atypically as an autochthonous monarchy, that is one with its own hereditary monarch rather than Elizabeth II), and the United Nations in September 1999.
		Tonga's education system is free and mandatory for all children up to age twelve, with only nominal fees for secondary education, and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Tonga (2725 words)

	Monarch - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Monarchs almost always inherit their titles and are rulers for life, that is, they have no term limit.
		Most monarchs are raised within a royal family where they are taught to expect and obey their future "duties," and they are, formally or informally, succeeded upon their death or abdication by members of their own family, usually their eldest son or eldest child.
		In a few cases a monarch is associated with a particular group (or nation) within a state, such as Te Arikinui Te Atairangikaahu of the Māori (the Māori Queen) and Osei Tutu II of the Ashanti.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Monarch (2532 words)

	Monarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Most monarchs are, formally or informally, succeeded upon their death or abdication by members of their own family, usually their eldest child.
		In a few cases a monarch is associated with a particular group (or nation) within a state, such as Te Arikinui Te Atairangikaahu of the Maori (the Maori Queen) and Osei Tutu II of the Ashanti.
		In addition to these, there are a few former monarchs who have abdicated or been deposed still alive, as well as several pretenders, claiming thrones that do not exist at the moment.
	www.worldslastchance.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Monarch (2111 words)

	Tonga
		Tonga became a British protected state under a Treaty of Friendship in 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king.
		Tonga is the only monarchy in the Pacific, and the constitutionally mandated power of the Tongan monarchs is greater than that of the English monarchs.
		Tonga has an excellent education system which is free and mandatory for all children up to age 12, with very nominal fees for secondary education, and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/t/to/tonga.shtml (1169 words)

	Monarchs Encyclopedia Articles @ Karrnet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A monarch (see sovereignty) is a type of ruler or head of state.
		A monarch may choose to resign his position through abdication, though this is a rare and dramatic practice.
		It can be either absolute or constitutional, and constitutional monarchies may even restrict the powers of the monarch to the point where he or she is little more than a near-powerless figurehead.
	www.karrnet.com /encyclopedia/Monarchs (1891 words)

	Tonga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970 (atypically as an autochthonous monarchy), and the United Nations in 1999.
		Tonga's education system is free and mandatory for all children up to age twelve, with very nominal fees for secondary education, and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education.
		Tonga is an archipelago in the South Pacific consisting of 169 islands, 36 of them inhabited, and is divided into three main groups – Vava'u, Ha'apai, and Tongatapu, which together cover an 800-kilometre (500 miles)-long north–south line.
	en.orangehedgehog.com /content/Tonga (2699 words)

	Tonga - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The British High Commission in Tonga is scheduled to close in 2005.
		The temperature increases from 23ºC to 27ºC (74ºF to 80ºF), and the annual rainfall is from 170 to 297 centimeters (67–117 in.) as one moves from Tongatapu in the south to the more northerly islands closer to the Equator.
		You can find it there under the keyword Tonga (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tongaandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Tonga (2194 words)

	Tonga countries and capital cities information
		Tonga''See Tonga (disambiguation) for alternative meanings.'' The '''Kingdom of Tonga''' is an archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean, about a third of the way between New Zealand and Hawaii.
		Tonga became a British EmpireBritish protected state under a Treaty of Friendship on 18 May 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king.
		==Economy== ''Main article: Economy of Tonga'' Tonga's economy is characterized by a large nonmonetary sector and a heavy dependence on remittances from the half of the country's population that lives abroad, chiefly in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.
	www.dancinglessonsfromgod.co.uk /countries-capital-cities/tonga.htm (2359 words)

	Commonwealth of Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It was once known as the British Commonwealth of Nations or British Commonwealth, and some still call it by that name, either for historical reasons or to distinguish it from the other commonwealths around the world, such as the Commonwealth of Australia and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.
		The Commonwealth is primarily an organisation in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction.
		While some nations of the Commonwealth, known as Commonwealth Realms, recognize the British Monarch as their head of state, the majority do not.
	www.educhy.com /index.php/Commonwealth_of_Nations (3666 words)

	Borders - Feature - A Tortoise for the Queen of Tonga
		Generations of princes and princesses played hide-and-seek behind her shell, until in 1988 she was moved to the new Tonga National Center outside Nuku'alofa, where her remains were displayed alongside portraits of the monarchs.
		Nearly a year had passed since the tortoise had been taken from Aldabra, and by the time she arrived on Tonga she was emaciated and dehydrated.
		In winter the humpback whales returned to Tonga from Antarctic waters, breaching and tail-lobbing among the coral reefs, singing epic songs that set the surface of the lagoons vibrating.
	www.bordersstores.com /features/feature.jsp?file=tortoiseforthequeenoftonga (2553 words)

