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Topic: List of periodic comets

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	Comets
		Comets are relatively small icy bodies, often only a few kilometers in extent, that formed in the outer solar system where temperatures are cold enough to sustain (predominately water) ices.
		Comets that form in the so-called Kuiper belt (or Edgeworth-Kuiper belt after the two researchers who hypothesized these comets in the mid twentieth century) are also acted upon gravitationally by the massive outer planets and they often evolve into the short-periodic comets, whose orbital inclinations are usually relatively close to the Earth's orbital plane.
		The motion of comets is affected by their so-called non-gravitational forces (the rocket-like force from outgassing of material from the comet while close to the sun).
	ssd.jpl.nasa.gov /?comets (823 words)

	Great Comets in History
		An active comet can only become great by making a particularly close approach to the sun so that it produces enormous quantities of gas and dust or by making a close approach to the Earth so that its tail can be easily viewed.
		With the single exception of periodic comet Halley, all the tabulated comets have passed through the inner solar system either for the first time or the intervals between their returns are measured in thousands or millions of years.
		This comet passed very close to the sun and is perhaps the progenitor of the sungrazing comets of 1882 and 1965 or that of 1843.
	ssd.jpl.nasa.gov /?great_comets (844 words)

	Comets
		He compared the lack of diurnal parallax of the comet of 1577 with the well-known parallax of the Moon (the diurnal parallax is the apparent change of position in the sky relative to the distant stars due to the rotation of the Earth).
		Comets must therefore come down from the Oort cloud in several steps, penetrating first into the outer solar system where the perturbations of Uranus and Neptune are weak enough not to remove them from the action of passing stars except after several revolutions.
		Comet P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, which has a period of 15 years, is in a quasi-circular and somewhat unstable orbit between Jupiter and Saturn, with a perihelion q that equals 5.45 AU and an aphelion of 6.73 AU.
	www.geocities.com /zlipanov/comets/comets.html (10543 words)

	List of periodic comets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The orbits of periodic comets are especially tricky to calculate because of all the possible perturbations from every planet, and in the days before electronic computers some people dedicated their entire careers to this.
		Even so, quite a few comets were lost because their orbits are also affected by non-gravitational effects such as the release of gas and other material that forms the comet's coma and tail.
		Comet Barnard 1) when periodic comets are destroyed (they disintegrate, hit a planet like Jupiter, or are ejected from the solar system); thus Comet Barnard 1 is D/1884 O1, last seen on November 20, 1884.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_periodic_comets (436 words)

	Comitia - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This comet had been observed in 1066, and the accounts which have been preserved represent it as having then appeared to be four times the size of Venus, and to have shone with a light equal to a fourth of that of the moon.
		This comet has given rise to a longer series of investigations than any other, owing to Encke's result that the orbit was becoming smaller, and the revolutions therefore accelerated, by some unknown cause, of which the most plausible was a resisting medium surrounding the sun.
		As this comet is almost the only one that passes within the orbit of Mercury, it is quite possible that it alone would show the effect of such a medium.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Comitia (2570 words)

	Periodic Comet Names List
		This includes all numbered periodic comets (those observed on at least two apparitions) and unnumbered comets whose orbital periods have been determined to be less than 200 years.
		The orbital period (in years) and the date of perihelion corresponding to the principal designation are included to provide a backup for distinguishing between comets when an ambiguous name or designation is used.
		In cases where multiple comets were discovered after the CBAT and the Minor Planet Center (MPC) stopped using these numbers, they have been added, either in the order of the comet's identification as periodic or when it has been given an official name (whichever came second).
	www.astro.umd.edu /~farnham/comets/periodic.html (917 words)

	ESA - Rosetta - Rosetta's frequently asked questions
		Comets are very interesting to scientists because they are most probably the most primitive bodies in the Solar System, preserving the earliest record of material from the nebula out of which our Sun and planets were formed.
		Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is named after its discoverers, Klim Churyumov and Svetlana Gerasimenko, who ‘spotted’ the comet for the first time in 1969.
		The comet’s tail is due to the frozen gas vaporizing and dragging small dust grains with it into the surrounding space.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Rosetta/SEMHBK2PGQD_0.html (3252 words)

	Comets - SkepticWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Comets are small, averaging perhaps a kilometer in diameter.
		The comet with the shortest period is Encke's comet, with a period of only 3.3 years[2].
		So since there are new short period comets arriving constantly, it is futile to proclaim that they must have been in those orbits for ever.
	www.skepticwiki.org /wiki/index.php/Comets (591 words)

	Jim Scotti's Comet page
		The tables contained therein list extreme observations of all currently known periodic comets, giving the circumstances of the first and last observations during each apparition of each comet.
		Unfortunately, the comet was not quite this spectacular as it sort of "fizzled" as it moved inside of Earth's orbit.
		This painting is of a bright comet in the twilight sky behind a lighthouse on the ocean shore.
	pirlwww.lpl.arizona.edu /~jscotti/comets.html (414 words)

