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Topic: List of past Chinese ethnic groups

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Ethnic groups in Chinese history

Centuries

Wu Hu

Chinese

History of China

Chinese history

Xiongnu

Chinese historiography

China proper

Chinese nationalism

Xianbei

Sixteen Kingdoms

China

Uighurs

Han Chinese

	Nationalities of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Conversely, Hakka are often thought of as an ethnic group, but they are generally considered to be within the subgroups of the Han ethnicity.
		Chinese ethnicities theory is heavily influenced by that of the Soviet Union.
		Other groups such as the Zhuang, Hui Chinese, and ethnic Koreans are well integrated into the national community.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Chinese_ethnic_groups (762 words)

	History of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The earliest written record of China's past, and therefore the beginning of its history, dates from the Shang dynasty in perhaps the 13th century BC and takes the form of inscriptions of divination records on the bones or shells of animals—so-called oracle bones.
		Chinese historians living in later periods were accustomed to the notion of one dynasty succeeding another, but the actual political situation in early China is known to have been much more complicated.
		Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin dynasty (晉朝;), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu) ethnic groups ravaged the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Yangtze River.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/History_of_China (6124 words)

	List of Chinese nationalities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Conversely, Hakka are often thought of as an ethnic group, but they generally considered a member of the Han nationality.
		Chinese nationalities theory is heavily influenced by that of the Soviet Union.
		With some groups, such as the Tibetanss and the Uighurs there is a great deal of resentment against the majority.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_chinese_nationalities.html (424 words)

	Tangut Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Tangut Empire, also known as the Western Xia existed from 1032 up to 1227, spoke the Tangut Language, and was populated by the Tangut tribes.
		It was located in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia.
		In actuality, they were de facto independent, and the interaction between the Jin, the Song, and the Tangut is of interest to historians of diplomacy because they are an example of diplomatic relations between states of de facto equal power but within a diplomatic framework in which one state was formally superior.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Western_Xia (249 words)

	Ethnic groups in Chinese history - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As many ethnic groups have appeared in history, this table is certainly not complete.
		The purpose of this page is to stimulate conversation and constructive arguments on connecting Eastern and Western knowledge of those ethnic groups.
		conquered by Khitans, splinter groups and remnants re-emerged as Mongols
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_past_Chinese_ethnic_groups (630 words)

	Chinese American Democratic Club-CEMA California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives
		The Chinese American Democratic Club (CADC) was chartered in 1957 by the California State Democratic Central Committee and the California Democratic Council in response to growing political repression during a Republican administration and violations of Chinese American civil rights in the mid 1950s.
		Empowerment through the placement of Chinese Americans in elective and appointive offices became a priority, and many CADC members were elected and appointed to local and state offices.
		An influx of ethnic Chinese newcomers to the San Francisco Bay Area and California produced another generation of activists and infused CADC with new vitality and a new political vision that continues today.
	cemaweb.library.ucsb.edu /cadc.html (233 words)

	Major Religions Ranked by Size
		This list is based primarily on the degree of doctrinal/theological similarity among all the various sub-groups which belong to these classifications, and to a lesser extent based on diversity in practice, ritual and organization.
		Groups such as Rastafarians, Mandeans, Tenrikyo, and the Church of Scientology are too small, too new or too unimportant in world history to be included in most surveys of "major world religions." Thus, in including such groups in this listing it is not always possible to appeal to a consensus within comparative religion literature.
		Wiccan groups have traditionally been secretive and often their numbers can only be estimated based on magazine circulations, attendance at conferences, etc. The counts of many ethnic-based faith groups such as tribal religions are generally based on the size of associated ethnic groups.
	www.adherents.com /Religions_By_Adherents.html (11829 words)

	Learn more about List of Chinese ethnic groups in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The People's Republic of China officially recognizes 56 ethnic groups, or Mínzú (民族), sometimes translated as nationalities, within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the rest 55 ethnicities being the minorities.
		Chinese ethnic group theory is heavily influenced by that of the Soviet Union and officially China is considered a multi-ethnic (multinational) country.
		Note that some of these ethnic groups hold belief systems that cannot be distinctly classified based upon the following system.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_chinese_ethnic_groups.html (316 words)

	The Internet and the Ethnic Press: A Study of Network-Based Chinese Publications
		Although the ethnic press has been playing an irreplaceable part in the formation and development of ethnic communities in a multi-ethnic society, ethnic publications are known for their "high mortality rate, increasing financial difficulties, and problems in incurring criticisms...
		Chinese immigrants in the New York City are living in a rather comprehensive Chinese media environment, complete with diverse and familiar sources of print and electronic materials.
		Chinese immigrants, with 30 million of them living in dozens of countries, [56] constitute one of the largest and most distinctive minority communities in the world.
	www.isoc.org /inet97/proceedings/G1/G1_2.HTM (6070 words)

