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Topic: List of planetary nebulae

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	World Almanac for Kids
		NEBULA, in astronomy, a localized conglomerate of the gaseous and finely divided dust particles that are spread throughout interstellar space.
		Planetary nebulae, or planetaries, are so called because many of them superficially resemble planets through telescopes.
		Nebulae of this kind are strong emitters of radio waves, as a result of the explosions that formed them and the probable pulsar remnants of the original star.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/space/nebula.html (479 words)

	Planetary Nebulae Observers Home Page: Introduction
		The important difference between the two types of nebula is generic; while HII regions are usually a by-product of the birth of highly luminous ‘O’ type stars, planetary nebula are old objects, formed by the expulsion of gaseous material from the outer layers of a dying star.
		The optical spectrum of a planetary nebula is similar to that of an HII region in that it consists mainly of bright emission lines such as the Balmer series of hydrogen and the forbidden lines of ionized oxygen, nitrogen, and other such elements.
		Planetary nebulae have a typical disc distribution rather than that of Population I or II; they show concentrations towards neither spiral arms, interstellar clouds nor young stars, but occupy instead the region of the Galaxy populated by evolved stars such as novae and RR Lyrae variables.
	www.blackskies.org /intro.html (3304 words)

	Planetary Nebulae
		On November 13, 1790, Herschel found the planetary nebula NGC 1514 (his H IV.69), which has a very bright central star; thus he became convinced that the planetary nebulae were nebulous material (gas or dust) associated with a central star, and not unresolved clusters as he and others had thought previously.
		Planetary nebulae have also been discovered in other galaxies with large telescopes, including the Large and the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Andromeda Galaxy M31, M33, M32, and NGC 6822 as well as other galaxies in the Local Group and beyond.
		Planetary Nebulae in the Globular Cluster PAL 6 and NGC 6441.
	www.seds.org /messier/planetar.html (1296 words)

	PLANETARY NEBULAE
		Planetary Nebulae (PNe), singularly, Planetary Nebula (PN) are among the most magnificent, interesting and challenging objects for amateur observers.
		Planetaries often have the appearance of bubbles in space, smoke-rings, symmetrical disks or strange mirrored shapes oriented along one axis in space.
		Planetary Nebulae are interesting objects for the deep-sky observer, offering a differing and challenging object for the study by the novice or advanced observer.
	homepage.mac.com /andjames/Page091.htm (1428 words)

	Planetary Nebulae
		According to one theory for the formation of planetary nebulae, the hourglass shape is produced by the expansion of a fast stellar wind within a slowly expanding cloud which is more dense near its equator than near its poles.
		The detection of these knots in all the nearby planetaries imaged by the Hubble telescope allows astronomers to hypothesize that knots may be a feature common in all planetary nebulae.
		Indeed, because of the nebula's shape and the measured velocity of the gas, in excess of 200 miles per second, astronomers believe that the description as a super-super-sonic jet exhaust is quite apt.
	www.cosmiclight.com /imagegalleries/nebulae.htm (6460 words)

	Nebulae Simplified
		This nebula is emitting its own light, due to the presence of ultraviolet radiation from the very hot young stars that make up the cluster.
		The image shown is of the PN known as the 'Eskimo Nebula', and sometimes as the 'Clownface Nebula'.
		The nebula pictured here is the remains of a star that went SN in the year 1054A.D., as witnessed on Earth.
	www.blackskies.org /neb101.htm (2487 words)

	Formation of planetary nebulae - Advanced Physics Forums
		Planetary nebulae (eg October 17, 2004) are the ideal illustration of both; they are beautiful but they also beg the question of processes could be at work to form them, particularly the spiral, filamentary structures.
		I think it\'s a very good description of how planetary nebulae form, but according to my source, it occurs during the helium-shell-burning phase rather than the hydrogen-shell.
		Asymptotic branch stars are believed to produce planetary nebulae, but the cause is believed to be thermal pulses, which occur before the onset of carbon burning and, indeed, prevent the carbon from being ignited.
	www.advancedphysics.org /forum/showthread.php?t=1018 (876 words)

	Proper Motions and Distances of Quasars
		We list these 30 quasars in Table 1 together with their coordinate names, galactic coordinates, estimated photographic magnitude (mpg values are from Luyten, 1969), the absolute proper motion and the mean error present in its determination were obtained as follows,
		And additional 226 planetary nebulae, discovered during the period of 1966-1977, have been listed by Kohoutek (1978).
		Again assuming that the distribution of quasars and planetary nuclei are similar, this would indicate that the 'average' quasar is intrinsically fainter than the 'average' planetary nucleus.
	laserstars.org /V1982/photographic.html (1073 words)