	FRANCIA
		Some of the material might therefore be a little dated now; but there is also the virtue that these histories are going to be largely innocent of the brainless Marxism and the kinds of politically correct "race, class, and gender" analyses that have become popular in "post modern" academia.
		The only drawbacks are that (1) Thompsett's lists are, indeed, genealogical, which means it is sometimes hard to find unrelated rulers in a succession, and (2) the entries are very summary, without any explanation of may be happening as, for instance, domains are divided among multiple heirs.
		However, both Tompsett and WW-Person list Stephen Count of Champagne, Meaux, and Troyes (Tompsett twice, as son of both Herbert the Elder and Herbert, Count of Meaux, identified as "Herbert the Younger").
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14313 words)

	Category:Lists of monarchs Biography,info
		List of monarchs who lost their thrones or abdicated in the 20th century
		List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England
		List of rulers of Italy in the period 476–773
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Category:Lists_of_monarchs (145 words)

	Spain
		Until the late fifteenth century, Castile and Léon, Aragon and Navarre were independent states, with independent languages, monarchs, armies and, in the case of Aragon and Castile, two empires: the former with one in the Mediterranean and the latter with a new, rapidly growing, one in the Americas.
		A military disaster in Morocco in 1921 contributed to discrediting the monarch and worsened political instability.
		Spain is a constitutional monarchy, with a hereditary monarch and a bicameral parliament, the Cortes Generales.
	www.savage-comedy.com /_Spain (8235 words)

	Tonga
		Any person conducting business in Tonga is required under the Licences Act 46 of 1988 to hold a trading licence, which is issued annually and is administered by the Trading Licence Unit of the Ministry of Labour, Commerce and Industry.
		The Monarchs cabinet consists of the Prime Minister and Ministers of the Crown.
		The overarching piece of legislation for land in Tonga is Cap 132 of the Laws of Tonga.
	www.sidsnet.org /mir/pacific/forumsec/tid/bps/bps_to.htm (7207 words)

	SunVacations Fiji & South Pacific's Sunniest Holidays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The island is Foa, the kingdom is Tonga, the ocean is the Pacific.
		Foa is one gemstone on a bracelet of beautiful atolls called Ha'apai, Tonga's central group of islands.
		Ha'apai was home to Tonga's traditional monarchs, the Tu'i Tonga, who ruled the islands for a thousand years and on Foa, a German couple, Jurgen and Sigrid Stavenow, have built a holiday resort fit for a king or queen.
	www.sunvacationsfiji.com /offer_det.asp?off=206 (745 words)

	Foreign Correspondent - 29/07/2003: Tonga - Royal Family Inc.
		You’d think from the relative peace here in Tonga that people were pretty happy with their lot but all is not well in the friendly islands.
		When Publisher, Kalafi Moala produced the paper back in Tonga, his offices were raided and he even went to gaol for writing stories that put the royals in a bad light.
		Now in a grave challenge to freedom in Tonga, the Kings wants to change the constitution to ban publications that infringe cultural traditions and he wants to take away power from the Supreme Court to overturn any new laws.
	www.abc.net.au /foreign/stories/s912961.htm (2191 words)

	The Head Heeb: August 2005 Archives
		Tonga may have a warrior past, but the country hasn't faced anything like this in recent times.
		Tonga has never faced a strike, much less political violence and attacks against the person of the king.
		Eligible parties are given enough List seats to make their share of all seats in Parliament the same as their share of the Party vote (the actual procedure is a little more complicated).
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/2005_08.html (16780 words)

	NEW ZEALAND'S MONARCHY
		In many countries the alternative to a monarch as head of State is an elected President with executive powers.
		It is the authority, legitimacy, prestige and neutrality conferred by the Queen on the system of government which enables it to exercise its powers effectively.
		The privy purse, which meets the semi-official expenses of the Queen as Sovereign, is funded from the ancient landed estate known as the Duchy of Lancaster, the private expenditure of the Queen, and for members of the Royal Family are met from personal income.
	www.geocities.com /cox_nz/factsheet1.htm (6449 words)

	king2
		According to the Tongans, the first Tu'i Tonga (the title given to the royal ruler) was a product of a union between the sun God Tangaloa and a beautiful young earth maiden named 'Ilaheva somewhere around the beginning of this millenium.
		Yet a call on the ruler of the weatherboard palace is surrounded by as much protocol, dignity and gravitas as an audience with the ruler of Buckingham Palace.
		After a careful check of a proposed list of questions - "His Majesty will feel comfortable with those" - a military aide was summoned.
	www.tongahighschool.com /king2.html (1289 words)

	Cyndi's List - Royalty & Nobility
		The study of of king lists, sequences of governance in the history of a state, and the organizing of such data.
		Lists of officials who served in the departments of central government since the Restoration.
		Listing of noble and aristocratic families in and from the Kingdom of Sweden.
	www.cyndislist.com /royalty.htm (2433 words)