	Fan Chuo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since the thema was a front of the Tang Dynasty against Nanzhao, he was able to get his hands on the updated diplomatic and military documents of the two countries.
		He also lived in Hanoi during his first tenure; therefore he knew some first hand information of the city, such as trades, deployments, population, etc. As the Nanzhao army sacked the city for the first time, he just escaped from being captured by jumping into the Red River and swimming to the opposite bank.
		Then he worked under another Jie-du located at Guangzhou where he compiled the first draft of Manchu (Traditional Chinese: 蠻書; Simplified Chinese: 蛮书; pinyin: mánshū; literally means barbarous document; roughly means the book on the southern tribes).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fan_Chuo (252 words)

	Malinda Lo - Freelance Writer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Because one of the major ways that an individual’s ethnic authenticity is assessed is through his or her familiarity with ethnic foods, I believe that cookbooks—which self-consciously strive for authenticity—are particularly useful in engaging with the issue of what constitutes an authentic ethnic identity[3].
		Although native-born Chinese in America would prefer to follow the methods of food preparation in just the same way as their forefathers did, even to using the authentic utensils, it is totally impractical.
		It is perhaps the first commercial Chinese cookbook clearly targeted at the Chinese American population [7], and is illustrated with fl-and-white family photos in the style of an autobiography.
	home.earthlink.net /~mmlo74/chinesefood.htm (7723 words)

	SF Gate: Special: Chinese New Year 2001: Parade
		Groups call from all over California even as far as Hawaii and Washington begging to be part of next year's extravaganza.
		She has no specific criteria for which groups get the go-ahead, but they have to be "kind of different,'' have an upbeat message and fit into the cultural theme.
		With between 20 and 30 active members, the group is from the only police department in the country that has a lion dancing team.
	www.sfgate.com /news/special/pages/2001/cny/parade.shtml (1335 words)

	CHINESE-AMERICAN CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
		Chinese labor was suggested, as they had already helped build the California Central Railroad, the railroad from Sacramento to Marysville and the San Jose Railway.
		The first Chinese were hired in 1865 [sic] at approximately $28 per month to do the very dangerous work of blasting and laying ties over the treacherous terrain of the high Sierras.
		Such was the demand for Chinese labor that the United States reinforced its "open door" policy by treaty: the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 guaranteed to the Chinese Government the unrestricted immigration of its citizens to the United States.
	cprr.org /Museum/Chinese.html (8382 words)

	Sixteen Kingdoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Han Chinese founded the four states of the Northern Yan, Western Liang, Former Liang and the state of Wei (by Ran Min).
		Six Chinese rulers of the Former Liang remained titularly under the government of the Jin Dynasty.
		Rulers of each of the Kingdoms are listed in relevant articles.
	www.kiwipedia.com /sixteen-kingdoms.html (192 words)

	Introductions
		Over the ages, the Chinese built a remarkably ordered and coherent society that spread across an immense and varied landscape, a society for which the past of more than six millennia remains an ever-present vital part of its modern identity.
		In many ways, the history of jade reflects the evolution of Chinese culture, encompassing its long and eventful history, its shifting geographical boundaries, and the many regional sub-cultures and ethnic groups unified as modern China.
		Nephrite, a silicate of calcium and magnesium of the amphibole group, is a mineral with a fibrous crystalline structure.
	kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu /exhib/jade/txt/intro.html (2172 words)

	GuruNet — Content Map
		List of Parliamentary constituencies in the United Kingdom
		List of past Grand Marshals of the Tournament of Roses Parade
		List of Patriarchs of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
	www.gurunet.com /cm-dsid-2222-letter-1L-first-23301 (93 words)

	Wikipedia: List of Chinese ethnic groups
		The People's Republic of China officially recognizes 56 ethnic groups, or Mínzú (民族), usually translated as nationalities, within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the minorities.
		With some groups, such as the Tibetans and the Uighurs there is a great deal of resentment against the majority.
		Dai (傣族, also called Dai Lue, one of the Thai ethnic groups)
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/l/li/list_of_chinese_ethnic_groups.html (320 words)

	Regions Central Asia - IIAS Newsletter Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The recent research interest in the Chinese communities in the Netherlands and Europe is related to various factors.
		Thirdly, there is an apparent interest in research on Chinese communities within the Chinese organizations themselves and within the welfare and political organizations in the European countries.
		It was decided to compile a list of researchers and organizations which are active in the field and which have a desire to develop co-operative projects.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /iiasn/25/regions/25EA3.html (461 words)