	Hubble Nebulae
		The photograph was taken as part of a survey of planetary nebulae, which are clouds of gas and dust ejected from a star with a mass similar to that of the Sun as it reaches the end of its life.
		The nebula's shape suggests that it is part of the supernova shock wave that recently encountered a region of dense gas.
		The nebula is on the near edge of a giant molecular cloud which lies immediately behind the stars which trace the sword of the constellation of Orion the Hunter.
	www.utahskies.org /HST/Archives/nebulae.html (13683 words)

	Planetary Nebula Club Introduction - Printable
		Planetary Nebulae are perhaps the most interesting and beautiful objects in the heavens.
		There are at least a thousand planetary nebulae visible in amateur size instruments and many marvelous ones are not on our list.
		The most southerly object on the list is at a declination of -40 degrees 26 minutes.
	www.astroleague.org /al/obsclubs/planetarynebula/planetneb_print.html (1102 words)

	Planetary Nebulae
		These nebulae are formed during the last stages of a star's life when a red giant star casts of its outer layers in a process which leads to the star becoming a white dwarf.
		Column 11: Constellation the planetary nebula is in.
		It is very hard to accurately measure the distance to planetary nebulae.
	www.atlasoftheuniverse.com /plannebs.html (402 words)

	Kwok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		With the nature of the central star understood, attention was turned to the formation of the nebula which formed from the circumstellar envelope.
		The central star becomes hotter, its ultraviolet light ionising the surrounding material, and a planetary nebula is born.
		A list of prominent planetary nebulae follows; curiously, several constellation names are given incorrectly ("Tarus", "Velorum", "Ursae Major").
	www.saao.ac.za /assa/html/kwok.html (1209 words)

	Planetary Nebula Club Introduction
		One hundred ten planetary nebulae were chosen for this program.
		To obtain your certificate and award pin for this program, you will need to purchase the Planetary Nebula Observing Guide from the AL Bookstore specifically written to support this observing club.
		This guide includes the list of 110 planetary nebulae, choosen for this program, along with a nice introduction to planetary nebulae and hints on observing these majestic objects.
	www.astroleague.org /al/obsclubs/planetarynebula/planetneb1.html (1162 words)

	Help
		Distances from the galactic plane are listed without a plus or minus sign to allow proper sorting; these distances will be above or below the galactic plane according to the sign of the galactic latitude being positive or negative, respectively.
		To see an image of a planetary nebula listed in the table, click the Image link on the Browse page, or the "See Image" link on the nebula's spectrum page.
		The best way to print a nebula spectrum is to use your browser's print button; this will print the entire browser window, but you can zoom first to enlarge the spectral region of interest.
	oit.williams.edu /nebulae/help.html (561 words)

	Planetary Nebula M97 (NGC3587) - Nebulae - Digital Images of the Sky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The distance of the Planetary Nebula M 97 is only roughly known to be about 800 pc (2600 lightyears) in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major.
		The mainly green appearance is caused by the emission of OIII, the double ionized Oxygen.
		The nebula originates from the old, compact and hot central star of about 14th visual magnitude.
	www.allthesky.com /nebulae/m97.html (70 words)

	Astronomy For Kids - Nebulae - KidsAstronomy.com
		A nebulae is a cloud of gas and dust in outer space.
		A planetary nebulae is formed when a dying sun sized star begins to shed it's outer layers.
		In front of the reflection nebulae is a dark bok globule blocking the view.
	www.kidsastronomy.com /nebulae.htm (577 words)

	Planetary Nebula
		I went from Bright nebula, to Globular and Open clusters, to bright Planetary nebula, then to fainter objects like faint nebula and finally obscure planetary nebula.
		I then came upon faint and obscure planetary nebula in an article in 1986 issue of Deepsky magazine.
		My goals now are to observe the entire SEC catalog (Strasbourg ESO Catalog) of which I have observed the aforementioned 200, and observe all of the galactic planetary nebula I can find, all with the aid of my 13" scope.
	www.geocities.com /Deepskydave/PNe.html (767 words)

	The SkyGX Project
		Rick maintains a list of all spotted errors in the Millennium Star Atlas, and once this atlas is published, he'll probably start a list for it, too.
		He provided to this project a listing of all AAVSO program stars and their reported observation counts so that the atlas could indicate which of the plotted variable stars were the most "significant" in terms of volume of observational data collected at AAVSO.
		Planetary nebulae in the NRAO VLA sky survey.
	www.skygx.com /index.cfm?go=notes.home (1907 words)

	Planetary nebula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His observations of stars showed that their spectra consisted of a continuum with many dark lines superimposed on them, and he later found that many nebulous objects such as the then named Andromeda Nebula had spectra which were quite similar to this – these nebulae were later shown to be galaxies.
		Space telescopes allowed astronomers to study light emitted beyond the visible spectrum which is not detectable from ground-based observatories (because only radio waves and visible light penetrate the earth's atmosphere).
		Planetary nebulas have been detetected in only four globular clusters: M 15, M 22, NGC 6441 and Palomar 6.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Planetary_nebulae (2556 words)