	Astronomical naming conventions
		If a periodic comet is observed to return on at least one orbital period after its initial appearance, it receives an official number: thus, the official name of Comet Halley is 1P/Halley (the first known periodic comet).
		Comets are also usually named after their discoverers so you get names like C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), although some periodic comets such as 2P/Encke and 27P/Crommelin are named instead after the persons who calculated their orbits (in pre-computer days, when doing so was an arduous task).
		Thus, the famous Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was the ninth comet jointly discovered by Carolyn Shoemaker, Eugene Shoemaker and David Levy, but its official name is D/1993 F2 (it was discovered in 1993 and the prefix "D/" indicates it has "disappeared", since it was observed to crash into Jupiter.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/a/as/astronomical_naming_conventions.html (2246 words)

	[No title]
		Abstract We propose to observe comets at high spectral resolution in order to search for isotopic variants and in order to elucidate the emission mechanism of the various molecular species that are known.
		Comet P/Honda-Mrkos-Padjusakova meets the criterion for our TO during the nominal proposal period but will not be available in the 'actual' observing window.
		Since ephemerides of comets are poorly known and since this proposal requires an accurate centering relative to the photocenter of the comet, WF/PC real time acquisition is needed for the first visit to the comet unless this program is executed immediately following one of the other cometary TO programs.
	ecf.hq.eso.org /poa/FOS/props/2657c.pro (700 words)

	Comets
		Comets have been called big, dirty snowballs because they are composed of rock dust wrapped around a big ball of ice.
		The comet grows in size and brightness as more and more gas and dust are released from its coma.
		Some people believed that comets were made of poisonous gases and that if the earth passed through the tail of a comet, earth's inhabitants would be killed.
	www.uen.org /utahlink/activities/view_activity.cgi?activity_id=3040 (593 words)

	Comets Background Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Comets probably formed soon after the Sun, during the early stages of collapse and contraction in a cloud of gas and interstellar dust called a solar nebula.
		Comets are distinguished by being a mixture of ices and mixtures of carbon dust, silicate rock, and metals.
		The substances found in comets and their proportions are one things that helped scientists determine that comets were created early in the solar system.
	cse.ssl.berkeley.edu /SegwayEd/lessons/CometsTale/background.html (1937 words)

	List of non-periodic comets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Non-periodic comets are seen on only one occasion.
		The official names of non-periodic comets (defined as comets with orbital periods of 200 years or more) begin with a "C"; comets that have been lost or disappeared have names that begin with a "D".
		An example of the latter is Comet Lexell (D/1770 L1), which is known to have been ejected from the solar system by Jupiter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_non-periodic_comets (670 words)

	The Small Bodies Node
		Comet Data Archive contains the data sets which have completed the archiving process as well as the data sets still in development, or in the process of being editing following an external peer review.
		Catalog of HST Comet Observations: A listing of comet observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope.
		This list is compiled and maintained by SBN personnel, to aid in locating comet observations in the HST online archive.
	pdssbn.astro.umd.edu /sbnhtml/comet_index.html (679 words)

	Amazon.com: David Levy's Guide to Observing and Discovering Comets: Books: David H. Levy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		David Levy has held a lifelong passion for comets, and is one of the most successful comet discoverers in history.
		This practical handbook is suitable for amateur astronomers, from those who are casually interested in comets and how to observe them, to those who want to begin and expand an observing program of their own.
		When Shakespeare wrote that comets import change of times and states, he had something else in mind other than a comet literally plowing into Earth, with devastation so great as to destroy most of life here.
	www.amazon.com /David-Levys-Observing-Discovering-Comets/dp/0521520517 (1940 words)

	What Lurks in the Outer Solar System?
		It was the only way, he figured, to solve a baffling mystery about comets: Some comets loop through the solar system on periodic orbits of a half-dozen years or so.
		Short-period comets evaporate so quickly compared to the age of the solar system that we shouldn't see any, yet astronomers routinely track dozens of them.
		Kuiper's solution was a population of dark comets circling the Sun in the realm of Pluto -- leftovers from the dawn of our solar system when planetesimals were coalescing to make planets.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast13sep_1.htm?list545931 (1601 words)

	NAIF Integer ID codes
		In July, 1992 Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 passed close enough to the planet Jupiter that it was torn apart by gravitational tidal forces.
		This reflects the fact that new periodic comets were discovered after identification of the first 111.
		If you don't find the comet you are interested in the first 111 comets listed look at the last 28 to see if you can find the comet of interest.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /~marsdata/req/naif_ids.html (2582 words)

	Todd J. Henry's Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Excellent (complete) lists of natural satellites is a highlight.
		A nice list of all periodic comets with names can be found at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/PeriodicCodes.html.
		Lists attributes of planet candidates and their parent stars.
	www.chara.gsu.edu /~thenry/PLANETS (238 words)

	Periodic Comet Numbers
		The assignment of periodic comet numbers is the responsibility of the Minor Planet Center.
		Additions to this list will appear in the Minor Planet Circulars.
		This list was last updated on 2006 Nov. 9.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /iau/lists/PeriodicCodes.html (42 words)

	COMETS: Welcome
		Three RIT graduate students (Gabrielle Sheppard, Susan Coil, and Leslie Snyder are on the COMETS development team this Fall, and Karen Sadler at the University of Pittsburgh and Mary Ellsworth at the Model Secondary School for the Deaf are also assisting us with new page development.
		This fall, COMETS is conducting an evaluation of its website resources.
		We are interested in evaluating the quality of the information and how useful it is, as well as how easy it is to download the pages on various computers.
	www.rit.edu /~comets/newsletterscomets9.htm (1202 words)

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