	Greenwood Publishing Group I1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Halli begins with an overview of the perspective of minority group status as it applies to the fertility of Asian ethnics.
		In Chapter 4, he systematically reevaluates the logical and empirical strengths of the social characteristics/assimilationist perspectives as opposed to minority group status hypothesis, and offers a reconceptualization of the latter.
		The author examines the context of fertility differentials by looking at social, cultural, and historical backgrounds, and attempts to utilize the minority status hypothesis, which was originally applied to ethnic groups in the United States, to explain differences in Asian ethnic fertility in Canada.
	info.greenwood.com /books/0313255/0313255342.html (323 words)

	tiefu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Tiefu (Simplified Chinese character: 铁弗, Traditional Chinese character: 鐵弗, pinyin: Tiěfú) was a pre-state Hunnic tribe during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
		Its chieftain Liu Bobo established the state of Xia in 407 and changed his family name into Helian.
		Chinese convention: use family name and given name
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /tiefu.html (179 words)

	Journalists in prison, 2004
		This list represents a snapshot of all journalists incarcerated at midnight on December 31, 2004.
		Chinese officials have said that the "state secrets" charges against Xu stem from his use of historical materials for his academic research.
		Chinese journalists familiar with the case have told CPJ that evidence presented in court did not support the corruption charges.
	www.cpj.org /Briefings/2005/imprisoned_04/imprisoned_04.html (16532 words)

	MSF-USA: Special Report: The 10 Most Underreported Humanitarian Crises of 2004
		Political divisions often erupt along ethnic lines, affecting entire areas of a country the size of Western Europe, where many Congolese cannot meet even their most basic needs.
		Considered economic immigrants by Chinese authorities, most live in hiding because they fear arrest and forced repatriation to North Korea, where they are subject to imprisonment and brutal treatment.
		Women continue to be victimized by sexual violence, as well – from October 2003 to July 2004 alone, more than 800 people came to MSF for treatment from camps housing 35,000 displaced people north of Monrovia.
	www.doctorswithoutborders.org /publications/reports/2005/top10.html (2684 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Library New Books List is generated on a quarterly schedule and is arranged in call number order according to the Library of Congress Classification Scheme.
		Most articles follow the same topical outline including: introduction, location and homeland, language, folklore, religion, major holidays, rites of passage, interpersonal relations, living conditions, family life, clothing, food, education, cultural heritage, work, sports, entertainment and recreation, folk art, crafts, and hobbies, social problems, and a bibliography.
		Religious groups such as the Amish and the Mormons are included as well This multi-volume work should answer many of the reference questions asked about the cultural lives of a wide range of diverse ethnic groups.
	library.csudh.edu /Newsletter0502pg6.htm (369 words)

	Di - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Di (氐), a medieval ethnic group in China
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
		If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Di (82 words)

	Articles - Tangut Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Tangut Empire (Chinese: è¥¿å¤; pinyin: XÄ« XiÃ ; literally "Western Xia") was a state that existed from 1032 up to 1227 in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia.
		Since it located in the west, the Chinese name is Xi-Xia (è¥¿å¤), literally "Western Xia", and thus that name is often used in Sinological literature.
		However, it would not be until 1038 that the Tangut chieftain Li Yuanhao (æåæ), Li Deming's son, who also ordered the creation of a Tangut writing system and the translation of Chinese classics into Tangut, named himself emperor, and demanded of Song emperor the recognition as an equal.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Western_Xia (640 words)

	WHYY: Across The Generations
		Below is a list of the contents of this section.
		The Institute collects and interprets materials focusing on American ethnic, racial, and immigration experiences from an historical and contemporary perspective.
		Student programs are a core activity of the Balch Institute, and include school group visits to the Balch, collaborative projects with other educational organizations, in-service courses and workshops for teachers, and an outreach program which brings holdings from the collections to schools.
	www.whyy.org /generations/neighborhood.html (1645 words)

	List of Chinese ethnic groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Current city Street: List of Chinese ethnic groups <
		See also: Languages of China, Chinese ethnic groups of the past, List of ethnic groups
		Ethnic minority (http://www.china-un.org/eng/c2982.html): by PRC government in the UN in New York
	www.city-search.org /li/list-of-chinese-ethnic-groups.html (546 words)

	Bruin Walk part of UCLA experience - THE DAILY BRUIN ONLINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		While some groups such as Project Literacy, a community service organization, simply recruit whoever is willing to tutor adults and children, other affiliations seem to target certain students.
		For new students, avoiding Bruin Walk is already on the top of their college survival list among buying textbooks and figuring out how to get to class.
		Though the Vietnamese Student Union and other ethnic groups accept students from all different backgrounds, Cammie Phan, site coordinator for VSU said students who are interested in their organization are usually Vietnamese.
	www.dailybruin.ucla.edu /news/articles.asp?ID=30291 (1020 words)

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