	Help.com - monarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In more complex medieval cases, the sometimes conflicting principles of proximity and primogeniture battled, and outcomes could have been idiosyncratic.
		In some countries however, inheritance through the female line was never wholly abandoned, so that if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass to the eldest daughter and to her posterity.
		In 1980, Sweden became the first European monarchy to abolish the preference for males altogether, declaring equal primogeniture or full cognatic primogeniture, so that the eldest child of the monarch, whether male or female, now ascends to the throne.
	help.com /wiki/Monarch (2588 words)

	Guide and Index to Lists of Rulers
		One motivation is that history is often not taught anymore in terms of dynasties and rulers, since this is thought (by an academic elite comfortably supported by the taxpayers) to be too elitist and too removed from the life of the people.
		The arrangement of these lists thus follows Bryce's principle of universalist ideology, centering on Rome but extending to similar to ideas outside of the Roman world.
		The systematic treatment is as follows in the list below, but the list in the box at right simply gives the actual internet files in which basic historical material, with lists and genealogies, is contained.
	www.friesian.com /histindx.htm (3021 words)

	Amazon.com: Queen Salote of Tonga: The Story of an Era 1900-1965: Books: Elizabeth Wood-Ellem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tonga is a unique place in being the only Polynesian kingdom to maintain its culture and government through the colonial period that brought down similar cultures in Hawaii and throughout the Pacific.
		Queen Salote adds to this uniqueness by being the ruling queen of Tonga in the first half of the Twentieth Century, an era dominated by male chauvenism.
		Queen Salote was not only a charismatic leader but also a progressive woman who brought Tonga to the forefront of the modern era by re-establishing its past.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1869402057?v=glance (887 words)

	Document Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thailand has a great King, so does Tonga, so why is everybody anti-monarch, but idealize media moguls, Tv stars, business leaders (bankers!)etc who are greedy, deviod of political intelligence on matters to do with the need for a safe constitutional system for the people of our nation.
		The examples you cite of successful monarchs (Thai and Tongan) are 'citizens' (insofar as a monarch is a citizen) of the country they rule.
		Those monarchs are citizens and resident in their own countries.
	www2.abc.net.au /referendum99/forum/posts/topic4362.shtm (3505 words)

	Monarch - Enpsychlopedia
		, the one used if the monarch has no higher title – is Prince (counterpart Princess).
		Legends of female popes (see Pope Joan) refer to them as "pope." Some European languages have a feminine form of the word pope, such as the French papesse (to pape) or German Päpstin (to Papst), used, among other things, for the High Priestess tarot card.
		As the average life span increased (lords limited their own participation in dangerous battles, and society's more wealthy had increasingly better sustenance and living conditions, which improved general health among princes), primogeniture began to win the battle against proximity, tanistry, seniority and election.
	www.enpsychlopedia.com /psypsych/Monarch (2505 words)

	Royal guest list unveiled for King's anniversary
		Monarchs and their spouses from 14 countries will attend celebrations marking His Majesty the King's 60th year on the throne this year.
		Monarchs from 12 countries said they would dispatch delegates to the celebrations.
		These are the Netherlands, Liechtenstein, Bhutan, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Norway, Spain, Belgium, the United Arab Emirates, Tonga, Saudi Arabia and Morocco.
	www.nationmultimedia.com /2006/03/17/national/national_20002925.php (154 words)

	Kingdoms and Monarchs of the World
		Henry VIII may be our most famous monarch, a man who still bestrides English history as......
		Awesome Aggregations: students study overwintering biology and behavioral ecology with model monarch butterflies.
		(monarchs and royal buildings remain UK's main tourist attractions) (Capitals)
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0775675.html (333 words)

	Tu'i Tonga Biography,info
		The Tuʻi Tonga is a line of Tongan kings, which originated in the 10th century with the mythical ʻAhoʻeitu; withdrew from political power in the 15th century by yielding to the Tuʻi Haʻatakalaua; and died out with Laufilitonga in 1865.
		Tradition names 39 holders of the title, but there is an alternative list with 48 names.
		From now on the Tuʻi Tonga functioned as a kind of high priest, taking care of all religious obligations (an honour and a burden), giving him a very elevated status, but no worldly power.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Tu'i_Tonga (926 words)

	Monarchy of Belgium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to the Belgian constitution, the king only accedes to the throne when he takes a constitutional oath.
		For example, the present king did not become monarch on July 31, 1993 (the day his brother died) but on August 9, 1993 (when he took the constitutional oath).
		In all other current monarchies, the monarch becomes a monarch the moment his predecessor dies or abdicates.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Belgian_monarch.htm (702 words)

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