	September 2002, Fuzzy Spot
		On the N side of the nebula is a large trapezium of stars.
		The nebula is brightest near the NW star and radiating SW from there.
		The center of trapezium is darker, with the nebula forming a sort of ring connecting the stars (as a side note, pictures only show the nebula on the N and W part of the trapezium, therefore this is some sort of optical illusion).
	www.users.qwest.net /~kreeves/fuzzy/sep_2002.html (924 words)

	Imagine the Universe! Dictionary
		The portion of a planetary magnetosphere which is pushed in the direction of the solar wind.
		His list is now well known to professional and amateur astronomers as containing the brightest and most striking nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies in the sky.
		A planetary nebula results from the explosion of a solar-like type star.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/dict_jp.html (2830 words)

	Strasbourg Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The aim of this catalog is to provide a list of data concerning all known planetary nebulae (PN).
		Appended to this is an integer representing the planetary's position in that 1-by-1 degree area, from north to south.
		NGC 3132 - ("Eight-burst planetary") The Strasbourg catalog Declination is apparently incorrect, being too far south by 1 degree.
	www.willbell.com /software/hypersky/strasbrg.htm (464 words)

	Alibris: Nebulae
		A semi-popular account of stars and gaseous nebulae, treating topics such as stellar evolution, the origin of elements, supernovae and cosmic rays.
		The story of the creation of planetary nebulae and the future of the Sun, illustrated in colour throughout.
		The objects listed in the Caldwell Catalogue supplement Messier's famous catalogue of 110 non-stellar objects, and they include some of the most fascinating objects for amateur astronomers.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Nebulae (572 words)

	Log 18
		First on my list was planetary nebulae NGC 6720 in Lyra.
		Listed by Muir as a100 star, rich cluster, Bino object.
		There may very well be one hundred stars associated with this cluster but the way I see them is a series of individual clusters within the overall group.
	members.aol.com /nlpjp/log18.htm (911 words)

	Gregg Blandin; BC last night
		In his 30", each of the galaxies cores with their varying brightness was obvious, but in mine they were much harder to separate.
		I had quite a list of planetary nebulae to see in Aquila so I turned my attention east, now that the constellation was high enough.
		The next object was PK36-1.1, a large almost rectangular shaped planetary with a dark area that reminded me of a dust lane.
	observers.org /reports/2003.05.26.2.html (738 words)

	Planetary Nebula Emission Line Catalog
		List of errata found in ELCAT since it was published
		The ancillary data is comprised of the objects list, which includes various common name aliases and descriptive information; explanations of the literature reference codes; explanations of the region codes, which may include any special notations from or comments about the original paper; and a list of discovery papers for planetary nebulae.
		"A Catalog of Relative Emission Line Intensities Observed in Planetary Nebulae" was produced by James B. Kaler and Louise Browning (Univ. of Illinois), and Richard A. Shaw (Space Telescope Science Institute).
	stsdas.stsci.edu /elcat (449 words)

	PLANETARY NEBULAE EVOLUTION
		If you attended my own lecture to the Society (Sept.1996) on ‘Planetary Nebulae’, some of the statements made during this lecture have had to be updated.
		In regards, planetaries I have been explaining (with suitable given text) that the progenitors generally are between 4.0 and 8.0 MÏ, producing WD’s 0.7 M
		Most of the text that I am aware of never actually state that the Sun will produce a planetary nebula, and if it does, the detail explaining this is often minor.
	homepage.mac.com /andjames/Page095.htm (1289 words)

	AAL Astronomy Images on the Web
		Consolidated Lunar Atlas This site, created by the Lunar and Planetary Institute, allows you to click on an area of the moon and you will receive several close-up images of your desired area.
		Earth based optical observatories Comprehensive and insightful list of every ground based observatory, categorized by type (radio, infrared, etc.) Location and size of scope are listed.
		Planetary Nebulae Observer's Home Page Extensive list of planetary nebulae images.
	www.astro.utoronto.ca /AALibrary/astroimages.html (919 words)

	Edge-On Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		I also include my full observing list of over forty bright edge-on galaxies in the Spring sky.
		Included in this list is object data for the galaxies in the Spring sky with aspect ratios greater than 4 and magnitudes brighter than 12.
		Here are my notes taken for the bright edge-on galaxies listed in the text file above.
	www.psiaz.com /polakis/edgeons/edgeon.html (264 words)

	Anglo-Australian Observatory Astronomical Images
		The most rapid is from the simple text lists, including a searchable list of all objects, useful if you know what you are looking for.
		If you really don't know what you want, have a look at the 50 favourites.
		These are some of the finest wide-field astronomy pictures made with professional telescopes anywhere and every effort has been made to capture the true colours of distant stars, galaxies and nebulae using innovative photographic techniques and CCD detectors.
	www.aao.gov.au /images.html (248 words)

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